Anth1 Modern World
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The document discusses the emergence of the modern world system from an economic and historical perspective. It describes how the system evolved from the Industrial Revolution, with core nations exploiting resources from the peripheries for profit. This created a stratified global structure of unequal economic and political relationships between nations. Decolonization in the postwar era disrupted this system but neoliberal policies have since aimed to reduce government intervention and promote free market forces on a global scale.
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The Ancient Regime was the social, political, and economic system that existed in Europe before the French Revolution during the Early Modern Age. It was characterized by a primarily agrarian economy with a feudal system of land ownership. The population grew slowly due to high mortality rates. The economy was based on subsistence farming, craft industries with little machinery, and triangular trade of slaves, raw materials, and manufactured goods between Africa, America, and Europe. In the 18th century, Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau spread liberal ideas that questioned the Ancient Regime and influenced the French Revolution.
The expansion of capitalism colonialism and imperialism
This document discusses the expansion of capitalism through colonialism and imperialism. It defines capitalism and its various types, and explains Marx's view that capitalism led European nations to engage in colonialism and primitive accumulation in other nations. As capitalist development accelerated in Europe in the late 19th century, European powers sought new territories for raw materials, markets, and investment to fuel further growth. This wave of colonialism had both negative economic exploitation of colonies and positive impacts like infrastructure development. The document then defines imperialism and lists its main economic and political causes, like the need for resources and national prestige. It concludes that while some traditional imperialism has been reduced, new forms of domination still exist internationally.
New Economic Imperialism Essay Example
The document discusses the economic motivations and forces behind the new imperialism in the late 19th/early 20th century. It states that the capitalist class in countries like the United States sought to preserve and expand their domestic capitalism through empire building to secure large export markets, cheap raw materials, and guaranteed consumption. It also describes how multinational corporations worked to manipulate governments in the Third World to ensure access to markets and resources.
Imperialism 1869-1914
This slideshow covers the causes that led to Imperialism and the motives that led nations to colonize.
Soc 210, 9th class
This document discusses the emergence and development of capitalism. It begins by defining capitalism as an economic system based on private property and production of goods for profit. It then describes how capitalism began in 14th century England following conflicts between landowners and agricultural workers. Demographic and agricultural changes led to the rise of a new class of tenant farmers and wage labor. The document traces how capitalism continued developing through mercantilism and industrialization. It notes how the state came to play a larger role in regulating capitalism in the 20th century. In conclusion, it examines how capitalism shaped popular culture through commercialization and marketing of youth trends.
Capitalism and socialism (a review)
The document discusses socialism and capitalism. It defines socialism as a theory that advocates public ownership of the means of production and defines capitalism as an economic system with private ownership and production for profit. The history of socialism began with the French Revolution, while capitalism emerged in medieval Europe and developed further in Protestant countries. Examples are given of countries with socialist and capitalist systems.
World History Unit10 Industrial Revolution
The document provides background information on the industrial revolution in Europe. It discusses how industrialization began in England due to enclosure laws, available natural resources like coal and iron, and a ready workforce from displaced farmers. It then describes the growth of the factory system and its effects on workers, including long hours, dangerous conditions, and the development of crowded urban slums. The document also examines early social and economic theories responding to these changes from thinkers like Malthus, Ricardo, the Utilitarians, Dickens, and Marx.
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The expansion of capitalism colonialism and imperialism
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The document discusses art and culture, beginning with a discussion of what constitutes art and how it varies across cultures. It notes that art includes music, theater, visual arts, storytelling, literature and takes many forms like folk art, religious art, fine art. The document then examines different types of art including verbal art, religious art, and how art can be used to bolster religious attitudes. It discusses how to compare art cross-culturally using stylistic elements. Examples of art from different societies and time periods are provided with analyses of their design elements, use of space, balance and boundaries. The document concludes with a discussion of the earliest known aesthetic creations and the evolution of art in early humans.
Anth1 Ch15 Sht Vs
The document discusses several topics related to cultural diversity and biocultural diversity in the modern world, including acculturation, cultural imperialism, indigenous identity, and the impact of globalization. It provides examples of how contact between Western and non-Western groups has influenced cultures through processes like Westernization, Sinicization, and Hinduization. The document also addresses postmodernity, indigenous rights, conservation of biodiversity, and the need for international cooperation to protect biological and cultural diversity.
Anth103 Gender
The document discusses several topics related to gender across cultures, including:
1) Recurrent patterns show females dominating domestic activities while males dominate extra-domestic activities, with women typically being primary caregivers.
2) Gender roles and the division of labor vary between societies, though foraging societies generally assign hunting to males due to size/strength while some females assist, and horticultural societies range from male-dominated to more equal.
3) Industrialization led to the idea of separate gender roles with women in the home, contributing to the feminization of poverty in some societies.
Anth Ch12 Religion
1. The document discusses definitions and types of religion including animism, polytheism, monotheism, and shamanism. It also covers major world religions and trends like growing monotheism and fundamentalism.
2. Religions are influenced by and reflect aspects of the cultures and societies in which they exist. They help maintain social order and norms. Religions may also change and blend with other beliefs during periods of cultural contact and change.
3. Secular rituals in modern societies can provide similar functions to religious rituals in giving people a sense of community and meaning. Religious demographics are shifting in countries like the US and Canada.
Anth103 Kinship
This document discusses different types of families and kinship structures across societies. It covers nuclear families consisting of parents and children, extended families with multiple generations living together, matrifocal families centered around women, and patrifocal families centered around men. Descent can be traced through the father's line (patrilineal), the mother's line (matrilineal), or both parents' lines (bilateral). Kinship structures involve rules around marriage, residence after marriage, economic cooperation, and political and religious affiliation, with variations found between classes within stratified societies.
Anth1 Marriage
The document discusses different types of marriage systems around the world. It covers topics like the definition of marriage, who qualifies as a father, exceptions to traditional marriage, reasons why marriage is universal, incest taboos, restrictions on marriage, explanations for incest taboos, who one marries, how marriage occurs, how many spouses one can have, plural marriages, divorce, and family forms.
Anth1 Economics Vs2
The document discusses different economic systems and adaptive strategies used by non-industrial societies. It defines key concepts like foraging, horticulture, pastoralism, and agriculture. For each system, it describes associated societal features like land use, technology, kinship structures, religion, and division of labor. Different exchange systems like reciprocity, redistribution, and markets are also summarized.
Anth1 Ethnicity B
The document discusses diversity and perceptions of race in several cultures. It notes that in Japan, the dominant racial group sees themselves as pure-blooded Japanese and discriminates against minority groups like the Burakumin. In Brazil, race is seen as more fluid, with over 500 racial labels and the ability for one's classification to change. The document also examines ethnic groups and national identities in Nepal, the concept of diasporas and nations as imagined communities, and roots of ethnic conflict including prejudice, discrimination, and colonialism.
Anth1 Ethnicity A
This document discusses concepts related to ethnicity, race, and their social construction. It defines key terms like ethnicity, ethnic group, race, and explores how these identities are socially constructed rather than based solely on biology. It also examines how ethnicity and race intersect with social stratification and status, including discussions of minority and majority groups, and the social implications of concepts like hypodescent and hyperdescent.
Anth1 Language
The document discusses various topics related to language and communication, including:
1) It defines what language is, how it allows humans to discuss abstract concepts, and how anthropologists study language in its social and cultural contexts.
2) It examines nonhuman communication in animals like chimpanzees and gorillas and their limited capacity for language compared to humans.
3) It explores the structure of human language, including the levels of phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax that linguistic studies analyze.
Anth1 Wk1 Pt2
Cultural anthropology includes several subfields such as economic anthropology, psychological anthropology, religious anthropology, and ecological anthropology. Anthropologists use various research methods like archaeological studies, linguistic analysis, and ethnographic fieldwork to study human cultures and behavior. They draw on both scientific and humanistic approaches to develop explanations and understand societies in cultural and historical context.
Anth1 Culture
The document discusses several key concepts related to culture:
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- Theories of culture include cultural materialism, which sees culture as adapting to the environment, and symbolic theories, which see culture as systems of meaning and symbols.
Anth1 Method & Theory
This document discusses various methods and techniques used in cultural anthropology fieldwork and ethnography, including participant observation, interviews, kinship charting, life histories, and problem-oriented research. It notes that ethnography employs both qualitative and quantitative methods, and can involve both long-term longitudinal studies as well as team and collaborative research projects. Contemporary ethnography also examines the scales of culture and place and how local practices are affected by global influences.
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The document provides an overview of major theoretical perspectives in cultural anthropology, including evolutionism, historical particularism, functionalism, structuralism, symbolic and interpretive anthropology, neoevolutionism, world systems theory, and political economy approaches. It summarizes key ideas, theorists, and works associated with each perspective from the 19th century to present day.
Anth1 Wk1 Pt1
This document provides an introduction to cultural anthropology by outlining its four main subfields and objectives. It discusses how anthropology takes a holistic and comparative approach to studying humanity. The four subfields are cultural anthropology, archaeology, biological anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. Cultural anthropology examines human diversity and societies of the present and recent past through ethnographic fieldwork and ethnological comparison.
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