5. Abacus
Abacus was developed by
Chinese in 3000 B.C. It
is built up of wood and
beads. It is used in
schools and by
shopkeepers in Asia.
6. Napier's Bones ( 1617)
Napier's bones were
multiplication tables written
on strips of bones, ivory,
silver, or wood.
The invention was used for
simplifying multiplication,
division, and taking square
roots and cube roots.
7. William Oughtred's Slide rule
Developed in 1622, it was
the primary calculator of
engineers through 19th and
early 20th century.
It is based on logarithms.
9. Blaise Pascal's Calculator (1642)
Numbers are dialed on metal wheels in front of the
calculator and solution appears in little window along
top.
This calculator speed up the arithmetic calculations.
10. Leibniz's Stepped Reckoner
In 1694,First Calculator that could
perform all four arithmetic operations :
addition, subtraction, multiplication
and division. However
there were some design
defects in it.
11. Jacquard's Loom (1801)
First automatic draw
loom by means of a
series of instructions
given to the threads
by a punched card
system.
12. Charles Babbage's Analytical
& Difference Engine (1834)
Analytical Engine
consisted of 4 parts : an
input device, a mill
(processing unit), a
storage device, and an
output device.
13. The First Computer Programmer
Ada Byron Lovelace (1815 –
1852) was the world's first
computer programmer.
In 1842, Ada was asked to write a
scientific interpretation of the
Analytical Engine and its
operations which later became first
explanation of computer
programming.
There's also a computer language,
Ada named after her.
15. Hollerith's tabulating Machine
(1890)
A mechanical tabulator based
on punched cards to rapidly
tabulate statistics from
millions of pieces
of data.
16. Howard Aiken's Harvard
Mark 1 1944)
Howard Aiken, was
supported by IBM to build
an electro – mechanical
computer which began
computations for the U.S.
Navy Bureau of Ships.
17. The First Computer Bug
Dr. Grace Murray Hopper worked
with Howard Aiken from 1944 and
used his machine for gunnery and
ballistics calculation.
One day, the program she was running
gave incorrect results and, upon
examination, a moth was found
blocking one of the relays. The bug
was then removed.
19. The First Generation (1946-1958)
Vacuum Tubes
Thousand of vacuum tubes were
used to build it.
Space of several floors in big
buildings was used.
They used magnetic drums for
memory.
Machine language was used then.
20.
21. Facts
● 1950- Cloud Computing Introduced.
● 1951-1953– IBM sells over 1,000
IBM 650 systems.
● 1952– Dr. Grace Hopper introduces
the A6 Compiler.
22. The Second Generation
(1958-1964) :
Transistors
A typical second-generation
computer contained 10,000
transistors hand soldered
and connected by wires.
They used magnetic core
technology for memory.
Used assembly & high level
languages.
23.
24. Facts
● 1959-Introduction of the removable
disk pack, providing users with fast
access to stored data.
● 1963-ASCII (American Standard
Code for Information Interchange)
introduced which enables computers
to exchange information.
25. The Third Generation
(1965-1970) :
Integrated Circuits
In this, fabrication of various
circuit elements was done in a
single chip.
Magnetic hard disks were
developed for storage purposes.
Simple programming languages
like BASIC were introduced.
26.
27. Facts
● 1965—Digital Equipment
Corporation (DEC) introduces the
first minicomputer.
● 1969—Introduction of ARPANET
and the beginning of the Internet.
● 1960- UNIX was developed, a
multitasking & multiuser OS.
28. The Fourth Generation
(1972-1984) :
Microprocessors
The microprocessor brought the fourth
generation of computers, as thousands
of integrated circuits were built on to a
single silicon chip.
Operating systems based on the
Graphical User Interface (GUI) like
Microsoft Windows1.0(1985) were
developed.
29.
30. Facts
● 1977- Apple Computer Inc. Founded.
● 1981- Introduction of the IBM PC.
● 1981- Xerox Star introduced first
graphical User interface window.
31. The Fifth Generation (1984 - today)
Artificial Intelligence & Robotics
Artificial intelligence(AI) is the
ability of machines to have human
capabilities, such as the five
senses(to See, hear, feel, taste,
smell), plus, understanding,
communication, reasoning,
learning, learning from past
experiences, planning, and problem
solving..
32.
33. Facts
● 1993-2000—Intel, Linux and
Microsoft lead the way in
computer upgrades.
● 1997--Internet and WWW
users estimated at 50 million.
● 3D, 5D Technology
introduced.
34. Future ( Yet to come)
Molecular computers expected,
Composed of millions of DNA
(Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) strands in
plastic tubes. THERE IS A POWERFUL
computer hidden inside humans beings.
It's not the brain but it’s DNA.
Learning capability.
35. Why Artificial Intelligence?
What are the threats it may
pose?
Are we ready for this?
What is going to happen in
next 5 years & in far future?
