Climate change poses serious threats to global food production and agriculture. It affects agriculture through direct impacts on crop yields and indirect impacts like changing rainfall patterns. Farmers in developing countries are particularly vulnerable due to low coping abilities. In India, unpredictable monsoons and increased instances of unseasonal heavy rainfall and hailstorms have damaged crops and reduced yields. Soil quality is also degraded by climate change through impacts like increased temperatures, changing moisture levels, and erosion from extreme weather. The Indian government has launched insurance and irrigation schemes to provide relief to farmers and boost water conservation in response to climate impacts on agriculture.

1. Submitted
To ,
Dr. Manisha
Singh

2. INTRODUCTION
One of the major challenges facing human is to provide an good
standard of living for present and future generations: proper
food, water, energy, safe shelter and a healthy environment.
But, global environmental issues such as land degradation, loss
of biodiversity, ozone layer depletion along with human-induced
climate change, threatens our ability to meet the basic human
needs.

3. Climate-Change
Climate change is one of the most serious environmental
threats facing mankind worldwide. It affects agriculture in
several ways, including its direct impact on food production.
Climate change, which is attributable to the natural climate cycle
and human activities, has adversely affected agricultural
productivity in the Nation. .Available evidence shows that climate
change is global, likewise its impacts; but the most adverse
effects will be felt mainly by developing countries, due to their
low level of coping capabilities. .
By K .S

4. Unpredictable Monsoon
Dependent on Rainfall. Agricultural production is
heavily tied to the quality of the monsoon rains,
which only arrive for about four months of the year.
Farmers state that the monsoon rains have become
increasingly unpredictable over the past two decades,
both in the total amount of rain that falls in a given
year and the timing of rainfall. This makes it difficult
for farmers to decide which crops are best to plant in
order to get the highest yields during the monsoon
season.

5. Heavy Rain, hailstorms destroy crops in north India
Times of India | Mar 17, 2015, 06.38 AM IST
Unseasonal thundershowers and hailstorms left behind
a trail of destruction, leveling standing crops across
north India on Sunday, with the region still reeling
under its effect on Monday even as Central authorities
tried to assess the full extent of the cumulative losses.
Wheat, pulses, mustard, and gram took the brunt of
sudden precipitation in east UP; Punjab, Haryana,
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and
Maharashtra witnessed similar devastation. Landslides
and snowfall led to the closure of the Jammu &
Kashmir highway leaving thousands of people
stranded.

6. Soil Degradation
The soil system responds to the short-term events
such as episodic infiltration of rainfall and also undergoes
long-term changes such as physical and chemical
weathering due to climatic change. The potential changes
in the soil forming factors directly resulting from global
climate change would be in the organic matter supply,
temperature regimes, hydrology and changes in the
potential evapo- transpiration.
It will diminish in a warmer soil temperature regime.
Drier soil conditions will suppress both root growth and
decomposition of organic matter and will increase
vulnerability to erosion. Increased evaporation from the
soil and accelerated transpiration from the plants
themselves will cause soil moisture stress.

7. Acid rain is caused by a
chemical reaction that
begins when compounds
like sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen oxides are
released into the air.
These substances can rise
very high into the
atmosphere, where they
mix and react with water,
oxygen, and other
chemicals to form
more acidic pollutants,
known as acid rain.

8. Agricultural drought accounts for the water
needs of crops during different growing
stages. For instance, not enough moisture at
planting may hinder germination, leading
to low plant populations and a reduction in
yield.

9. Unseasonal rain and hailstorm
in the past few days have
damaged crops in parts of at
least six states across central,
north and western India.

11. This is particularly true of major drought
in regions such as southern &
eastern Maharashtra, northern Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh, Odisha,
Gujarat, Telangana
and Rajasthan

12. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojna
Government of India has launched Pradhan Mantri Fasal
Bima Yojna to provide relief to the farmers inflicted with
the loss of crop damage. Under this scheme, the
burden of premium will be reduced and their cases will
be sorted out expeditiously.
Apart from the losses inflicted by crop damage, the
provision has been made with this scheme to relieve the
farmers from the losses in harvesting aftermath scenario.
This scheme provides assessment of local calamities
along with a list on unseasonal rain form, land slide
and floods.

13. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana has been
launched to provide relief to the farmers due to poor
monsoon. Under this scheme emphasis are being put
on “water to each and every farm” that is to say to
provide facilities of irrigation to each and every
farmer along with enhancement of water
conservation skill.

14. Creating Awareness
among farmers