This document discusses different types of application software, including business software, graphic and multimedia software, and software for home, personal, and educational use. It provides examples of various application software such as word processing software, spreadsheet software, database software, presentation software, personal information manager software, and accounting software. It also describes different categories of programming languages like procedural languages, object-oriented languages, and other languages.

1. BAIT1003 IT
Fundamentals
Chapter 7
Application Software and
Programming Languages

2. Objectives
Application Software
Computer programs &
Programming languages
Business Software
Low level languages
Graphic & Multimedia
Software
Procedural languages
Software for home,
personal, educational
use
Object-oriented
languages
Application for
communications
Other programming
languages

3. Recap
• Software (program) is a series of instructions
that tells a computer what tasks to perform and
how to perform them.
• 2 types of software:
1. System software serves as the interface between
the user, the application software, and the
computer’s hardware.
 Operating System
 Utility Program
2. Application software

4. Application Software
• Application software consists of programs
designed to make users more productive and/or
assist with personal tasks.
To make business activities more efficient
To assist with graphics and multimedia projects
To support home, personal, and educational tasks
To facilitate communications

5. Application Software
• Available in a variety of forms:
Packaged
software
Custom
software
Web
application
Open source
software
Shareware
Freeware
Public-domain
software

6. Application Software
• Package software
– It is a mass produced, copyrighted retail software
that meets the needs of a wide variety users, not just
a single user or company.
– Examples: word processing and spreadsheet
application software.

7. Application Software
• Custom software
– Perform functions specific to a business or industry.
The company may use programmers to develop tailor
made custom software, which usually costs more
than package software.
Fulfill client’s requirements for particular
business’s needs.

8. Application Software
• Web application
– It is awed site that allows users to access and interact
with software from any computer that is connected
to the Internet.
– Many web sites provide free access to their programs;
some charge a fee.
– Example: email, word processing, game program…..
Access anywhere

9. Application Software
• Open source software
– It is a software provided for use,
modification, and redistribution.
– The software has no restrictions
from the copyright holder
regarding modification of the
software’s internal instructions
and its redistribution.
– This software can downloaded
from the Internet, often at NO
cost.
Free download and
update

10. Application Software
• Shareware
– It is copyrighted software that is distributed at no cost for
a trial period. To use a shareware program beyond that
period, you send payment to the program developer.
– In some cases, a scaled-down version of the software is
distributed free, and payment entitle the user to the fully
functional product.
If the trial version does not satisfy, no need
spend money to purchase.

11. Application Software
• Freeware
– It is copyrighted software provided at no cost by an
individual or a company that retains all right to the
software.
– Freeware indicates the software has no charge.
Free of charge and
downloadable from the
Internet.

12. Application Software
• Public domain software
– The software has been donated for public use and has no
copyright restrictions.
– Anyone can copy or distribute to others at no cost.

13. Categories of Application Software

14. Business Software
• Business software is application software that
assists people in becoming more effective and
efficient while performing business activities
Word
Processing
Spreadsheet
Database
Presentation
Note taking
Personal
information
manager
Business
software for
phones
Business
software
suites
Accounting
Document
management
Enterprise
computing
software
Project
management

15. Business Software –
Word Processing
• Word processing , sometimes called a word
processor
• It allows users to create and manipulate documents
containing mostly text and sometimes graphics.
• Use to develop documents such as letter, memos,
reports, mailing labels, and etc.
• Most Word Processing allows users to incorporate
graphical images.
– Clip art is a collection of electronic drawings, photos, and
other images
• Example: Microsoft Word

16. Business Software –
Word Processing

17. Business Software –
Word Processing
• Additional word processing features include:
AutoCorrect
AutoFormat
Collaboration
Columns
Grammar
Checker
Ink Input
Macros
Mail Merge
Reading
Layout
Research
Search and
Replace
Smart Tags
Tables
Templates
Thesaurus
Tracking
Changes
Voice
Recognition
Web Page
Development

18. Business Software –
Word Processing
• Developing a document
• Enter text and
numbers
• Insert images
• Perform other tasks
Create a
document
Edit a
document
• Make changes to
existing content
• Inserting, deleting,
cutting, copying, and
pasting
• Change appearance
• Font
• Font size
Format a
document

19. Business Software –
Spreadsheet
• Spreadsheet software allows users to organize data in
rows and columns and perform calculations on the data.

20. Business Software –
Spreadsheet
• These rows and columns collectively are called a
worksheet.
• The following are the features of most spreadsheet
programs:
– Spreadsheet organization (more than 1000
worksheet, 16,000 columns, 1 million rows)
– Calculations (use formula + function)
– Recalculation (capability of recalculating he rest of
the worksheet when data in a worksheet changes.)
– Charting (line chart, column chart,….)

21. Business Software –
Spreadsheet
• Charting depicts data in a spreadsheet in
graphical form

22. Business Software –
Spreadsheet
• A function is a predefined formula that
performs common calculations.
• Example: =SUM(B10:B14)
FV
NPV
PMT
PV
RATE
DATE
NOW
TIME
ABS
INT
LN
LOG
ROUND
SQRT
SUM
AVERAGE
COUNT
MAX
MIN
STDEV
IF

23. Business Software –
Database
• A database is a collection of data organized in a
manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that
data
• Database software allows users to create, access,
and manage a database.
• Using the software, you can add, change, and
delete data in a database; sort and retrieve data
from the database; and create forms and reports
using the data in the database.
• Example: Microsoft Access

24. Business Software –
Database

25. Business Software –
Presentation
• Presentation software allows users to create
visual aids for presentations to communicate
ideas, messages, and other information to a
group

26. Business Software –
Note Taking
• Note taking software is application software that
enables users to enter typed text, handwritten
comments, drawings, or sketches anywhere on a
page.

27. Business Software –
Business Software Suite
• A software suite is a collection of individual programs
available together as a unit.
Advantages:
• Example: Microsoft Office
• This software typically include: 1.Costs significantly less
–
–
–
–
Word processing
Spreadsheet
Presentation
Email
than purchasing the
program individually
2.Easy of use because
the program in the suite
normally use similar
interface and share
features.

28. Business Software –
Personal Information Manager Software
• A personal information manager (PIM) is application
software that includes:
• To help users organize personal information
Appointment
calendar
Address book
Notepad
• Most PDAs and many smart phones include PIM
functionality.

29. Business Software –
Personal Information Manager Software
• Enables users to create documents and worksheets,
manage databases, create slides shows, take notes,
manage budget…..
• Scaled down versions of software are available to work
with smart phones and other mobile devices.

30. Business Software –
Others
Project management software allows a user to plan, schedule,
track, and analyze the events, resources, and costs of a project
Accounting software helps companies record and report their
financial transactions
Document management software provides a means for sharing,
distributing, and searching through documents by converting
them into a format that can be viewed by any user

31. Business Software –
Others
Enterprise Computer Software
• Enterprises typically require special computing
solutions for various functional units
Human
resources
Accounting
Engineering
Marketing
Sales
Distribution
Customer
service
Information
technology

32. Graphic & Multimedia Software
• Software that designed specifically for their field
work, allows to work with graphics & multimedia.
• Suitable for power user such as:
– Engineers
– Architects
– Desktop publishers
– Graphic artists

33. Graphic & Multimedia Software

34. Graphic & Multimedia Software Examples
Computer-aided design (CAD) software
for creating engineering, architectural, and scientific
design
Desktop publishing software (for the professional)
For production of high quality color documents such as
text book, corporate newsletters, product catalogs.
Paint/Image editing software(for the professional)
To create and modify graphical images such as DTP
document and Web pages

35. Graphic & Multimedia Software Examples
Professional photo editing software
(for the professional)
Edit and customize digital photos
Video and audio editing software
(for the professional)
To modify a segment of a video
Multimedia authoring software
To combine text, graphics, audio, video and
animation in an interactive application

36. Graphic & Multimedia Software Examples
• Web page authoring software helps users of all
skill levels create Web pages that include
multimedia and interactive content

37. Software for Home, Personal &
Educational Use - Examples
Personal finance software
Accounting software that help home user balance their
checkbooks, pay bills, track personal income expenses….
Legal software
Assist in the preparation of legal document and provide
legal information to individuals.
Tax preparation software
Guide individual through the process of filing federal
taxes.

38. Software for Home, Personal &
Educational Use - Examples
Desktop Publishing Software (For personal use)
Helps home and small business users to create newsletters,
brochures, flyers, advertisements, postcard……
Personal paint/image editing software (For personal use)
Personal paint – to draw pictures, shapes & other images
Personal image editing – to modify existing graphics & photos
Personal photo editing software
Allow users to edit digital photos by removing red-eye, adding
special effects…..

39. Software for Home, Personal &
Educational Use - Examples
Clip art/image gallery
A collection of clip art and photos
Video and audio editing software (For personal use)
Home users can edit home movies, add music or others sounds
to the video
Home design/landscaping software
To assist users with the design, remodeling or improvement of a
home

40. Software for Home, Personal &
Educational Use - Examples
Travel and mapping software
Enable users to view maps, determine route directions
Reference software
Provides valuable information, E.g. encyclopedias, dictionaries
Educational software
Software that teaches a particular skills, E.g. Learning how to
type
Entertainment software
It includes interactive games, videos & other programs designed
to support a hobby

41. Application Software for
Communications- Examples
Web Browser
Instant
Messaging
Chat Room
Blogging
E-Mail
Newsgroup /
Message Board
Web 2.0
Technology
Text, Picture,
Video Messaging
RSS Aggregator
FTP
VoIP
Video
Conferencing
Social Media

42. Application Software for
Communications- Examples
Web Browser
• Allows users to access and view Web Pages on the
Internet
E-mail
• Messages and files sent via a network such as the
Internet
Instant Messaging
Chat Room
Text, Picture, Video
Messaging
RSS Aggregator
• Real-time exchange of messages, files, audio, and/or
video with another online user
• Real-time, online typed conversation
• Short text, picture, or video messages sent and
received, mainly on mobile devices
• Keeps track of changes made to Web sites by checking
RSS feeds

43. Application Software for
Communications- Examples
Blogging
Newsgroup/Message
Board
FTP
VoIP
(Internet Telephony)
Video Conferencing
• Time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or journal format,
usually listed in reverse chronological order
• Online area where users have written discussions
• Method of uploading and downloading files with other
computers on the Internet
• Allows users to speak to other users over the Internet
• Meeting between geographically separated people who use a
network such as the Internet to transmit video/audio

44. Computer Programs &
Programming Languages
• A computer program is a series of instructions
that directs a computer to perform tasks.
• A computer programmer/ developer, creates
and modified computer program.

45. Computer Programs &
Programming Languages
• A programming language is a set of words,
abbreviations, and symbols that enables a
programmer to communicate instructions to a
computer.

46. Low Level Languages
• Low level language is a programming language
that is machine dependant.
•
•
It runs on only one particular type of computer
These programs are not easily portable to other types
of computers.
For example, an assembler language written using
the operators for an Intel x86 CPU would not work
on a machine with a Motorola CPU, and vice versa.

47. Low Level Languages
• 2 types of low-level languages are:
•
•
Machine language (first generation language)
Assembly language (second generation language)

48. Low Level Languages –
First Generation Language (1GL)
• A Machine language is the first generation of
programming languages, is the only language
the computer directly recognizes.
– Use a series of binary digits (1s and 0s) or a
combination of numbers and letters that
represents binary digits.
– Coding in machine language is tedious and time
consuming.

49. Low Level Languages –
First Generation Language (1GL)
• Example of 1GL –
Machine language
• The only
languages
understood by
computers
• It is extremely
difficult to use and
read

50. Low Level Languages –
Second Generation Language (2GL)
• Example of 2GL
– assembly
language
• Programmer
writes
instructions
using symbolic
instruction
codes

51. Low Level Languages –
Second Generation Language (2GL)
• Programmer must convert
an assembly language
program into machine
language before the
computer can execute.
• A source program contains the
code to be converted to
machine language.
• To convert the assembly
language source program into
machine language,
programmer use a program
called an assembler.

52. Procedural Languages
• The disadvantages of
machine and assembly
languages led to the
development of
procedural language in the
late 1950s and 1960s.
• In the procedural
language, the programmer
writes instructions that
tell the computer what to
accomplish and how to
do it.
• Procedural language often
called a Third generation
language (3GL).

53. Procedural Languages –
Third Generation Language (3GL)
• Third generation language (procedural language)
uses a series of English-like words and arithmetic
symbols to write instructions.
 Example:
• ADD stand for additional
• PRINT means to print
• “+” for additional, “*” for multiplication
• English like words and arithmetic symbols simplify
the program development process for the
programmer.
• Example: C and COBOL

54. Procedural Languages –
Third Generation Language (3GL)
• For the 3GLs, programmers typically use either a
compiler or an interpreter to perform the translation.
A compiler translates
an entire program
before executing it
An interpreter converts and
executes one code
statement at a time

55. Procedural Languages –
Third Generation Language (3GL)
• Compiler
• Result from compiling the 3GL is called object
code/ object program
• While it is compiling the source program into
object code, the compiler checks the source
program for errors.
• The compiler produces a program listing that
contains the source code and list of any errors.
• Compiler translates an entire program before
executing it.

56. Procedural Languages –
Third Generation Language (3GL)
While it is compiling the
source program into object
code, the compiler checks
the source program for
errors
Result from
compiling the 3GL
is called object code
/ object program
The compiler produces a
program listing that
contains the source code
and list of any errors

57. Procedural Languages –
Third Generation Language (3GL)
• Interpreter
• Translate and executes one
statement at a time.
• Does not produce an object
program.
• When it finds errors, it
display feedback immediately.
• The programmer can correct
any errors before the
interpreter translates the
next statement.

58. Object-Oriented Programming
Languages
• An object-oriented programming (OOP)
language allows programmers the ability to
reuse and modify existing objects
• Other advantages include:
Objects can be
reused
Programmers
create applications
faster
Work well in a
RAD environment
Most program
development tools
are IDEs

59. Object-Oriented Programming
Languages
• The variety of object oriented programming
language and program development tools:
•
•
•
•
•
Java
The Microsoft .NET Framework allows almost any type
of program to run on the Internet or an internal business
network, as well as computers and mobile devices
C++ is an extension of the C programming language
C# is based on C++ and was developed by Microsoft
Visual Studio is Microsoft’s suite of program
development tools

60. Other Programming Languages –
Fourth Generation Language
• A 4GL (fourth-generation language) is a nonprocedural
language that enables users and programmers to access
data in a database.
• With the nonprocedural language, the programmer
writes English-like instructions or interact with
graphical environment to retrieve data from file or a
database.
• Easier to use than procedural languages.
• Example:
– One popular 4GL is SQL

61. Meaning & Importance of Layers
Concept of Software
• Hardware, software
and end-users work
in a series of layers
(as shown)
• End Users interact
with the application
software directly
• Application software
must work through
the system software
to the hardware

62. Significance of Layers Concept
• Compatibility :
• Not all Application Software can work with
one particular System Software e.g. UBS
Accounting software that runs on Window
XP cannot run on Mac OS.
• Not all System Software can work with all
Hardware e.g. OS/400 can only run on IBM
AS/400 computer and not on Sun
Microsystem platform (which is an Unix box).

63. Significance of Layers Concept
• The more layers there are in the system, the
slower the whole system will be. This is
because it takes longer time to go through
more layers of software.
• The ‘thicker’ the layers of the software (i.e.
software which are complex and with a lot of
features) are, the slower the system will be.
This is because it takes longer time to go
through the ‘thicker’ layers.

64. Summary
Application Software
Business Software
• Word processing
• Spreadsheet
• Database
• Presentation
• Note taking
• Business Software
Suite
• Personal Information
Manager
• Others
Graphic & Multimedia
Software
• Computer-aided
design (CAD)
• Desktop publishing
• Paint/Image editing
• Professional photo
editing
• Video and audio
editing
• Multimedia
authoring
• Web page authoring
Software for home,
personal &
educational use
• Personal finance
• Legal
• Tax preparation
• Desktop publishing
• Personal paint/image
editing
• Personal photo
editing
• Clip art/image gallery
• Video/audio editing
• Home
design/landscaping
• Travel & mapping
• Reference
• Educational
• Entertainment
Application for
communications
• Web browser
• E-mail
• Messaging
• Chatroom
• Text, picture, video
messaging
• RSS aggregator
• Blogging
• Newsgroup /
Message board
• FTP
• VoIP
• Video conferencing

65. Summary
Computer Programs & Programming Languages
Low Level
Languages
• 1GL – Machine
language
• 2GL – Assembly
language
Procedural
Languages
• 3GL – C &
COBOL
Object-Oriented
Languages
• Java
• .Net
• C++
• C#
Other Language
• 4GL – SQL
(nonprocedural)