This document presents a model and analysis of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) using MATLAB. It summarizes the components that make up a WECS, including the wind turbine, generator, controller, rectifier-inverter, battery, load equipment, and transformer/grid. It then models each component in MATLAB, including the wind turbine blades, drive train dynamics, asynchronous generator, and reduction of the generator order for stability studies. The modeling is used to simulate a test case of a WECS both as a standalone system and grid-connected to analyze its performance and stability when interfaced with the grid.
This project of Maglev windmill on the implementation of an alternate configuration of a wind turbine for power generation purposes. Using the effects of magnetic repulsion, spiral shaped wind turbine blades will be fitted on a rod for stability during rotation and suspended on magnets as a replacement for ball bearings which are normally used on conventional wind turbines. Power will then be generated with an axial flux generator, which incorporates the use of permanent magnets and a set of coils.
Subscribe My Youtube Channel For More Support....
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjI2ahxNNvYRc1X5hQIE78A
Wind power or wind energy is the use of wind to provide the mechanical power through wind turbines to turn electric generators and traditionally to do other work, like milling or pumping. Wind power is a sustainable and renewable energy, and has a much smaller impact on the environment compared to burning fossil fuels.
Wind Power History
Advantages & Disadvantages
Wind Turbine & Components
Power From Wind Mill
Swept area Of Wind Mill Rotor
Wind Speed Variation with Height
Density & Temperature Variation with Height
Global Wind Patterns
Wind Speed Measurements
Wind Speed Distribution
Weibull Probability Distributions
“MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF DC-DC CONVERTER FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM” Final...8381801685
This project portrays a comparative analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System. The electrolysis method which increases the hydrogen production and storage rate from wind-PV systems. It has been proved that DC-DC converter with transformer has the desirable features for electrolyser application. The converter operates in lagging PF mode for a very wide change in load and supply voltage variations, thus ensuring ZVS for all the primary switches. The peak current through the switches decreases with load current.This paper portrays a comparative analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System . The simulation and experimental results show that the power gain obtained by this method clearly increases the hydrogen production and storage rate from wind-PV systems. It has been proved that DC-DC converter with transformer has the desirable features for electrolyser application. Theoretical predictions of the selected configuration have been compared with the MATLAB simulation results. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the output of the inverter is nearly sinusoidal. The output of rectifier is pure DC due to the presence of LC filter at the output. It can be seen that the efficiency of DC-DC converter with transformer is 15% higher than the converter without transformer.
Wind Power Plant Presentation (Seminar PPT) Jay Sonar
Power Point Presentation On Wind Energy and Wind Turbine & Its Components. Full Seminar Presentation For Diploma And Engineering Students. Easy and Understandable Format.
Thanks. Follow & keep Presenting.
Control Scheme for a Stand-Alone Wind Energy Conversion SystemRoja Rani
Energy is the considered to be the pivotal input for development.
At present owing to the depletion of available conventional resources and concern regarding environmental degradation, the renewable sources are being utilized to meet the ever increasing energy demand.
Due to a relatively low cost of electricity production wind energy is considered to be one of the potential sources of clean energy for the future.
This ppt explained the basic concept of Tidal energy , Components of Tidal barrage powerplant, Modes of generation of Tidal power, Tidal stream generator, single and double bassin arrangement, Horizontal & vertical axis Tidal turbine Helical Turbine, Dynamic Tidal powerplant, Environmental impacts and Site selection for tidal powerplant. Also describes the advantages and disadvantages of Tidal powerplant.
It is type of hybrid energy system consist of a photovoltaic array coupled with a wind turbine.This would create more output from the wind turbine during the winter, whereas during the summer, the solar panels would produce their peak output.Solar Photovoltaic (PV) – Wind Turbine (WT) Hybrid System is the best way to utilize not just one local available RE resource but multiple renewable RE resources.
These slides presents an overview of different wind generator systems and their comparisons. Later of the slides the modelling and control strategies of wind generators will be discussed.
Hybrid power generation by and solar –windUday Wankar
With the development of industry and
agriculture, a great amount of energy such as coal, oil
and gas has been consumed in the world. Extensive
use of these fossil energies deteriorates a series of
problems like energy crisis, environmental pollution
and so on. Everybody knows that the fossil energy
reserves are finite, some day it will be exhausted.
It is possible that the world will face a
global energy crisis due to a decline in the
availability of cheap oil and recommendations to a
decreasing dependency on fossil fuel. This has led to
increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research
such as fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, biodiesel,
Karrick process, solar energy, geothermal energy,
tidal energy and wind. Today, solar energy and wind
energy have significantly alternated fossil fuel with
big ecological problems.
With the development of the science and
technology, power generation using solar energy and
wind power is gradually known by more and more
people. And it is widespread used in many developed
countries. The merits of the solar and wind power
generation are very obvious-infinite and nonpolluting.
The raw materials of the solar and wind
power generation derived from nature, and wind
power generation can work twenty-four hours a day,
solar power generation only works by daylight. In
addition, this kind of power generation has no
exhaust emission and there is no influence to the
nature. But it also has some shortcomings. Because
of the imperfect of the technology, equipment of the
solar and wind power generation is very expensive.
By far, it cannot be widely used.
In addition, solar and wind power
generation system affected by the changing of the
weather very much, so it has obvious defects in
reliability compared with fossil fuel, and it is difficult
to make it fit for practical use the lack of economical
efficiency .Because of these problems it needs to
increase the reliability of energy supply by
developing a system which interacts Solar and wind
energy. This kind of system is usually called windsolar
hybrid power generation system significantly
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This project of Maglev windmill on the implementation of an alternate configuration of a wind turbine for power generation purposes. Using the effects of magnetic repulsion, spiral shaped wind turbine blades will be fitted on a rod for stability during rotation and suspended on magnets as a replacement for ball bearings which are normally used on conventional wind turbines. Power will then be generated with an axial flux generator, which incorporates the use of permanent magnets and a set of coils.
Subscribe My Youtube Channel For More Support....
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjI2ahxNNvYRc1X5hQIE78A
Wind power or wind energy is the use of wind to provide the mechanical power through wind turbines to turn electric generators and traditionally to do other work, like milling or pumping. Wind power is a sustainable and renewable energy, and has a much smaller impact on the environment compared to burning fossil fuels.
Wind Power History
Advantages & Disadvantages
Wind Turbine & Components
Power From Wind Mill
Swept area Of Wind Mill Rotor
Wind Speed Variation with Height
Density & Temperature Variation with Height
Global Wind Patterns
Wind Speed Measurements
Wind Speed Distribution
Weibull Probability Distributions
“MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF DC-DC CONVERTER FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM” Final...8381801685
This project portrays a comparative analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System. The electrolysis method which increases the hydrogen production and storage rate from wind-PV systems. It has been proved that DC-DC converter with transformer has the desirable features for electrolyser application. The converter operates in lagging PF mode for a very wide change in load and supply voltage variations, thus ensuring ZVS for all the primary switches. The peak current through the switches decreases with load current.This paper portrays a comparative analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System . The simulation and experimental results show that the power gain obtained by this method clearly increases the hydrogen production and storage rate from wind-PV systems. It has been proved that DC-DC converter with transformer has the desirable features for electrolyser application. Theoretical predictions of the selected configuration have been compared with the MATLAB simulation results. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the output of the inverter is nearly sinusoidal. The output of rectifier is pure DC due to the presence of LC filter at the output. It can be seen that the efficiency of DC-DC converter with transformer is 15% higher than the converter without transformer.
Wind Power Plant Presentation (Seminar PPT) Jay Sonar
Power Point Presentation On Wind Energy and Wind Turbine & Its Components. Full Seminar Presentation For Diploma And Engineering Students. Easy and Understandable Format.
Thanks. Follow & keep Presenting.
Control Scheme for a Stand-Alone Wind Energy Conversion SystemRoja Rani
Energy is the considered to be the pivotal input for development.
At present owing to the depletion of available conventional resources and concern regarding environmental degradation, the renewable sources are being utilized to meet the ever increasing energy demand.
Due to a relatively low cost of electricity production wind energy is considered to be one of the potential sources of clean energy for the future.
This ppt explained the basic concept of Tidal energy , Components of Tidal barrage powerplant, Modes of generation of Tidal power, Tidal stream generator, single and double bassin arrangement, Horizontal & vertical axis Tidal turbine Helical Turbine, Dynamic Tidal powerplant, Environmental impacts and Site selection for tidal powerplant. Also describes the advantages and disadvantages of Tidal powerplant.
It is type of hybrid energy system consist of a photovoltaic array coupled with a wind turbine.This would create more output from the wind turbine during the winter, whereas during the summer, the solar panels would produce their peak output.Solar Photovoltaic (PV) – Wind Turbine (WT) Hybrid System is the best way to utilize not just one local available RE resource but multiple renewable RE resources.
These slides presents an overview of different wind generator systems and their comparisons. Later of the slides the modelling and control strategies of wind generators will be discussed.
Hybrid power generation by and solar –windUday Wankar
With the development of industry and
agriculture, a great amount of energy such as coal, oil
and gas has been consumed in the world. Extensive
use of these fossil energies deteriorates a series of
problems like energy crisis, environmental pollution
and so on. Everybody knows that the fossil energy
reserves are finite, some day it will be exhausted.
It is possible that the world will face a
global energy crisis due to a decline in the
availability of cheap oil and recommendations to a
decreasing dependency on fossil fuel. This has led to
increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research
such as fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, biodiesel,
Karrick process, solar energy, geothermal energy,
tidal energy and wind. Today, solar energy and wind
energy have significantly alternated fossil fuel with
big ecological problems.
With the development of the science and
technology, power generation using solar energy and
wind power is gradually known by more and more
people. And it is widespread used in many developed
countries. The merits of the solar and wind power
generation are very obvious-infinite and nonpolluting.
The raw materials of the solar and wind
power generation derived from nature, and wind
power generation can work twenty-four hours a day,
solar power generation only works by daylight. In
addition, this kind of power generation has no
exhaust emission and there is no influence to the
nature. But it also has some shortcomings. Because
of the imperfect of the technology, equipment of the
solar and wind power generation is very expensive.
By far, it cannot be widely used.
In addition, solar and wind power
generation system affected by the changing of the
weather very much, so it has obvious defects in
reliability compared with fossil fuel, and it is difficult
to make it fit for practical use the lack of economical
efficiency .Because of these problems it needs to
increase the reliability of energy supply by
developing a system which interacts Solar and wind
energy. This kind of system is usually called windsolar
hybrid power generation system significantly
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...Yayah Zakaria
Based on exhaustive review of the state of the art of the electric generators fitted to Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), this study is focused on an innovative machine that is a Variable Reluctance Generator (VRG). Indeed, its simple and rugged structure (low cost), its high torque at low speed (gearless), its fault-tolerance (lowest maintenance), allow it to be a potential candidate for a small wind power application at variable wind
speed. For better accuracy, a finite element model of a studied doubly salient VRG is developed using open source software FEMM to identify the electromagnetic characteristics such as linkage flux, torque or inductance versus rotor position and stator excitation. The obtained data are then transferred into look-up tables of MATLAB/Simulink to perform various simulations. Performance of the proposed wind power system is analyzed for several parameters and results are discussed.
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...IJECEIAES
Based on exhaustive review of the state of the art of the electric generators fitted to Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), this study is focused on an innovative machine that is a Variable Reluctance Generator (VRG). Indeed, its simple and rugged structure (low cost), its high torque at low speed (gearless), its fault-tolerance (lowest maintenance), allow it to be a potential candidate for a small wind power application at variable wind speed. For better accuracy, a finite element model of a studied doubly salient VRG is developed using open source software FEMM to identify the electromagnetic characteristics such as linkage flux, torque or inductance versus rotor position and stator excitation. The obtained data are then transferred into look-up tables of MATLAB/Simulink to perform various simulations. Performance of the proposed wind power system is analyzed for several parameters and results are discussed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance analysis of wind turbine as a distributed generation unit in dist...ijcsit
In this paper, the performance analysis of wind turbine as a distributed generation unit is presented. In this
study a model of wind power is driven by an induction machine. Wind power that is distributed generation
is capable of supplying power to ac power distribution network. Wind power generation system is modeled
and simulated using Matlab Simulink software such that it can be suitable for modeling some kind of
induction generator configurations. To analyze more deeply the performance of the wind turbine system,
both normal and fault conditions scenarios have been applied. Simulation results prove the excellent
performance of the wind power unit under normal and fault conditions in the power distribution system.
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, i...IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filterEditorJST
Injection of power generated by the wind turbine system into an electric grid mainly effects the power quality. The performance of this wind turbine and its power quality is determined on the basis of its measurement of power ratings as per IEEE standards. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation. To mitigate the power quality problems this paper proposes the shunt compensator techniques. Here, the proposed system is verified experimentally using both STATCOM and TSC compensators. This control schemes for grid connected wind energy system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink.
Dynamic Modeling of Autonomous Wind–diesel system with Fixed-speed Wind TurbineIJAPEJOURNAL
Wind turbines have often connected to small power systems, operating in parallel to diesel generators, as is typically the case in autonomous wind–diesel installations or small island systems with high wind potential. Hence, the modeling and analysis of the dynamic behavior of wind–diesel power systems in presence of wind power will be important. In this paper, the system under study is modeled by a set of dynamic and algebraic equations (DAE). Dynamic behavior of a wind-diesel system is investigated by the proposed dynamic model. Wind-diesel system consists of wind turbines that are connected to synchronous diesel generator via short transmission line with local load. Dynamic stability of autonomous wind–diesel systems are discussed with emphasis on the eigenvalue analysis and the effective parameters on system stability. In this regards, saddle node bifurcation and hopf bifurcation are also investigated.
Modeling of Wind Energy on Isolated AreaIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, a model of the wind turbine (WT) with permanent magnet generator (PMSG) and its associated controllers is presented. The increase of wind power penetration in power systems has meant that conventional power plants are gradually being replaced by wind farms. In fact, today wind farms are required to actively participate in power system operation in the same way as conventional power plants. In fact, power system operators have revised the grid connection requirements for wind turbines and wind farms and now demand that these installations be able to carry out more or less the same control tasks as conventional power plants. For dynamic power system simulations, the PMSG wind turbine model includes an aerodynamic rotor model, a lumped mass representation of the drive train system and generator model. In this paper we propose a model with an implementation in MATLAB / Simulink, each of the system components off-grid small wind turbines.
Wind Turbine Generator Tied To Grid Using Inverter Techniques and Its DesignsIJSRD
This paper proposes a method of using small sizes WTG of 300W low capacity turbine in small grid channel with inverter techniques. Power can be fed directly to grid by improving durability and eliminating battery usage, using WTG inverter technique. The proposed wind tied with grid by PMG includes boost converter and three phase inverter. For tracking wind speed with variations of wind power MPPT method is used. Interleaving technique is adopted for different frequency variables to improve power capacity. Final result proves WTG helps in improving wind power application as shown in simulation result.
This paper presents the modeling and simulation of wind energy Conversion System using the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The objectives are: to extract the maximum power of the wind speed by controlling the electromagnetic torque of the PMSG, to maintain constant the DC-link voltage despite the wind speed variations and to attain the unity power factor. In order to ensure a regulation with high performance and a good robustness against the internal and the external disturbances, a new control strategy called the Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is used. Therefore, the Analysis and simulation of the ADRC and PI controllers are developed with MATLAB/Simulink software. The performance of these controllers is compared in term of references tracking, robustness and grid faults.
Wind Energy Conversion Based On Matrix ConverterIAES-IJPEDS
In recent years renewable sources such as solar, wave and wind are used for the generation of electricity. Wind is one of the major renewable sources. The amount of energy from a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) depends not only on the wind at the site, but also on the control strategy used for the WECS. In assistance to get the appropriate wind energy from the conversion system, wind turbine generator will be run in variable speed mode. The variable speed capability is achieved through the use of an advanced power electronic converter. Fixed speed wind turbines and induction generators are often used in wind farms. But the limitations of such generators are low efficiency and poor power quality which necessitates the variable speed wind turbine generators such as Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). A high-performance configuration can be obtained by using a PMSG and a converter in combination AC-DC-AC connect between stator & rotor points for providing the required variable speed operation.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WIND TURBINE IN GRID-OFF SYSTEM Mellah Hacene
Abstract
This paper deals with the construction of a mathematical model of a wind turbine, which is one of the sources in the Grid-Off
system.
Keywords: mathematical model, wind turbine, Grid-Off system, electric generator, wind conditions.
1 Introduction
As one of the power sources of the Grid-Off system is a wind turbine. It is advantageous to work with a
mathematical model for the need of experimental research. In Fig. 1 is a schematic connection of a wind turbine
to a container, which is a Grid-Off system. [1-4]
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
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Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
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Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Similar to Modeling and Analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Using Matlab (20)
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
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COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
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When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
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Modeling and Analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Using Matlab
1. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 8, Issue 2 (Nov. - Dec. 2013), PP 47-56
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 47 | Page
Modeling and Analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems
Using Matlab
P.Kumar*, A.Vinoth Kumar
Power Systems Division, Assistant Professor DEEE, P.A. College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi
Power Electronics and Drives, Assistant Professor DEEE, P.A. College of Engineering and Technology,
Pollachi
Abstract: This paper presents modeling and analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) using
MATLAB version R2009a. This paper gives the modeling of the various components wind turbine, generator,
controller system, rectifier-inverter, battery, other load equipments including transformer and grid that together
form the Wind Energy Conversion system. A test case for the Wind Energy Conversion System has been formed
with the aid of the MATLAB version R2009a and also the suggest the ways of improving the stability of the Wind
Energy Conversion System (WECS) on interface with the grid.
Keywords: Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), wind turbine, generator, controller system, rectifier-
inverter, transformer, grid.
I. Introduction
The conventional energy sources such as coal, fossil fuels have greater impact on the environment.
Futher with the present day scenario the fossil fuels are getting depleted at a faster rate and the energy reserves
may last only for few years. In order to meet the growing energy demand and to protect the environment, the
need of the hour is to look in for the renewable energy sources. Wind is one of the promising energy sources
that serve to meet the growing energy demand. The growing concern about the emissions from the fossil fuel
generation and increased government support has helped flourish wind power installation in India and abroad.
Provisions of incentives instituted by the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) have made the wind
electricity competitive in India.The need of energy generation, the potential and the technological capacity were
the reasons to foster the emergence of wind energy.
Wind is air in motion and this energy is derived from solar energy. Wind in general is produced by the
uneven solar heating of the earth’s atmosphere. The kinetic energy of the wind is used to impart rotational
motion to the wind turbine. The shaft of the wind turbine is coupled to the shaft of the electric generator. The
electric generator can provide power over a region acting as standalone or providing power to the grid.
The Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) can be used in two ways. The first being isolated
standalone system employed to cater the needs of small townships or small scale industries located at far off
places. Usually these systems are set up with the objective to avoid transmission costs over long distances. The
second being Grid connected system where emphasis is provided on integration of renewable energy systems
into the grid, which leads to increased energy efficiency, robustness of the system, voltage support,
diversification of energy sources, reduced transmission and distribution losses and reliability of the system.
II. Variable-Speed And Constant- Speed Wind Turbines
A major distinction in the wind turbines includes variable and constant speed wind turbines i.e. the
rotor is allowed to run at variable speed or constrained to operate at constant speed. The constant speed wind
turbines allow the use of simple generators whose speed is fixed by the frequency of the electrical system.
Although the power electronics needed for variable speed wind turbines are more expensive, this type of
turbines can spend more time operating at maximum aerodynamic efficiency than constant speed turbines. This
can be seen clearly if the performance coefficient, pC of a wind turbine is plotted against the tip speed ratio, .
The tip speed ratio, , is defined as the ratio between the speed of the tips of the blades of the wind
turbine and the speed of the wind.
R
wind
tip .
(1)
where is the blades angular velocity (rad/s), R the rotor radius (m) and the wind speed (m/s).
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The coefficient of performance, pC , is defined as the fraction of energy extracted by the wind turbine
of the total energy that would have flowed through the area swept by the rotor if the turbine had not been there.
wind
extracted
p
P
P
C (2)
The coefficient of performance pC has a theoretical optimum of 0.59.Only a portion of the power in the wind
can be converted to useful energy by wind turbine. The power available for a wind turbine is equal to the change
in kinetic energy of the air as it passes through the rotor. This maximum theoretical pC was formulated in 1919
by Betz and applies to all types of wind turbines.
A typical pC vs characteristics is depicted in the figure.1.The figure.1 represents the characteristics
of coefficient of performance, pC versus tip speed ratio, .From figure.1 we infer that maximum value of
pC i.e. 0.5 is achieved for a tip speed ratio of 10 and pitch angle of 0. For a fixed-speed wind turbine, where ω
is constant, this corresponds to a particular wind speed. For all other wind speeds the efficiency of the turbine is
reduced. The aim of variable-speed wind turbines is to always run at optimal efficiency, keeping constant the
particular λ that corresponds to the maximum pC , by adapting the blades velocity to the wind speed changes.
Hence, variable speed wind turbines are designed to operate at optimum energy efficiency, regardless of the
wind speed.
On the other hand, due to the fixed-speed operation for constant speed turbines, all fluctuations in the
wind speed are transmitted as fluctuations in the mechanical torque and then as fluctuations in the electrical
power grid. This together with the increased energy capture obtained by using a variable-speed wind turbine
provides enough benefit to make the power electronics cost effective .Therefore, the wind industry trend is to
design and construct variable-speed wind turbines.
Fig.1 pC vs characteristics
The figure.2 depicts the characteristics of the pCP ,, versus the wind speed of a typical wind energy
conversion system
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Fig.2 ,P , pC vs wind speed characteristics
III. Modeling Of Wind Energy Conversion System
The kinetic energy in a flow of air through a unit area perpendicular to the wind direction is
2
.
2
1
per
mass flow rate. For an air stream flowing through an area A the mass flow rate is ..A ,therefore the power in
the wind is given by,
(P ..A ).
2
.
2
1
= .
2
1 3
.. A (3)
where,
is the air density (
3
/ mkg )
A the area (
2
m )
the wind speed ( sm/ )
P the power of the wind ( watts or sJ / )
A typical wind energy conversion system is represented in the figure.3.
Fig.3 A typical wind energy conversion system
The wind turbine model, consisting of the rotor aerodynamics, drive train and electrical generator
model represented in the figure.3
3.1 MODELLING OF THE BLADES
The wind turbine blades extract the kinetic energy in the wind and transform it into mechanical energy.
The kinetic energy in air of an object of mass m moving with speed v is given by
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2
..
2
1
vmE (4)
The power in the moving air (assuming constant speed velocity) is equal to
dt
dE
Pw
2
..
2
1
vm (5)
where m is the mass flow rate per second. When the air passes across an area A swept by the rotor
blades, the power in the air can be computed using (3).
The power extracted from the wind is given by
3
...
2
1
).,().,( ACPCP pwpBLADE (6)
The power factor has a maximum theoretical value 593.0pC .The rotor power coefficient is usually given
as a function of two parameters: the tip-speed ratio and the blade pitch angle (in degrees).
The blade pitch angle is defined as the angle between the plane of rotation and the blade cross-
section chord.
The rotor torque wT can be computed using the expression
m
p
m
BLADE
w
ACP
T
3
..).,().2/1(
(7)
The area covered by the blades is given by
2
.RA (8)
substituting Eq.(8) in Eq.(7)
3
2
.
.).,(.).2/1(
m
p
w
RC
T (9)
The power coefficient pC can be defined as a function of the tip-speed ratio and the blade pitch angle as follows
1
.
54321
6
)..
1
..(),(
c
x
p ecccccC
(10)
with defined as
3
1
035.0
08.0
11
(11)
where the constant values 61 cc are given as .21,5,0,4.0,116,5.0 654321 cccccc
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3.2 MODELLING OF THE DRIVE TRAIN
Fig.4 Drive train dynamics
The equation of motion of the induction generator is given by
n
T
T
dt
d
H m
e
g
g
. (12)
The mechanical torque mT can be modeled with the following equation
n
D
n
KT
mg
m
.. (13)
mg
dt
d
(14)
where
n is the gear ratio
is the angle between the turbine rotor and the generator rotor
m is the turbine speed
g is the generator rotor speed
gm HH , are the inertia constants of turbine and generator respectively
K is the drive train stiffness
D is the damping constant
wT is the torque provided by wind
eT is the electromagnetic torque.
3.3 MODELLING OF THE ASYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
The modelling of the asynchronous generator plays an important role in the design of the wind energy
conversion system. The asynchronous generator has three phase stator armature winding ),,( sss CBA and a
three phase rotor winding ),,( RRR CBA as shown in the figure below.
The mathematical model of an asynchronous generator for power system analysis is usually based on
the following assumptions
1. The stator currents are positive when flowing towards the network
2. The real and reactive power are positive when fed into grid.
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Fig.5 windings in the asynchronous generator
3. The stator and rotor windings are placed sinusoidally along the air-gap as far as the mutual effect with the
rotor is concerned.
4. The stator slots cause no appreciable variations of the stator inductances with rotor position.
5. The rotor slots cause no appreciable variations of the stator inductances with rotor position.
6. Magnetic hysteresis and saturation effects are negligible.
7. The stator and rotor windings are symmetrical.
8. The capacitance of all the windings are neglected.
The set of equations of the asynchronous generator model is usually converted into a model related to an
arbitrarily set reference frame called odq reference frame model. The dq axis representation of induction
generator is used for simulation, taking flux linkage as basic variable. It is based on fifth-order two axis
representations. Mathematical transformations are used in the analysis and simulation of three-phase systems,
mostly to decouple variables, to facilitate the solution of difficult equations with time-varying coefficients.
Park’s transformation decouples and rotates the stator variables into a dq reference frame. The positive d-axis
of the dq frame is aligned with the magnetic axis of the field winding, that of the positive q-axis is ahead in the
direction of rotation or lead the positive d-axis by .
2
ds and qs correspond to stator direct and quadrature
axes.dr and qr correspond to rotor direct and quadrature axes.
For power system transient studies, the inclusion of the network transients and generator stator
transients increases the overall system model, thus limiting the size of the system that can be simulated.
Furthermore, a small time step is required for numerical integration resulting in an increased computational
time. For these reasons, it has become conventional to reduce the order of the generator and neglect the network
transients for stability analysis. A standard method of reducing the order of the induction generator model was
considered where the rate of change of stator flux linkage is neglected.
To be able to simulate the induction generator and wind generation system, an equation
relating qsds VV , , the stator direct and quadrature axis voltages and qsds II , ,the stator direct and quadrature
axis currents is required. The complete model of an asynchronous generator, expressed in a odq reference
frame rotating at synchronous speed and taking positive currents going out from the machine consists of the
following equations.
drmdssds IXIX .. (15)
qrmqssqs IXIX .. (16)
dsmdrrdr IXIX .. (17)
qsmqrrqr IXIX .. (18)
Equations (15),(16),(17),(18) represent the flux linkage equations on direct axis and quadrature axis
respectively.
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qssdssds IRV .. (19)
dssqssqs IRV .. (20)
dt
d
sIR dr
qrsdrr
...0 (21)
dt
d
sIR
qr
drsqrr
...0 (22)
Equations (19),(20),(21),(22) represent the voltage equations on direct axis and quadrature axis respectively.
The electrical parameters of the machine rrmss XRXXR ,,,, stand for the stator resistance and
reactance, mutual reactance and rotor resistance and reactance respectively.
The slip of the rotor is defined as follows,
s
gs
s
(23)
The electrical torque is given by
qrdrdrqre IIT .. (24)
The developed torque is positive for motoring operation and negative for generation operation.
The wind turbine active, reactive and apparent power output are given by the following equations
qsqsdsdsactive IVIVP .. (25)
qsdsdsqsreactive IVIVQ .. (26)
reactiveactive QPS
S qsqsdsds IVIV .. + qsdsdsqs IVIV .. (27)
In order to reduce the overall system model and to reduce the computational time involved, the system
is modelled with the order of the generator is reduced and the network transients are neglected for stability
studies.
IV. Simulation And Results
Fig.6 Wind Energy Conversion System Model
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The figure 6 gives the complete model of the wind energy conversion system model formulated in
MATLAB version R2009a.The simulation of the wind energy conversion system before and after interfacing
with the utility grid is represented in the figures 7 and 8 respectively.
Fig.7 WECS simulation before grid interfacing
Fig.8 WECS simulation after grid interfacing
From figure 7 we observe before the interface of the wind energy conversion system with grid, the
utility grid voltage abcV and current abcI remains sinusoidal without any disturbances in abcV and
abcI respectively.
From figure 8 we observe after the interface of wind energy conversion system with the grid, the utility
grid voltage abcV remains unaffected but considerable disturbances are observed in the grid current
abcI .These disturbances generally arises due to variable nature of the wind.Inorder to improve the stability of
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wind energy conversion system on interface with the grid the stability of the wind energy conversion system has
to be improved.
For the analysis of the stability and the dynamic performance of the wind energy conversion system a
detailed model of the wind energy conversion system has been formed in MATLAB R2009a.The model is
depicted in the figure 9
Fig.9 Detailed model of Wind Energy Conversion System
The detailed model includes the detailed representation of power electronic IGBT converters.Inorder to
achieve an acceptable accuracy with 1620 Hz and 2700 Hz switching frequencies the model must be discretized
at a relatively small time step(5 micro seconds).This model is well suited for observing harmonics and control
system dynamic performance over relatively short periods of time.
A 9 MW wind farm consisting of six 1.5 MW wind turbines connected to a 25 kV distribution system
exports power to a 120 kV grid through a 30 km, 25 kV feeder. Wind turbines using a doubly-fed induction
generator (DFIG) consist of a wound rotor induction generator and an AC/DC/AC IGBT-based PWM converter.
The stator winding is connected directly to the 60 Hz grid while the rotor is fed at variable frequency through
the AC/DC/AC converter. The DFIG technology allows extracting maximum energy from the wind for low
wind speeds by optimizing the turbine speed, while minimizing mechanical stresses on the turbine during gusts
of wind.
Fig.10 Simulation results of detailed model of Wind Energy Conversion System
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In this model the wind speed is maintained constant at 15 m/s. The control system uses a torque
controller in order to maintain the speed at 1.2 pu. The reactive power produced by the wind turbine is regulated
at 0 Mvar.This model is used to analyse the steady-state operation of the DFIG and its dynamic response to
voltage sag resulting from a remote fault on the 120-kV system.
The simulation results are provided in figure 10.From the simulation results we observe the DFIG wind
farm produces 9 MW.The corresponding turbine speed is 1.2 p.u. of generator synchronous speed .The DC
voltage is regulated at 1150 V and the reactive power is kept at 0 Mvar.At t=0.03s the positive-sequence voltage
suddenly drops to 0.5 p.u. causing an oscillation on the DC bus voltage and on the DFIG output power. During
the voltage sag the control system tries to regulate DC voltage and reactive power at their set points (1150 V,0
Mvar).The system recovers in approximately 4 cycles.
V. Conclusion
This paper gives a detailed modelling of the wind energy conversion systems and the impacts of
interfacing the wind energy conversion system with the grid. From the simulation results we infer that
considerable harmonics in the current are observed on interface of the wind energy conversion system with the
grid. However these harmonics can be reduced by employing control system with torque controller for speed
regulation and voltage regulator for voltage regulation. A MATLAB version R2009a demo model is taken for
analysis of wind energy conversion system. The test results from analysis of wind energy conversion system
indicates that design of control system with suitable torque controller and voltage regulator can improve the
performance of wind energy conversion systems under the fault conditions.
VI. Scope Of Future Work
This work could be extended for future research by the design of control system with different
controllers and by making analysis of its performance under various fault conditions.
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