This document provides an overview of the five generations of computers from 1946 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large, expensive machines. The second generation used transistors, which made computers smaller and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits, enabling smaller size and higher performance. The fourth generation used VLSI chips and microprocessors, leading to personal computers. The fifth generation uses ULSI technology and focuses on artificial intelligence and parallel processing.

1. Computer Generation
1
Update : 09/10/2014
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2. Overview
First Generation (The period of first generation: 1946-1959.
Vacuum tube based. )
Second Generation (The period of second generation: 1959-1964.
Transistor based. )
Third Generation (The period of third generation: 1964-1971.
Integrated Circuit based.)
Fourth Generation (The period of fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI
microprocessor based.)
Fifth Generation (The period of fifth generation: 1980-onwards. ULSI
microprocessor based.)
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3. First Generation (1946-1959)
Vacuum tube
(electronic tube)
This circuit board block is
one of hundreds of blocks
that held the 4000
vacuum tubes for IBM's
Model 701
A part of computer
using vacuum tube
3
Vacuum tube for circuitry
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4. First Generation (1946-1959)…
Magnetic drum for data store
Magnetic drum
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5. First Generation (1946-1959)…
The main features :
Vacuum tube technology
Supported Machine language only
Very costly
Generate lot of heat
Slow Input/Output device
Huge size
Need of A.C.
Consumed lot of electricity
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6. First Generation (1946-1959)…
Some computers of this generation :
ENIAC
EDVAC
UNIVAC
IBM-701
IBM-650
ENIAC
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7. Second Generation (1959-1964 )
Using transitor :
A replica of the first
working transistor.
Philco surface-barrier
transistor developed
and produced in 1953
Assorted discrete
transistors
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8. Second Generation (1959-1964)…
The main features :
Use of transistors
Support machine and assembly languages
Reliable as compared to First generation computers
Smaller size as compared to First generation computers
Generate less heat as compared to First generation computers
Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation computers
Faster than first generation computers
Still very costly
A.C. needed
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9. Second Generation (1959-1964 )…
Some computers of this generation were:
IBM 1620
IBM 1620
IBM 7094
CDC 1604
CDC 3600
UNIVAC 1108
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10. Third Generation (1964-1971)…
Integrated Circuit based :
A single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors along with
the associated circuitry. The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. This
development made computers smaller in size, reliable and efficient.
íc
First IC Hitachi IC R288-SOUNDGIN-IC
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11. Third Generation (1964-1971)…
In this generation, Remote processing, Time-sharing, Real-time, Multi-programming
Operating System were used.
High-level language (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC,
ALGOL-68, etc.) were used during this generation.
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12. Third Generation (1964-1971)…
The main features of Third Generation are:
IC used
Support high-level language
More reliable
Smaller size
Generate less heat
Faster
Lesser maintenance
Still costly
A.C. needed
Consumed lesser electricity
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13. Third Generation (1964-1971)…
Some computers of this generation :
IBM-360 series
Honeywell-6000 series
PDP(Personal Data Processor)
IBM-370/168
TDC-316
IBM System/360 Model 30 at the
Computer History Museum.
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14. Fourth Generation (1971-1980)
Is made by the use of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits.
VLSI circuits having about 5000 transistors
and other circuit elements and their
associated circuits on a single chip made it
possible to have microcomputers of fourth
generation. Fourth Generation computers
became more powerful, compact, reliable,
and affordable. As a result, it gave rise to
personal computer (PC) revolution.
PC
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15. Fourth Generation (1971-1980)…
The main features of Fourth Generation are:
VLSI technology used
Pipeline processing
Concept of internet was introduced
Very cheap
Use of PC's
No A.C. needed
Very small size
Portable and reliable
Great developments in the fields of networks
Computers became easily available
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16. Fourth Generation (1971-1980)…
Some computers of this generation were:
DEC 10
STAR 1000
PDP 11
CRAY-1 (Super Computer)
CRAY-X-MP (Super Computer)
Cray X-MP/4
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17. Fifth Generation (1980 – till date )
In the fifth generation, the VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale
Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips
having ten million electronic components.
This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial
Intelligence) software.
AI is an emerging branch in computer science which interprets means and
methods of making computers think like human beings.
All the higher level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net, etc., are used in this
generation.
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18. Fifth Generation (1980 – till date )
The main features :
ULSI technology
Development of true Artificial intelligence
Development of Natural language processing
Advancement in Parallel processing
Advancement in Superconductor technology
More user friendly interfaces with multimedia features
Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates
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19. Fifth Generation (1980 – till date )…
Some computers types of this generation are:
Desktop
Laptop
NoteBook
UltraBook
ChromeBook
IBM Thinkpad
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20. SOURCE
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_generations.htm
http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/supercomputers/10/25/23
www.wikipedia.org
www.google.com (Cache)
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21. 21
Thanks !
Name : Võ Duy Hiếu
Email (Skype) : voduyhieu@hotmail.com
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