This document provides an overview of gene transfer in bacteria through three main methods: conjugation, transformation, and transduction. Conjugation involves the transfer of genetic material between bacteria via cell-to-cell contact through sex pili. Transformation refers to the uptake of naked DNA by competent bacterial cells. Transduction is the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another via bacteriophage. Each method is described in 1-2 paragraphs detailing its history of discovery and basic mechanisms.