This is a presentation prepared for subject code FT 422: Plantation and Spices by Roll numbers: FPB15031 and FPB15015

1. Garlic and Ginger
Presented by:
FPB15031
FPB15015
FT 422: Plantation and Spices Technology

2. Garlic
Species: Allium sativum
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Allioideae
Genus: Allium

3. Origin
 Garlic is one of the oldest crops. Garlic is
mentioned in Indian and Egyptian cultures about
5000 years ago, in Babylonian culture about
4500 years ago, and in Chinese culture about
4000 years ago.
 The crop originated in Central Asia and is
referred to as “center of origin” and a wide range
of garlic varieties can be found here.
 Today, each year about 10 million metric tons of
garlic is produced worldwide.
 China being the leading producer of garlic with
66% garlic production.

4. Production in India
India is one of the leading Garlic (Allium
sativam) producing countries.
The area under cultivation and production of
garlic in India (2010-11) is 200.70 thousand ha
and 1061.85 thousand tons.
Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Orissa, Rajasthan,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Bihar
and UP are the major Garlic producing states.
Rajasthan has a specific Mandi for marketing of
Garlic at Chhipabarod in Baran district.

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6. Varieties
 Softneck Garlic
The multilayered parchment that covers the entire bulb,
continues up the neck of the bulb, and forms a soft, pliable
stalk suitable for braiding. Includes Artichoke and Silverskin
 Hardneck garlic
Unlike softneck garlic, hardneck varieties do not have a
flexible stalk. Hardneck garlic sends up scapes from its
central woody stalk when it is growing. A scape is a thin green
extension of the stalk that forms a 360-degree curl with a
small bulbil, or swelling, several inches from its end. Includes
Asiatic, Turban, Creole, Rocambole, Porcelain, Purple Stripe,
Marbled Purple Stripe, and Glazed Purple Stripe.

7. So, how good is garlic for you?
Stabilizes Blood Pressure
Lowering LDL
cholesterol
Improve Bone Health
Prevents Cardiovascular
Diseases
Relieves Intestinal
Ailments
Regulates Blood
Sugar
Helps Fight Cancer
Strengthens Immune
System
Prevents
Thromboembolism
Prevents Heavy Metal Poisoning
Treats Asthma And Common
Cold
Prevent Alzheimer’s
Disease and Dementia

8. Processing
 The processing operations with Garlic particularly
include:
 Garlic grading
 Bulb breaking
 Clove separation
 Size reduction
 Peeling
 Clove flaking
 Dehydration
 Blending
 Packaging
 Storage
 Grinding etc.
It’s processing require special skill and care, because it’s
essential volatile oil is concentrated in epidermal cell, which is
mainly responsible for its characteristic aroma.

9. Culinary uses
 They are used in a variety of recipes, especially
as a seasoning/garnishing.
 Leaves are less pungent than the cloves and
employed in recipes in a similar way like onion
tops or scallions.
 Its cloves are added to give a spicy, pungent
flavor to the preparations like bread, toast.
 The cloves have also been used in the
preparation of seasonal soups, chutney, and

10. Undesirable effects
The sulfide
compounds in the
garlic are
metabolized to allyl
methyl sulfide, which
is excreted through
sweat and breathe
producing unpleasant
odor and breath
(halitosis).

11. Following value added products may be prepared from the
processing of the Garlic:
 Garlic Jam
 Garlic Powder
 Garlic Tablet
 Garlic Paste
 Garlic Pickles
 Garlic cloves
 Garlic Digestive Churn etc.

12. Ginger
 Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a flowering
plant whose rhizome, ginger root or simply ginger,
is widely used as a spice or a folk medicine.

13. Scientific classification
 Species:
Zingiber officinale
 Kingdom: Plantae
 Clade: Angiosperms
 Clade: Monocots
 Clade: Commelinids
 Order: Zingiberales
 Family: Zingiberaceae
 Genus: Zingiber

14. Origin and distribution
 As one of the first spices exported from the
Orient, ginger arrived in Europe during the spice
trade, and was used by ancient
Greeks and Romans.
 Ginger likely originated as ground flora of tropical
lowland forests in regions from the Indian
subcontinent to southern Asia, where its
cultivation remains among the world's largest
producers, including India, China, and other
countries of southern Asia.

15. Production
 In 2014, with a global production of 2.2
million tonnes of raw ginger, India accounted for
30% of the world total, followed
by China(19%), Nepal (13%), Indonesia (12%),
and Thailand (7%).

16. Varieties

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18. How is ginger good for
you?
Contains Gingerol, a Substance With
Powerful Medicinal Properties
Can Treat nausea, especially
Morning Sickness
Reduces Muscle Pain
and Soreness
The Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Can Help With Osteoarthritis
Can Help Treat Chronic
Indigestion
Lowers Cholesterol
levels
Improves Brain Function and
Protect Against Alzheimer's
Disease

19. Processing of ginger
 Processing of ginger to produce dry ginger basically
involves two stages-
peeling of the ginger rhizomes to remove the outer
skin and sun drying to a safe moisture level.
 Peeling
 Drying
 Polishing, cleaning and grading
 Storage
 Bleached ginger

20. Culinary Uses
 Ginger will tenderize and add flavor to meats. Rub on the
meat before grilling.
 Add ginger to white sauces and sweet dessert sauces for an
additional complexity to the flavor.
 If you have a juicing machine, add green apple, lemon, and
ginger together to make a natural energy drink.
 Add ginger to any meat or vegetable dish that is either for
stir-fries or uses a wok.
 Boil ginger in water and use that water to make a tea (or just
drink as ginger tea).
 Make homemade gingersnaps or your own ginger
ale or ginger lemonade

21. Undesirable effects
Might Not Be Safe During Pregnancy
And Breastfeeding
May Lead To Diarrhea
Gas And Bloating
Heartburn

22. Following value added products may be prepared
from the processing of the Garlic:
 Ginger Candy
 Ginger tablet
 Ginger powder
 Ginger Paste
 Ginger Jam
 Ginger Jelly