Women and Agriculture
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Created by Women's eNews' Managing Editor, Juhie Bhatia, for the 2011 World Conference of the Science Journalists in Doha, Qatar.
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Women play a significant role in agriculture across Pakistan, though their roles vary significantly based on geographic region and local customs. In rural areas, women perform unpaid work in agriculture such as land preparation, sowing, weeding, harvesting, livestock care, and post-harvest activities. However, women often lack equal access to resources like land ownership and extension services. The document recommends improving women's opportunities through education and training programs in agriculture, marketing, and empowerment to enhance their participation and productivity in the agriculture sector.
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Women involvement in agricultural extension services in bangladesh
Women play a vital role in Bangladeshi agriculture, with their participation increasing over 55% from 1984 to 2010. Approximately 63% of employed women work in the agriculture sector. Historically, agricultural extension services in Bangladesh failed to effectively engage women farmers under the Training and Visit system, which viewed women only as beneficiaries rather than agricultural producers. More recent policies aim to better include women in extension by strengthening their links to services, which could boost food security, reduce poverty, and improve household nutrition. However, challenges remain in enhancing women's participation in agricultural extension.
Status of women
- The document discusses the differences between biological sex and socially constructed gender roles. While sex is determined biologically, gender refers to the roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a society considers appropriate for males and females.
- Gender is learned through socialization and differs across cultures, as societies impose different expectations on boys and girls. Gender roles and stereotypes are passed down over time through various socializing agents like family, schools, peers, and media.
- The document examines how gender inequality manifests itself in various areas of Indian society such as education, employment, and literacy rates, with women often facing disadvantages and discrimination.
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E learning for Agriculture and Rural Development
E-learning shows promise for addressing knowledge needs in agriculture but faces challenges. It involves the electronic delivery of educational content like online lectures, demonstrations, readings and exercises. It allows flexible access to experts and information. Examples in agriculture include Open Academy for Philippine Agriculture, Cereal Knowledge Bank, and TARAhaat in India. However, barriers include lack of internet access in rural areas, difficulty developing content, and sustaining programs over time. Overall, e-learning has potential if these issues are addressed, but fully realizing its benefits will require efforts to close technology divides.
Akis
An Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (AKIS) links people and institutions to promote mutual learning and share agriculture-related technology, knowledge, and information. The system integrates farmers, educators, researchers, and extensionists. Its purposes are to develop technologies, increase production, solve on-farm problems, and improve delivery services. An ideal AKIS model includes knowledge triangles linking farmers, researchers, and extension. Various government and private initiatives provide agriculture information to farmers at the grassroots level, including AGMARKNET, Kisan Call Centres, e-Krishi, and others. Stakeholder training is important for policy formulation, project implementation and evaluation in natural resource management. Stakeholders include key, primary,
Women empowerment through livestock production
1. Women play a significant role in livestock production in India, undertaking many activities related to rearing animals. However, they face constraints like lack of access to training and resources.
2. Empowering women economically through livestock production can help their families and communities. Studies show women's participation in dairy cooperatives increases their personal, social, and economic empowerment.
3. Promoting women's leadership in cooperatives and providing need-based training, funding, and technologies can help overcome constraints and further empower women in the livestock sector.
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main streaming gender in extension- issues and perspectives
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This document summarizes a presentation on rising real wages in Bangladesh and its implications. It finds that real wages have been escalating since the mid-2000s, with rural wages increasing at a faster rate from 2008 onward. Wages for women and in the agricultural sector have risen particularly quickly. This suggests Bangladesh may have reached a "turning point" where the supply of rural labor is constrained, causing wages to rise. Higher wages could help reduce poverty but also increase costs for businesses. The presentation discusses policy options to manage structural transformation, including boosting manufacturing productivity, modernizing agriculture, and reevaluating employment programs in light of rising wages.
Gender mainstreaming in census of india 2011 new
The document discusses trends in gender mainstreaming and work participation rates from Census data in India, finding that while female work participation has been increasing slowly over time, it remains much lower than male rates and is far lower in urban than rural areas. Analysis of participation rates by factors like age, education level, and industry suggests where greater focus is needed to improve female representation in Census data collection.
Gender: Gender Inequity in Farm Level Decision Making and Resource Ownership ...
This document summarizes the results of a baseline survey conducted as part of an IDRC-funded project in Tamil Nadu, India aimed at enhancing food security through empowering women. The survey found that women play a major role in agriculture but have little decision-making power or ownership of resources. For example, only 9% of women make choices about crops compared to 69% of men. As a result of training women through mango producers' groups, female participation in decisions increased by 7% and household incomes rose by $120 on average. Empowering women with access to resources and participation in decisions is key to improving agricultural productivity, employment, incomes and ultimately achieving food security at the household level.
The Way Forward by Shenggen Fan
The document outlines the objectives and key research areas for the second phase of a partnership between the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and various Bangladeshi government ministries and organizations. The main objectives are to generate new policy options from previous research, conduct additional research to fill knowledge gaps, strengthen the analytical capacity of the Agricultural Policy Support Unit, and evaluate the impacts of development initiatives on smallholder farmers. Key research areas include the role of agriculture in improving nutrition and women's empowerment, measuring women's empowerment in agriculture, assessing the impacts of initiatives like the USDA's Feed the Future program, and analyzing the adoption of new technologies.
Changement climatique, politique agricole et réduction de la pauvreté
Presentation by Mark W. Rosegrant (International Food Policy Research Institute) at the 4th Brussels Development Briefings on February 13, 2008
Towards innovation and growth in Bangladesh’s seed sector by Firdousi Naher
The document discusses the seed system in Bangladesh and provides recommendations. It summarizes that the seed system has undergone policy reforms leading to increased private sector participation. However, challenges remain such as slow varietal turnover, crowding out by public sector organizations, and weak incentives for private research. It recommends creating stronger innovation incentives, a more level playing field for private companies, stronger quality control, and greater investment in research and extension.
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Dr Brigitte Bagnol is a researcher associated with the International Rural Poultry Centre (IRPC), KYEEMA Foundation, Australia and part of the AIFSC project 'Strengthening food security through family poultry and crop integration'. Her presentation looks at the gender dimensions of this work.
Fighting Poverty by enhancing women role in agriculture
This document discusses the key role that women play in agriculture and food security in less developed countries (LDCs) in Africa, and how empowering women could help address issues of poverty and underdevelopment. It notes that women are heavily involved in food production, processing, and marketing at both national and household levels. However, women face numerous disadvantages compared to men, such as less access to education, assets like land, and greater vulnerabilities during crises. Empowering women by improving access to resources like land, credit, and education could boost agricultural yields and national food security, reducing poverty. Therefore, more focus should be placed on gender mainstreaming policies and empowering women in LDCs.
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This document summarizes 7 case studies that demonstrate the positive impact of supporting women smallholder farmers on women's rights, gender equality, food security, and poverty reduction. It finds that investments work best when they: put women first, analyze and confront unequal power relations, and advance women's rights. However, most donors and institutions fail to prioritize gender equality and women's empowerment in agricultural policies and aid. The report concludes with recommendations for donors to fulfill their commitments to gender equality, such as by increasing the proportion of agricultural assistance targeting women farmers.
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IFPRI Policy Seminar ""Beyond Gender Myths: Closing the Knowledge Gap in Agriculture and Food Security" Presentation by Terri Raney, Senior Economist, Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) at IFPRI on 22 November 2013.INVESTING IN WOMEN AND GIRLS
THE BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING ALL THE MDGS INVESTING IN WOMEN AND GIRLS THE BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING ALL THE MDGS Based on a speech by Jon Lomoy, Director of the OECD’s Development Co-operation Directorate, at the Helsinki High-level Symposium, United Nations 2010 Development Co-operation Forum, 4 June 2010 KEEP GIRLS IN SCHOOL 1 I believe that investing in women and girls in itself constitutes a breakthrough strategy for achieving the MDGs, and that almost any investment we make in women and girls will have multiplier effects across the Goals —Helen Clark, UNDP Administrator, 25 March 2010. W ithout a great leap forward towards achieving greater equality between women and men and increased empowerment of women and girls, none of the MDGs will be achieved. It is time to back up political promises with the investments and resources needed to do the job. Investing in women and girls has a powerful impact. It will make the world a better place for all – both women and men. Helen Clark has called it the breakthrough strategy for achieving the MDGs. The challenge is to identify how and where donor money can fuel that breakthrough strategy. There are four key areas where increased investments and attention could have catalytic and multiplier impacts on the lives of women and girls – and of future generations: • Keep girls in school to complete a quality secondary education • Urgently improve reproductive health, including access to family planning services • Increase women’s control over productive and financial assets (not just microcredit), and • Identify and support women leaders at all levels. Studies have shown that women with even a few years of primary education have better economic prospects, have fewer and healthier children, and are more likely to ensure that their own children go to school. Development would be accelerated if girls were kept in school to complete a quality secondary education. Education of girls is one of the most powerful tools for women’s empowerment, but discrimination continues to keep girls out of school. • In 2007, only 53 of the 171 countries with available data had achieved gender parity in both primary and secondary education1 . • Secondary school enrolment is very low in sub-Saharan Africa (24 percent of girls and 33 percent of boys). That means that girls are missing out – particularly when they live in rural areas and in poor households. Removing school fees and providing financial incentives for girls to attend school have proven to be effective. At the same time we need to build schools closer to remote communities, ensure that schools have quality teachers and adequate sanitary facilities and that they are safe places for girls. 1. United Nations (2009). The Millennium Development Goals Report 2009
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Maternal mortality is a major problem in developing countries like Afghanistan and Central Asia. Over 500,000 women die each year due to complications during pregnancy and childbirth. The Afghanistan Relief Organization (ARO) is working to address this issue through various projects like their Midwife Project. ARO trains and supports midwives to provide mobile healthcare services to pregnant women in remote areas. Their goal is to reduce maternal mortality by improving access to healthcare and raising awareness about maternal health issues.
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2) It discusses components of women's empowerment like self-worth, access to opportunities/resources, and influencing social change.
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Facts about poverty
70% of the world's poor are women, who receive 30-40% less pay than men and head 80-90% of poor families. Over a billion people live on less than $1 per day, and each day over 30,000 children die from preventable causes like malnutrition and disease. Meeting the needs of those in extreme poverty requires a large-scale effort to match the magnitude of the global problem. Changing ourselves can help address poverty by changing how we think and helping others.
WOMEN AND AGRICULTURE IN RURAL KENYA: ROLE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Women play a very significant role in agricultural production in Kenya. However, they are accorded little
attention. The lack of inadequate information on the level of women participation in agricultural
production has helped to underestimate their importance in agricultural production and hence led to their
neglect in sector development. This paper sought to examine the role of women in Agricultural production
in Kenya to give them an impetus upon which they can voice their concern in agricultural related issues. To
improve women visibility in agricultural production, the author suggests that women contribution to
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community rather than their contribution to commercialised agriculture which is dominated by men. With
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agricultural production for prompt policy action.
Present fistula
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The document discusses poverty around the world and its causes and consequences. It notes that the richest 10% consume 50% of the world's meat while the poorest 20% consume only 5%. At least 70% of humanity lives on less than $10 per day. Causes of poverty include lack of access to education, malnutrition, government neglect of the poor, economic slowdowns, and lack of job opportunities. Consequences are increased diseases, overcrowding, unemployment, crime, and an aging population. Proposed cures include charity events to raise awareness, providing free education, reducing overpopulation through urbanization, and increasing access to healthcare.
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The document summarizes an approach to empower rural women in India through improved livelihood options and nutrition education. It discusses how women farmers are less productive than men due to unequal access to assets and services. The approach involves participatory analysis at the village level to understand barriers and develop solutions, implementing solutions like training and self-help groups, and continually monitoring impacts while integrating health, education, livelihoods and food security. The goal is to improve nutrition, education and health outcomes by increasing women's incomes and empowerment.
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1) The document discusses how empowering women in developing countries through education, healthcare, and economic opportunities could lead to global peace and economic stability.
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Women and Agriculture
- 1. Women and Agriculture Juhie Bhatia Women's eNews, Managing Editor Global Voices Online, Public Health Editor Thailand
- 2. "Even talking only about the rural areas, women produce 50% of the food of the world. They receive only 1% of the credit but they produce 50% of the food." --Rebeca Grynspan, United Nations Development Program Under- Secretary General and Associate Administrator Australia
- 3. Vital Work Women make up on average 43% of the agricultural labor force in developing countries. But some 60% of the world’s chronically hungry are women and girls. U.S.A
- 4. Source: "Women in Agriculture: Closing the Gender Gap for Development," FAO, March 2011
- 5. Common Work Women in agriculture work as: Farmers Laborers (paid/unpaid) Entrepreneurs They are more likely to hold work that is: Seasonal Low-wage Part-time Kenya
- 6. Gender Gap But female farmers have less access than male farmers to: •Resources •Services •Opportunities Afghanistan
- 7. While the gender gap varies by resource and location, gaps exist in areas such as: •Land •Livestock •Education •Financial services •Technology Greece
- 8. Source: "Women in Agriculture: Closing the Gender Gap for Development," FAO, March 2011
- 9. Source: "Women in Agriculture: Closing the Gender Gap for Development," FAO, March 2011
- 11. Lower yields Reduced income Family's well- being impacted Food security Cambodia
- 12. Food Security •Giving women the same tools and resources as men could increase agricultural production by 2.5 to 4%. •This could reduce the number of hungry people by 12 to 17%, or by 100 to 150 million people. Tanzania
- 13. So what can be done? England
- 14. •Eliminate discrimination under the law •Gender-aware policy and programming •Gather sex-specific data •Ensure women's voices are heard Egypt
- 15. The Role of Media
- 19. The Role of Media •Media is another way to share female farmers' voices. •But in agricultural stories monitored in Mali, Uganda and Zambia, only 20% of sources were farmers and other rural, agricultural workers. •Just 11% of the sources and 22% of the reporters were women. Laos
- 20. Improving Coverage •Gender equality in newsrooms •Examine the gender angle •Training •Talk to farmers •Diversity •Include male voices Albania
- 21. For More Information: "Women in Agriculture: Closing the Gender Gap for Development," FAO, March 2011: http://bit.ly/e4Umxf Preventing Hunger, Focus on Women, World Food Programme: http://bit.ly/khmnOh “Reporting on Agriculture and Women: Africa,” IWMF, Feb 2009: http://bit.ly/m6YgMw Photos from the blog Shakesville: http://bit.ly/2MeB1v Guatemala
- 22. Juhie Bhatia Women's eNews, Managing Editor Global Voices Online, Public Health Editor Algeria