Climate change poses serious threats to Indian agriculture that could undermine food security. Studies project cereal production may decrease 10-40% by 2100 due to increased temperatures, with wheat facing greater losses. Every 1°C rise in temperature could reduce wheat production by 4-5 million tons. Adaptation strategies like new crop varieties, water management, and insurance can help minimize impacts but require significant research and policy support. Immediate action is needed on low-cost adaptation options while determining costs and policies for long-term mitigation through practices like agroforestry and soil carbon sequestration. Failure to act risks substantial economic and social damages from climate impacts on India's agricultural sector and food system.