This is chapter No 3 of Pharmaceutical Chemistry - I for Diploma in Pharmacy (D. Pharmacy) Details notes for Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharmacy) Students.
Antacids (Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry)Dr. Alex Martin
B.Pharm and D.Pharm PCI Syllabus, Acidity, complications of acidity, symptoms of acidity, causes of acidity, antacids, systemic antacids, non-systemic antacids, types of non-systemic antacids,calcium-containing antacids,magnesium-containing antacids, aluminum-containing antacids, combination antacids, ideal characteristics of an antacid, why combination antacids are preferred, simethicone, popular brands of antacids, sodium bicarbonate, assay of sodium bicarbonate, medicinal uses of sodium bicarbonate, aluminum hydroxide, medicinal uses of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide mixture, milk of magnesia, medicinal uses of magnesium hydroxide.
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This is chapter No 3 of Pharmaceutical Chemistry - I for Diploma in Pharmacy (D. Pharmacy) Details notes for Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharmacy) Students.
Antacids (Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry)Dr. Alex Martin
B.Pharm and D.Pharm PCI Syllabus, Acidity, complications of acidity, symptoms of acidity, causes of acidity, antacids, systemic antacids, non-systemic antacids, types of non-systemic antacids,calcium-containing antacids,magnesium-containing antacids, aluminum-containing antacids, combination antacids, ideal characteristics of an antacid, why combination antacids are preferred, simethicone, popular brands of antacids, sodium bicarbonate, assay of sodium bicarbonate, medicinal uses of sodium bicarbonate, aluminum hydroxide, medicinal uses of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide mixture, milk of magnesia, medicinal uses of magnesium hydroxide.
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This slide contains the details from topic, "Dental Product", B.Pharm 1st Semester, Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry.
Dental Product
Desensitizing Agent
Dental Caries
Dentifrices
Role of Fluoride
Anatacid || B pharmacy First Year || Presentation || kkwagh ||
This presentation is helpful for your study
This Presentation Contain
• Introduction
• characteristics of ideal antacid
• classification of antacid
• Some common use antacid
This slide contains the details from topic, "Dental Product", B.Pharm 1st Semester, Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry.
Dental Product
Desensitizing Agent
Dental Caries
Dentifrices
Role of Fluoride
Anatacid || B pharmacy First Year || Presentation || kkwagh ||
This presentation is helpful for your study
This Presentation Contain
• Introduction
• characteristics of ideal antacid
• classification of antacid
• Some common use antacid
Gastrointestinal agents
Inorganic chemicals used to treat Castro intestinal tract by different class of agents
Acidifying Agents
ANTACID
PROTECTIVE AND ADSORBENTS
SALINE CATHARTICS
This is chapter No 3 of Pharmaceutical Chemistry - I for Diploma in Pharmacy (D. Pharmacy) Details notes for Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharmacy) Students.
hellloo everyone !!! i have made this chemistry investigatory project on the topic = " how much antacid can neutalise stomach acid . felll free to downlaod
Objectives, applications, Mechanism, official standards of powders, Sieve, Standard for Sieve, Principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Air separator.
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2. INTRODUCTIO
N
Antacid are the alkaline substance, which after administration it react with gastric
acid and neutralize it and lower the acidity of gastric juice.
These are the weak base and increase the pH above 4 by neutralizing excess of
hydrochloric acid which may cause pain , ulcer in stomach.
If antacid are water soluble, they produce systemic alkalosis because of absorbable
ion it disturb acid base balance in body fluid.
All antacid are water soluble except sodium bicarbonate.
Antacid give relief from pain by neutralizing excess acid. That’s why it used in
treatment of ulcer.
3. Gastric Acidity result in : -
Gastritis / Gastric Ulcer / Duodenum Ulcer
Alcohol consumption
Eating certain food / Smoking
Some drugs like aspirin / Stress
Symptoms of Gastric Acidity : -
Uneasy feeling
Heart burn
Growing hungry even after meal
4. Ideal characteristic / property of Antacid : -
should be insoluble in water
Having fine particle size
Should not get absorbed
Should not liberate Carbon dioxide
Should neither be laxative nor constipative in action
Should give quick action
Should produce longer duration action
Should be stable
Should be easily available
Should be non toxic
5. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTACID
Antacid generally classified in TWO types :-
1. Systemic antacid (Absorbable)
2. Non systemic antacid (Non absorbable)
6. SYSTEMIC ANTACID (ABSORBABLE)
This type of antacid get absorb systematically.
These are highly soluble and potent neutralizer.
These are not suitable for treatment of peptic ulcer because of risk of
ulcer perforation occur due to production of carbon dioxide gas in
stomach.
e.g. Sodium carbonate
7. NON SYSTEMIC ANTACID (NON
ABSORBABLE)
These are the insoluble and poorly absorbed systematically.
E.g. Magnesium and Aluminum salt
Further classified as :-
Aluminum containing antacid
Calcium containing antacid
Magnesium containing antacid
Combination antacid
8. ALUMINUM CONTAINING ANTACID
It’s a weak and slow reacting antacid
Aluminum ion relax smooth muscle and cause constipation
Aluminum hydroxide
Aluminum phosphate
9. CALCIUM CONTAINING ANTACID
Calcium carbonate potent antacid and having rapid neutralizing
action on acid.
It increase pH of gastric to 7. it not cause systemic alkalosis.
But for long term use it cause hypocalcemia , hypercalciuria and
formation of calcium stone in kidney.
Carbonate present in intestine leads to constipation. To counteract
this problem, given in combination with magnesium antacid.
Calcium carbonate
Tribasic calcium phosphate
10. MAGNESIUM CONTAINING ANTACID
Magnesium carbonate is a water soluble and react with HCl at a slow
rate.
Magnesium hydroxide has low solubility and has power to absorb and
inactivate pepsin.
Magnesium carbonate
Magnesium hydroxide
Magnesium trisilicate
Magnesium phosphate
11. COMBINATION ANTACID THERAPY
Single antacid do not posses all ideal property of antacid. In market
the product available is in combination.
Single calcium and aluminum antacid have constipation action.
Magnesium have laxative effect.
To overcome this problem, need to take in combination. In
combination it produce rapid onset of action.
Brand Name Ingredient
GELUSIL Aluminum hydroxide and
magnesium hydroxide with M.P.S.
DIGENE
SILOXOGENE Aluminum hydroxide and
magnesium hydroxide with
Simethicone
12. 1. Antacid are alkaline base which neutralize excess acid in stomach by raise pH of
gastric above 3.5. as we know pepsin help in digestion of food at pH below 3.5
Because of antacid pH get higher it cause digestion problem.
2. If antacid water soluble so it get absorb easily in body fluid shows alkaline nature
and acid base imbalance happen.
3. Antacid contain sodium ion and if person on restricted sodium diet cause excess
administration of sodium as antacid having sodium (Hypernatremia)
4. Local effect of antacid on GIT tract. Calcium and aluminum having constipation
effect while magnesium having laxative effect.
To overcome all above problem, combination antacid therapy used.
14. SODIUM BICARBONATE
Chemical formula – NaHCO3 Molecular
weight – 84.01
Synonym – Baking soda
Property –
Color – white crystalline powder
Odour – odorless
Taste – saline taste
Solubility – soluble in water in small extent / insoluble in
15. Method of preparation –
Medicinally useful sodium bicarbonate prepared from pure sodium
carbonate. A solution of sodium carbonate is saturated with carbon
dioxide. The reaction mixture is cooled. Result in precipitation of sodium
bicarbonate.
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2NaHCO3
Assay –
It is analyzed by acid base titration, solution of compound (2.0 gm in
50ml CO2 free water) is titrated with 0.5 N H2SO4 using methyl orange as
indicator.
16. Uses –
Used as antacid
It used to neutralize excess HCL
Used in treatment of systemic acidosis
Used as electrolyte replenisher
5% solution used in ear drop to soft ear wax.
3.5% solution in warm water used in eye lotion.
Its ingredient in effervescent antacid preparation. e.g. ENO
17. ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL
Chemical formula – Al(OH)3 Molecular weight – 77.99
Property –
Aqueous white viscous suspension of hydrated aluminium oxide with
different amount of basic aluminium carbonate and aluminium oxide.
It also contain sodium benzoate as a preservative.
It contain menta oil, peppermint oil as a flavouring agent.
It contain sucrose, glucose, saccharine as a sweetening agent.
Having pH range 5.5 – 8.0.
18. Uses –
Used as antacid
Used in treatment of diarrhoea, cholera.
Externally it used as mild astringent and desiccant.
19. MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE MIXTURE
Synonym – Milk of magnesia / cream of magnesia
It’s a bulky white powder insoluble in water and alcohol. Soluble in dil. Acid.
8% w/w oral suspension of hydrated magnesium oxide, prepared by following method
:
Rx
Magnesium sulphate 47.5 gm
Sodium hydroxide 15 gm
Light magnesium oxide 52.5 gm
Chloroform 2.5 ml
Purified water Q.s. 1000 ml
20. Method of preparation –
Dissolve sodium hydroxide in 150ml water.
Add light magnesium oxide.
Mix it to form smooth cream, add sufficient water to produce 2500ml.
Pour this suspension in thin stream into solution of magnesium sulphate
with continuous stirring.
Allow precipitate to subside. Decant clear liquid. Transfer residue to
calico strainer.
Allow draining and washing the precipitate with purified water until all
sulphate are washed away.
Mix the washed precipitate with water.
Dissolve chloroform in mixture and add sufficient water to produce
1000ml.
21. Uses –
Used as antacid.
Give relief in hurt burn
Give relief in indigestion problem
Also used in stomach ulcer or stomach cancer.
Editor's Notes
A perforated ulcer is a condition in which an untreated ulcer has burned through the mucosal wall in a segment of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., the stomach or colon) allowing gastric contents to leak into the abdominal cavity.