Introduction to General Anaesthetics
Introduction General Anaesthetics, Stages of anaesthesia, Classification of General Anaesthetics, Mechanism of action of General Anaesthetics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Uses, Side effects
Presented by
I. Sai Reddemma
Department of Pharmacology
This interesting ppt is the continuation of the Pharmacology of Opioid analgesics I... This impressive ppt highlight the pharmacology, advantages and disadvantages of opioid analgesics other than morphine with illustrations....!!
Introduction to Opioid analgesis, Terms, History, Classification, Morphine, Opioid receptors, Mechanism of action, Pharmacological actions of morphine, Pharmacokinetics, Adverse effects, Contraindications, Therapeutic uses
Presented by
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Department of Pharmacology
Introduction to General Anaesthetics
Introduction General Anaesthetics, Stages of anaesthesia, Classification of General Anaesthetics, Mechanism of action of General Anaesthetics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Uses, Side effects
Presented by
I. Sai Reddemma
Department of Pharmacology
This interesting ppt is the continuation of the Pharmacology of Opioid analgesics I... This impressive ppt highlight the pharmacology, advantages and disadvantages of opioid analgesics other than morphine with illustrations....!!
Introduction to Opioid analgesis, Terms, History, Classification, Morphine, Opioid receptors, Mechanism of action, Pharmacological actions of morphine, Pharmacokinetics, Adverse effects, Contraindications, Therapeutic uses
Presented by
B . Kranthi Kumar
Department of Pharmacology
The term “opiate” refers only to substances with morphine-like activity that are structurally related to morphine. Opioids are sometimes referred to as “narcotic analgesics” and opioid receptor antagonists as “narcotic antagonists”
This slide comprise the idea of General anesthesia, The intravenous and Inhalation Anesthetics- their mechanism and uses and effects on the organ system. Also the drug distribution and redistribution, MAC and pre-anesthetic medication with proper pictorial demonstration.
The term “opiate” refers only to substances with morphine-like activity that are structurally related to morphine. Opioids are sometimes referred to as “narcotic analgesics” and opioid receptor antagonists as “narcotic antagonists”
This slide comprise the idea of General anesthesia, The intravenous and Inhalation Anesthetics- their mechanism and uses and effects on the organ system. Also the drug distribution and redistribution, MAC and pre-anesthetic medication with proper pictorial demonstration.
anesthesia in surgery used in hospitals and various clinics for big and small surgical procedures. in this there are all types of anesthesia are described shortly.
General Anesthetics
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Anesthesia
What are the risks and complications of anesthesia?
Stages of anesthesia
types of Anesthesia :
General ,local and Regional Anesthesia
Drugs for Anesthesia
General anesthesia is a medically induced reversible loss of consciousness and loss of protective reflexes over the entire body, resulting from the administration of general anesthetic agents. The optimal combination of these agents for any given patient and procedure is typically selected by an anesthesiologist.
General anesthesia has many purposes including:
Pain relief (analgesia)
Blocking memory of the procedure (amnesia)
Producing unconsciousness
Inhibiting normal body reflexes to make surgery safe and easier to perform
Relaxing the muscles of the body
introduction of Depression
what is Depressant
Anti depressant drugs example
1.Amitriptyline
2. Nor-tryptyline
3. Phenelzine
4. Tranylcypromine
5. Imipramine
Agents used for radiographic purpose /Radiopaque substance
Iopanoic acid
Propyl iodone
2. Agents used to test organ function
Sulphobromopthalein sodium
Indigo carmine/ Indigotin disulphonate sodium
Evans blue
Congo red
Fluorescein sodium
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Biocompatible and biodegradable polymers,
Applications of biopolymers,
Biopolymers used in advanced drug delivery systems-
Cellulose and its derivatives,
chitosan,
PLGA,
Polyanhydride,
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2. WHAT ARE GENERAL ANAESTHETICS ?
Definition : Anesthesia (an =without, aisthesis = sensation )
The drugs which produce reversible loss of all sensations and consciousness
Anesthetics achieve this effect by acting on the brain or peripheral nervous
system to suppress responses to sensory stimulation. The unresponsive state
thus induced is known as anesthesia.
3. STAGES OF GENERALANAESTHESIA
Stage-1 • Analgesia : Start from beginning of anaesthesia administration and last upto loss of
consciousness, feels a dream like state, reflexes and respiration remains normal
Stage-2 • Stage of delirium : From loss of consciousness to beginning of irregular respiration.
Apparent excitement is seen. Muscle tone increases. Jaws are tightly closed. Heart rate and blood
pressure may rise.
Stage-3 • Surgical anesthesia : Extends from onset of irregular respiration to cessation of
spontaneous breathing.
This has been divided into 4 planes
Plane1:This plane ends when eyes become fixed
Plane 2: Loss of corneal and laryngeal reflexes
Plane 3:Pupil start dilating and light reflexes
Plane 4: Dilated pupil, decrease muscle tone ,BP falls
Stage-4 • Medullary paralysis : Respiratory and vasomotor control ceases
9. Diethyl ether
Diethyl ether is purified and completely free of peroxide.
PROPERTIES
It is clear , colorless , very mobile liquid.
Characteristic odor and sweet burning taste.
It is very volatile and inflammable.
It forms an explosive mixture with air.
STABILITY AND STORAGE
It is oxidized at atm o2 and is affected by light. Hence it is stored in tightly closed
, light resistant containers in cool place