The document discusses Global Positioning System (GPS). It describes GPS as a system that uses satellites to provide location and time information to receivers on Earth. The system has three segments: space (the satellites), control (ground stations that monitor the satellites), and user (people with GPS receivers). Some key uses of GPS include navigation, tracking, and mapping. The document outlines different types of GPS receivers and surveying techniques, such as static and rapid static surveys. It also briefly discusses GPS maps.

1. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
By: Dhara Dattani
Civil Engineering Department

2. FLOW OF THE CHAPTER
 INTRODUCTION TO GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM)
 Segments of GPS or its Structure
 Advantages of GPS
 Uses/Application of GPS
 GPS Receivers
 GPS Measuring Techniques
 GPS Maps

3. INTRODUCTION TO GPS

4. Introduction To GPS
 GPS-
 GLOBAL POSTIONING SYSTEM
 It is a technique by which the
location,velocity,direction and time
can be known properly at any time,
i.e. Day or night whether the object
is on water ground or in the air

5. WHY WE NEED GPS ?

6. VARIOUS METHODS FOR
NAVIGATION

7. GPS CAN TELL YOU WHERE
YOU ARE?

8. What is GPS?
 GPS was invented the United States Department of Défense
 Its actual name is NAVSTAR (Navigation system with time and run & fully
operational in 1904 & invented by Roger L Easton
 The GPS system consists of 24 satellites (now 32) placed in near Circular orbits
arranged in 6 orbital planes at 55 degree inclination to equator at 20,200 km
height and 26600 km orbital radius
 The Period of revolution is 12 hours so that at least 4 satellites are available for
observations at any time throughout the year anywhere on the world.
 These 24 satellites form the Space Segment of GPS uses ground stations as well
as receivers. GPS is the only system today that can show exact position on the
earth anytime. In any weather conditions and anywhere.

9. What is GPS?
 As of June 2020, 75 Global Positioning System navigation satellites have
been launched, 31 of which are operational, 9 in reserve, 3 being tested,
30 have been retired and 2 were lost at launch.
 The constellation requires a minimum of 24 operational satellites, and the
official target count is 33. The GPS receiver needs 4 satellites to work out
your position in 3-dimensions

10. Segments of GPS
THREE SEGMENTS
OF GPS
SPACE
SEGMENT

11. SPACE SEGMENT

12. SPACE SEGMENT
 GPS operational satellites are minimum 24 (now 32)
placed near circular orbits at 55 degree of inclination to
equator at height at 20,200 km height and 26600 km orbital
radius.
 The period of revolution is 12 hours so at least 4 satellites are
available for observation anytime through out the year
 This 24 satellites form the space segment

13. CONTROL SEGMENT

14. CONTROL SEGMENT
 The control segment controls on the ground tracks and
Maintains the satellite in the space
Control segment consists of :
i. Master Control station
ii. Alternate master control station
iii. 4-Ground antennas
iv. 6-Monitor station

15. USER SEGMENT

16. USER SEGMENT
 The user segment is composed of hundreds of thousands of
U.S. and allied military users and tens of millions of civil,
commercial and scientific users of the standard positioning service.
 In general, GPS receivers are composed of an antenna, tuned to the
frequencies transmitted by the satellites, receivers – Producers.
 They may also include a display for providing location and speed
information to the user.
 A receiver is often described by its number of channels, this signifies
how many satellites it can monitor simultaneously originally limited to
four to five, this has progressively increased over the years so that,
receivers have about 12 channels.

17. ADVANTAGES OF GPS
 The most popular advantages of a GPS tracking device is when it is
used as a vehicle navigator.
 If your car or boat has a GPS tracking device, you will be able to
determine exact location, speed, direction and time.
 GPS tracking device when embedded as a feature of your mobile
phones,palm tops or personal digital assistants, can be used for
finding direction and distance.
 3 GPS is useful for finding location of any object lying on the ground.
on the sea surface or in the air at any time in any weather conditions.
 GPS works on day and night for 24 hours continuously.
 GPS works even if the points are not intervisible.

18. ADVANTAGES OF GPS
 Man power requirement is less
 Time required for determining position of object is very less
 Accuracy level of GPS is about 10mm
 All weather operation is possible
 By pressing PANIC Button user can get accident, high-jacking
information etc.
 If GPS installed in vehicle you can track your vehicle from
anywhere any time (also if it is stolen)

19. USES OF GPS / APPLICATION
OF GPS
 Location
 Navigation
 Tracking
 Mapping and surveying
 Timing

20. GPS Receivers
 It is composed of antenna turned to the frequencies transmitted
by satellites, receivers-Producers and highly stable clock
 It also includes display
 It also include speed of user & Location of user.
 Wide range of GPS receivers are available in market which can
be fitted in phone, wrist watch, car etc
 It can be also fitted in ships, aeroplanes etc.

21. TYPES OF GPS RECEIVERS
1.Type-1
 No display on screen
 It is called as Rs.232 Recivers or GPS mice
 It can be connected in Computer by means of cable, or Bluetooth in
order to visualize actual position of GPS receiver
2.Type-2
 It contains display on screen information like – Speed, direction ,
time,etc
 Here computer is integrated with GPS Reciver
 Used in aeroplanes,ship,electro compass,Barometer, etc

22. TYPES OF GPS RECEIVERS
3.Type-3
 It is used for higher accuracy
 It is used for collecting field data
 Used receiver as:
 Agriculture
 Surveying
 Mapping
 Oil and gas
 Public saftey

23. TYPES OF GPS RECEIVERS
 4.Type-4
 It is used in Cars
 This system can be transferred from one to another vehicle
 In built maps are only used
 5.Type-5
 It is used in form of small chips
 Fitted in ca or hand of child
 Used for tracking car
 Sometimes fitted in body of animals for their study

24. GPS Measuring Techniques
 Static survey
 Rapid Static Survey
 Kinematic Survey
 Real time Kinematic Survey

25. Static survey
 This technique of GPS surveying is completed using two or
more receivers simultaneously collecting data from the same
satellites. This is used to establish highly accurate horizontal
and vertical control over long baselines

27. Static survey
 In Rapid static survey a reference point is chosen and one or
more rovers operate with respect to it
 Used for :
 Network densification
 Establishing local control network
 High rate of accuracy
 Used more than 20 km

28. Static survey
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31. Static survey
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32. Rapid Static Survey
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33. Rapid Static Survey
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36. Rapid Static Survey
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37. GPS MAPS
1. RESTER MAPS
2. VECTOR MAPS

38. GPS MAPS
1. RESTER MAPS
2. VECTOR MAPS

39. GPS MAPS

40. GPS MAPS
Androids by GPS
 Three types of android maps
1. Street Maps
 Showing city , location, Name of streets and road for navigation
2.Topographic Maps
 Showing location of Hills, rivers, forests etc
3. Aerial Photography
 In military operations
 Shows exactly what happens in environment