The document discusses several challenges related to the global population, including reducing disparities between less economically developed countries (LEDCs) and more economically developed countries (MEDC), cutting consumption in MEDCs, and saving the planet from environmental degradation. It also covers easing migration flows, shrinking family sizes to stabilize the global population, and defining several demographic terms.

1. GLOBAL POPULATION A2 Geography

2. WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES?

3. REDUCING DISPARITY In 1900 approx. Two thirds of the 1.5 billion people on earth lived in LEDC’s today the figure is more like three quarters. 90% of babies born are born in LEDC’s. Of the 4.8 billion living there: 60% lack basic sanitation 30% without clean water 25% have little or no adequate housing 20% No access to health services

4. CUTTING CONSUMPTION More food needs to be produced – made worse by these people being born in LEDC’s LEDC’s struggle to produce the quantity of food Demand is increasing due to rise in number of households People living longer Family break up – Biggest in MEDC’s MEDC’s require more resources than LEDC’s

5. SAVING THE PLANET Effects on environment from growing need for resources Movement into marginal and wilderness areas Use of Non-renewable resources in MEDC’s Figure 1. Species Threatened with Extinction as a Percent of Total Number of Known Species

6. EASING THE FLOW Migration and its reasons have been around for millions of years often triggered by: Hazards Wars/ Conflict Overuse and abuse of environment Famine Oppression

7. One in every 200 people is now a refugee Whilst migration could bring about more equality it is a hot political issue

8. SHRINKING THE FAMILY Though less to do with Geography than sociology it is important for the future of the planet BR fell by a third during the 20 th century DR fell by half Therefore NI remains high World needs lower fertility rates Population needs to be stabilised BR higher in LEDC’s Need for education, birth control and gender inequality

10. ACTIVITY 1 Discuss in groups which is the most important in your eyes? And then rank them in the order of importance. Justify your conclusions What links are there between wealth and resource consumption How do MEDC’s adversely affect LEDC’s Suggest a recent event that has increased migration

11. POPULATION Components of Population Change

12. INPUTS AND OUTPUTS

14. ACTIVITY 2 What happens when Inputs exceed Outputs When Outputs exceed inputs Which is the most important element of population – Justify your view Give examples of places that are experiencing the following: Natural Population decrease Net outward Migration Stationary population High rates of population growth

15. ACTIVITY 3 Find the definitions for the following terms TERM MEANING Crude Birth Rate Standardised Birth Rate Crude Death Rate Standardised Death Rate Fertility Rate General Fertility Rate Infant Mortality Rate Life Expectancy Natural Increase

16. HOMEWORK Give justified reasons for the population changes on the map provided.