This document summarizes a study on gender roles in small ruminant management in rural Ethiopia. The study found that activities like barn cleaning, feeding/watering, and caring for sick animals were shared among household members, while activities like breeding, marketing, and coordinating veterinary inputs were male-dominated. Men generally reported higher participation than women in management activities. Participation also varied significantly by agro-ecology, with adults reporting higher involvement in highland and midland areas than lowlands. The study concludes that analyzing roles at broader levels hides gender differentials in sub-activities and that targeting interventions for women and youth could help address gender imbalances and reduce disease risk exposure.