This document discusses a study on the effectiveness of implementing a pneumatic transport system (PTS) at a large tertiary care hospital in India. The study found that using a PTS saves significant time and manpower compared to the previous human-based transport system. Specifically, the PTS reduced the total time taken for sample transportation and reporting results by 94.6 minutes on average. While PTS provides benefits like faster transport and reduced errors, the study also noted higher installation costs for existing hospital structures. Overall, the study concludes that PTS is an effective alternative to human transport, especially for new hospital planning, though retrofitting can be more expensive.
Pneumatic tube system Presentation Hospital - full 97-2003Gour. C Chakraborty
This document provides information about Telecom Tube Systems, a company that specializes in pneumatic tube systems for hospitals. It discusses the company's history and approach to designing systems for healthcare facilities. The document also provides an overview of pneumatic tube system components, including control systems, stations, carriers, tubes, diverters and blowers. It describes specialized solutions like automated laboratory and pharmacy systems.
This document summarizes information about pneumatic tube systems (PTS) used for transporting laboratory samples and medical supplies within hospitals. It provides details about the components, operation, and applications of PTS. It also reviews several studies that have evaluated the impact of PTS transportation on various laboratory tests and sample quality, finding that PTS transportation does not significantly affect most tests as long as proper containers and protocols are used. The document concludes that PTS can improve turnaround times and reduce costs while being a generally safe method for intra-hospital transportation.
1) The study investigated the influence of branding on higher educational institutions in India. Questionnaires were distributed to students at 26 engineering institutions to understand the impact of various branding dimensions.
2) The findings showed that brand rating was statistically significantly influenced by the branding dimensions of service, innovation, quality, price, image, and external exposure. External exposure had the strongest influence on brand rating.
3) A regression analysis confirmed that all the branding dimensions, including service, innovation, quality, price, image, and external exposure, had a statistically significant impact on an institution's overall brand rating as perceived by students.
This document summarizes a study on traffic safety and the public transport system in Hyderabad, India. It finds that buses are involved in approximately 12% of fatal crashes in Hyderabad. Low-floor buses with mechanical doors and segregated lanes for pedestrians and bicyclists could significantly reduce fatal crashes involving buses and vulnerable road users. The study analyzed traffic fatality data in Hyderabad and other major Indian cities and found that buses, pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorcyclists account for the majority of road fatalities.
Efficient Design of Transceiver for Wireless Body Area NetworksIOSR Journals
This document describes the efficient design of a transceiver for wireless body area networks (WBANs). It proposes a low-power and low-complexity baseband transceiver specification with a digital timing synchronization scheme. The transceiver uses frequency-shift keying modulation and includes transmitter and receiver baseband modules. The transmitter module encodes and processes data for transmission, while the receiver module recovers timing and data from the received signal. Simulation results show the transceiver achieves ultra-low power consumption of 58mW for transmission and 59mW for reception at 4MHz operation.
A* search is an algorithm that finds the shortest path between a starting node and a goal node. It uses a heuristic function to determine the order in which it explores nodes. The heuristic estimates the cost to get from each node to the goal. A* search explores nodes with the lowest total cost, which is the cost to reach the node plus the heuristic estimate to reach the goal from that node. A* search is admissible and optimal if the heuristic is admissible, meaning it never overestimates the actual cost. While efficient, A* search can require significant memory for large search problems. Future work could apply A* search techniques to pathfinding for robots.
Application of Data Mining Technique in Invasion RecognitionIOSR Journals
This document discusses applying data mining techniques to network intrusion detection. It begins by introducing traditional intrusion detection methods and their limitations. It then establishes a data mining-based model for intrusion detection that is designed to address these limitations. The model collects network data, preprocesses it, applies data mining algorithms to extract patterns, and uses the patterns to detect intrusions. This allows detection of both known and unknown intrusion types while reducing false alarms and missed detections compared to traditional methods. Key aspects of the proposed system include data acquisition, preprocessing, pattern extraction using various data mining algorithms, and intrusion detection based on the extracted patterns.
Electronic Load Controller for Self Exited Induction Generator Using Fuzzy Lo...IOSR Journals
This document describes a simulation of an electronic load controller (ELC) for a self-excited induction generator (SEIG) using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). SEIGs are well-suited for distributed generation but have variable voltage regulation that depends on load conditions. The proposed ELC uses a diode rectifier and IGBT chopper with a resistive dump load to maintain constant voltage and frequency at the SEIG terminals despite varying consumer load. A FLC is developed with error and change in error as inputs and duty cycle as the output to control the chopper. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show the ELC with FLC maintains constant generator power, frequency and speed with changes in consumer load
Pneumatic tube system Presentation Hospital - full 97-2003Gour. C Chakraborty
This document provides information about Telecom Tube Systems, a company that specializes in pneumatic tube systems for hospitals. It discusses the company's history and approach to designing systems for healthcare facilities. The document also provides an overview of pneumatic tube system components, including control systems, stations, carriers, tubes, diverters and blowers. It describes specialized solutions like automated laboratory and pharmacy systems.
This document summarizes information about pneumatic tube systems (PTS) used for transporting laboratory samples and medical supplies within hospitals. It provides details about the components, operation, and applications of PTS. It also reviews several studies that have evaluated the impact of PTS transportation on various laboratory tests and sample quality, finding that PTS transportation does not significantly affect most tests as long as proper containers and protocols are used. The document concludes that PTS can improve turnaround times and reduce costs while being a generally safe method for intra-hospital transportation.
1) The study investigated the influence of branding on higher educational institutions in India. Questionnaires were distributed to students at 26 engineering institutions to understand the impact of various branding dimensions.
2) The findings showed that brand rating was statistically significantly influenced by the branding dimensions of service, innovation, quality, price, image, and external exposure. External exposure had the strongest influence on brand rating.
3) A regression analysis confirmed that all the branding dimensions, including service, innovation, quality, price, image, and external exposure, had a statistically significant impact on an institution's overall brand rating as perceived by students.
This document summarizes a study on traffic safety and the public transport system in Hyderabad, India. It finds that buses are involved in approximately 12% of fatal crashes in Hyderabad. Low-floor buses with mechanical doors and segregated lanes for pedestrians and bicyclists could significantly reduce fatal crashes involving buses and vulnerable road users. The study analyzed traffic fatality data in Hyderabad and other major Indian cities and found that buses, pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorcyclists account for the majority of road fatalities.
Efficient Design of Transceiver for Wireless Body Area NetworksIOSR Journals
This document describes the efficient design of a transceiver for wireless body area networks (WBANs). It proposes a low-power and low-complexity baseband transceiver specification with a digital timing synchronization scheme. The transceiver uses frequency-shift keying modulation and includes transmitter and receiver baseband modules. The transmitter module encodes and processes data for transmission, while the receiver module recovers timing and data from the received signal. Simulation results show the transceiver achieves ultra-low power consumption of 58mW for transmission and 59mW for reception at 4MHz operation.
A* search is an algorithm that finds the shortest path between a starting node and a goal node. It uses a heuristic function to determine the order in which it explores nodes. The heuristic estimates the cost to get from each node to the goal. A* search explores nodes with the lowest total cost, which is the cost to reach the node plus the heuristic estimate to reach the goal from that node. A* search is admissible and optimal if the heuristic is admissible, meaning it never overestimates the actual cost. While efficient, A* search can require significant memory for large search problems. Future work could apply A* search techniques to pathfinding for robots.
Application of Data Mining Technique in Invasion RecognitionIOSR Journals
This document discusses applying data mining techniques to network intrusion detection. It begins by introducing traditional intrusion detection methods and their limitations. It then establishes a data mining-based model for intrusion detection that is designed to address these limitations. The model collects network data, preprocesses it, applies data mining algorithms to extract patterns, and uses the patterns to detect intrusions. This allows detection of both known and unknown intrusion types while reducing false alarms and missed detections compared to traditional methods. Key aspects of the proposed system include data acquisition, preprocessing, pattern extraction using various data mining algorithms, and intrusion detection based on the extracted patterns.
Electronic Load Controller for Self Exited Induction Generator Using Fuzzy Lo...IOSR Journals
This document describes a simulation of an electronic load controller (ELC) for a self-excited induction generator (SEIG) using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). SEIGs are well-suited for distributed generation but have variable voltage regulation that depends on load conditions. The proposed ELC uses a diode rectifier and IGBT chopper with a resistive dump load to maintain constant voltage and frequency at the SEIG terminals despite varying consumer load. A FLC is developed with error and change in error as inputs and duty cycle as the output to control the chopper. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show the ELC with FLC maintains constant generator power, frequency and speed with changes in consumer load
This document discusses using hand gestures to control swarm robots. It describes detecting hands using skin color tracking and extracting features from hands using Gabor filters. Gestures are recognized by comparing features to a database. The swarm robots communicate using Bluetooth to reach consensus on recognized gestures and navigate accordingly. The system was implemented using foot-bot robots with a webcam for input and motors/sensors for movement and communication. The approach aims to allow effective control of swarm robots through robust gesture recognition that handles noise and environments.
This document summarizes research on injecting black hole and wormhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It provides background on MANETs and discusses their vulnerabilities to security attacks due to open wireless medium and dynamic topology. The document then describes how the researchers implemented black hole and wormhole attacks against the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol using the NS-2 network simulator. The simulation results showed that both attacks decreased network performance by reducing throughput and increasing packet loss. The research highlighted security as an ongoing challenge for MANET routing protocols.
New and Unconventional Techniques in Pictorial Steganography and SteganalysisIOSR Journals
1. The document discusses new and unconventional techniques in pictorial steganography and steganalysis. It introduces MPSteg-color, a new steganographic technique that hides messages in color image coefficients obtained through image decomposition, making the messages harder for steganalysts to detect.
2. The document also proposes a methodology for comparing different steganalysis techniques. An empirical evaluation of four steganalysis algorithms showed that their performance is highly dependent on the training and testing images used.
3. Two targeted steganalysis techniques designed to detect messages hidden using MPSteg-color are also introduced. One detects blocking artifacts introduced during embedding, while the other analyzes histograms of the decomposition
This document summarizes a study on the antimicrobial activity of various fern species found in Darjeeling, India. Five fern species were found to have antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: Athyrium filix-femina, Dicranopteris linearis, Tectaria impressa, Hypolepis punctata, and Pleopeltis macromarpa. Ethanol extracts of these five species were tested against Bacillus megaterium and E. coli bacteria using the agar cup diffusion method. Dicranopteris linearis and Tectaria impressa showed similar activity against both types of bacteria. Athyrium filix-femina was more effective
Study of Boron Based Superconductivity and Effect of High Temperature Cuprate...IOSR Journals
This paper illustrates the main normal and Boron superconducting state temperature properties of magnesium diboride, a substance known since early 1950's, but lately graded to be superconductive at a remarkably high critical temperature Tc=40K for a binary synthesis. What makes MgB2 so special? Its high Tc, simple crystal construction, large coherence lengths, high serious current densities and fields, lucidity of surface boundaries to current promises that MgB2 will be a good material for both large scale applications and electronic devices. Throughout the last seven month, MgB2 has been fabricated in various shape, bulk, single crystals, thin films, ribbons and wires. The largest critical current densities >10MA/cm2 and critical fields 40T are achieved for thin films. The anisotropy attribution inferred from upper critical field measurements is still to be resolved, a wide range of values being reported, γ = 1.2 ÷ 9. Also there is no consensus about the existence of a single anisotropic or double energy cavity. One central issue is whether or not MgB2 represents a new class of superconductors, being the tip of an iceberg that waits to be discovered. Until now MgB2 holds the record of the highest Tc among simple binary synthesis. However, the discovery of superconductivity in MgB2 revived the interest in non-oxides and initiated a search for superconductivity in related materials, several synthesis being already announced to become superconductive: TaB2, BeB2.75, C-S composites, and the elemental B under pressure.
The Role of IL-17, Metaphase Reactants on Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arth...IOSR Journals
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represents the most common form of chronic inflammatory joint disease leading to cartilage and bone destruction, It affects approximately 1-2 % of world’s population. The inflammatory process causes diffuse thickening and hyperplasia of the joint Interleukin (IL)-17 is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine produced from Th17 cells. IL-17A is the prototypic member belonging to a family of 6 ranging from IL-17A to IL-17F. IL-17A mediates its biological effects through binding to a receptor complex consisting of IL-17RCA and IL-17RCC subunits.
Objective. To assess the role of IL-17 on the disease process of Rheumatoid arthritis and the effects on the trace elements such as Zinc, copper , Magnesium.
Subjects and method: A total of 60 patients with early Rheumatoid Arthritis were studied. Their ages ranged from 20-52 years with a mean age of ( 39.3 ± 9.01)years. , while the range was between (20-51) years and the mean was (37.5 ± 8.6) years for healthy control non significant difference P > 0.4 with no complaint of other chronic or systemic diseases were considered as control. the samples were collected during period from ( December 2012 – july 2013 ). the mean disease duration of RA was (3.27±1.2) month. Blood samples were collected from patients and controls to assess Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and serum levels of White blood cells ( WBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Interleukin-17A and were estimated by agglutination test, and IL-17A was estimated by (ELIZA).
On The Effect of Perturbations, Radiation and Triaxiality on the Stability of...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper that studied the effect of perturbations, radiation, and triaxiality on the stability of triangular libration points in the restricted three-body problem. The paper established equations of motion that account for small perturbations in coriolis and centrifugal forces when the larger primary is a triaxial rigid body and the smaller primary emits radiation. It was found that these factors affect the libration points and the critical mass value for stability. The work generalizes prior equations of motion to include these additional influences on the restricted three-body problem.
Solving Age-old Transportation Problems by Nonlinear Programming methodsIOSR Journals
This document discusses solving transportation problems using nonlinear programming methods. It begins by providing background on the historical development of transportation from ancient times to modern innovations. It then describes how linear programming formulations can be used to solve traditional transportation problems by minimizing costs. However, in practice transportation costs are often nonlinear due to volume discounts. The document proposes using nonlinear programming approaches like Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions to solve transportation problems with nonlinear cost functions. It provides an example problem demonstrating how to formulate and solve a nonlinear transportation problem to minimize total costs of transporting a product across a river and the associated container costs.
A Literature Review on Iris Segmentation Techniques for Iris Recognition SystemsIOSR Journals
This document reviews various techniques for iris segmentation in iris recognition systems. It discusses 8 techniques: (1) Integrodifferential operator, (2) Hough transform, (3) Masek method, (4) Fuzzy clustering algorithm, (5) Pulling and Pushing method, (6) Eight-neighbor connection based clustering, (7) Segmentation approach based on Fourier spectral density, and (8) Circular Gabor Filter. Each technique achieves some level of segmentation accuracy but also has disadvantages like high computational time, low accuracy, or poor performance on noisy images. The document concludes that a unified framework approach provides the highest overall segmentation accuracy for robustly segmenting iris images.
The document summarizes the development of a new web browser called JAN browser. It aims to provide more efficient and secure internet usage compared to existing browsers. Key features include speed dialing tabs to quickly access frequently used websites organized by topic, a virtual keyboard for secure password entry that shuffles keys to prevent hacking, and user login for security. The browser was developed using .NET for the front-end and SQL for the back-end database. Experimental results demonstrate the speed dialing, new tabs/windows, and virtual keyboard functions. The goal of JAN browser is to satisfy users by making resource searching more efficient, user-friendly, secure, and time-saving.
This study reviewed 50 inflammatory soft tissue lesions surgically removed and diagnosed histologically over a 30-year period from 1978-2007 at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Onchocerciasis accounted for 60% of the lesions, followed by histoplasmosis at 20%. Other identified conditions included mycetoma, molluscum contagiosum, tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, rhinoscleroma, and blastomycosis. The lesions presented most commonly in children and young adults aged 5-15 years. Onchocercal nodules were widely distributed but predominantly in the chest wall. Histoplasmosis lesions were found in the clavicle, shoulder, ankle,
The effect of Encryption algorithms Delay on TCP Traffic over data networksIOSR Journals
This document discusses the effect of encryption delay on TCP traffic over data networks. It presents results from simulations of four scenarios: 1) no encryption, 2) low encryption delay of 0.02ms, 3) medium encryption delay of 0.04ms, and 4) high encryption delay of 0.05ms. The results show that TCP delay, segment delay, end-to-end delay, and connection delay all increase as the encryption delay increases. Therefore, encryption delays can negatively impact network performance and congestion if not properly balanced with encryption algorithm complexity. Faster encryption algorithms should be used when network performance is prioritized over security.
The document summarizes several improved algorithms that aim to address the drawbacks of the Apriori algorithm for association rule mining. It discusses six different approaches: 1) An intersection and record filter approach that counts candidate support only in transactions of sufficient length and uses set intersection; 2) An approach using set size and frequency to prune insignificant candidates; 3) An approach that reduces the candidate set and memory usage by only searching frequent itemsets once to delete candidates; 4) A partitioning approach that divides the database; 5) An approach using vertical data format to reduce database scans; and 6) A distributed approach to parallelize the algorithm across machines.
Nasal Parameters of Ibibio and Yakurr Ethnic Groups of South South NigeriaIOSR Journals
The study involved 400 subjects, 200 each of the two ethnic groups(100 males and 100 females). The age range was 18-35years. Subjects with facial deformities or surgeries that involved the nasal region were excluded from the study. Subjects that have both parents and grandparents of each ethnic group and who have lived in that environment for at least the first 18years of their lifetime were selected for the study. The nasal length and width were measured using spreading calipers and nasal indices deducted from these measurements. Test for significance was done using the students’ t-test. Results showed the nasal indices of the Ibibio males and females to be 86.58±1.20 and 81.75±1.14 respectively and for the Yakurr males and females, it was 77.76±0.82 and 102.27±1.13 respectively. There was significant ethnic and gender differences in all the nasal parameters (nasal length, nasal width and nasal indices) at p<0.05. From the nasal indices the nose type of the Ibibio males is platyrrhine while that of the Ibibio females is mesorrhine, the Yakurr males also have mesorrhine nose type while the Yakurr females have platyrrhine nose type. With this result, nasal parameters could be a useful tool in gender and ethnic differentiation between the Ibibio and Yakurr ethnic groups.
Cryptographic Cloud Storage with Hadoop ImplementationIOSR Journals
This document proposes a scheme for cryptographic cloud storage using Hadoop implementation. It introduces parallel homomorphic encryption schemes that allow computation over encrypted data through an evaluation algorithm that can run efficiently in parallel. This allows a client to outsource function evaluation on private inputs to a Hadoop cluster while maintaining data confidentiality. The scheme uses erasure coding to distribute encrypted data across servers and generate verification tokens to check integrity and locate errors. It analyzes how Hadoop security can be enhanced using Kerberos authentication and capabilities to control data access. The proposed approach aims to efficiently ensure cloud data storage security, correctness, and availability.
Performance optimization of thermal systems in textile industriesIOSR Journals
Energy consumption has been growing very rapidly due to population growth, rapid urbanization
and industrial development. For future planning, it is important to know the current specific energy
consumption and the energy intensity in order to estimate future energy consumption. In the industrial sector
especially in textile units’ large amount of energy wasted due to improper working and lack of energy saving
measures. In this study, the various measures that causes the main energy losses are investigated .In the textile
dyeing sector, the main processes are associated with steam in various proportions. For the steam production,
steam boilers of different types are used for different applications. The efficiency of the boiler varies from one
industry to other based on various parameters such as quality of the water, fuel used, blow down quantity, etc.
Steam traps are also having influence on the boiler efficiency. In the case of steam leakage the performance of
the system decreases as the consumption of fuel increases to produce more steam. Thus by adopting various
recovery methods we can reduce the energy losses and fuel consumption.
Microscopic Image Analysis of Nanoparticles by Edge Detection Using Ant Colon...IOSR Journals
This document presents a method for analyzing nanoparticles using microscopic images through edge detection with Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). Initially, edges are extracted from images using various detectors and adaptive thresholding. Ants are placed at endpoint pixels and move between pixels probabilistically based on pheromone levels, connecting discontinuities. Results on cerium oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticle images show the ACO-improved edges better distinguish particles and determine sizes/shapes compared to conventional detectors alone.
This document describes the design, implementation, and testing of a 16-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) processor. The processor was implemented on a Xilinx XC3S400 field programmable gate array (FPGA) and has an instruction set of 8 instructions. The processor design includes a 5-stage pipeline with forwarding logic to handle data hazards and a modified datapath to handle control hazards from branches. Testing was done by writing sample assembly code to the instruction memory and observing the processor's operation via serial transmission of register values and other signals. The results demonstrated stalls from data dependencies and a one clock cycle branch delay as intended.
Gain Comparison between NIFTY and Selected Stocks identified by SOM using Tec...IOSR Journals
This document discusses a study that uses self-organizing maps (SOM) and technical indicators to identify stocks with potential for investment gains. The study selects stocks and compares their returns over 1.5 months to the NIFTY index. The stocks identified using SOM and technical indicators performed 37.14% better than the NIFTY index over that period. The document provides background on technical analysis indicators like RSI, MACD, and OBV that were used in the analysis. It also describes how SOM can be used to classify stocks based on technical indicator values and select stocks that closely match the properties of the best performing class.
High Performance Error Detection with Different Set Cyclic Codes for Memory A...IOSR Journals
The document presents a proposed error detection method using majority logic decoding with difference set cyclic codes. The proposed method can detect up to five bit errors in the first three decoding cycles, improving performance over traditional majority logic decoding approaches. It uses a control unit to evaluate parity check sums over the first three cycles, and can detect errors without fully decoding the codeword when no errors are found. This reduces decoding time compared to approaches that fully decode each codeword. The proposed method is also less complex than alternatives using syndrome calculation for error detection. Simulation results showed the proposed method can detect errors faster while using less memory and power than traditional approaches.
As information technology continues to open new pathways in clinical diagnostics and broaden how we measure and define success, lab directors must consider how IT can complement their investment in automation. In fact, automation and IT systems can no longer be regarded as separate laboratory solutions, but rather must be viewed as a single entity that exists to maximize input and output across the laboratory continuum. With automation serving to centralize testing and tube throughput and IT to aggregate and display testing data quickly and accurately, the benefits of the whole clearly become more important than the sum of its parts.
That is why it is paramount to research the availability and capabilities of an IT system that can enhance an automation solution. When automation and IT functionality combine, the closed-system loop provides seamless, total process management at a magnitude far greater than can be achieved by an automation solution that lacks adequate IT support.
This document discusses a cost-benefit analysis of using electronic health records (EHR) data for clinical research compared to current practices. It assesses the value of the Electronic Health Records for Clinical Research (EHR4CR) platform, which was developed to enable the reuse of EHR data for clinical research. The analysis models the costs of performing three clinical research scenarios (protocol feasibility assessment, patient identification for recruitment, and clinical study execution) using current practices and the EHR4CR platform. It estimates that the efficiency gains achieved with EHR4CR could accelerate time to market for new drugs. The expected benefits are estimated to be €161.5 million for protocol feasibility, €45.7 million for patient identification, and
This document discusses using hand gestures to control swarm robots. It describes detecting hands using skin color tracking and extracting features from hands using Gabor filters. Gestures are recognized by comparing features to a database. The swarm robots communicate using Bluetooth to reach consensus on recognized gestures and navigate accordingly. The system was implemented using foot-bot robots with a webcam for input and motors/sensors for movement and communication. The approach aims to allow effective control of swarm robots through robust gesture recognition that handles noise and environments.
This document summarizes research on injecting black hole and wormhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It provides background on MANETs and discusses their vulnerabilities to security attacks due to open wireless medium and dynamic topology. The document then describes how the researchers implemented black hole and wormhole attacks against the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol using the NS-2 network simulator. The simulation results showed that both attacks decreased network performance by reducing throughput and increasing packet loss. The research highlighted security as an ongoing challenge for MANET routing protocols.
New and Unconventional Techniques in Pictorial Steganography and SteganalysisIOSR Journals
1. The document discusses new and unconventional techniques in pictorial steganography and steganalysis. It introduces MPSteg-color, a new steganographic technique that hides messages in color image coefficients obtained through image decomposition, making the messages harder for steganalysts to detect.
2. The document also proposes a methodology for comparing different steganalysis techniques. An empirical evaluation of four steganalysis algorithms showed that their performance is highly dependent on the training and testing images used.
3. Two targeted steganalysis techniques designed to detect messages hidden using MPSteg-color are also introduced. One detects blocking artifacts introduced during embedding, while the other analyzes histograms of the decomposition
This document summarizes a study on the antimicrobial activity of various fern species found in Darjeeling, India. Five fern species were found to have antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: Athyrium filix-femina, Dicranopteris linearis, Tectaria impressa, Hypolepis punctata, and Pleopeltis macromarpa. Ethanol extracts of these five species were tested against Bacillus megaterium and E. coli bacteria using the agar cup diffusion method. Dicranopteris linearis and Tectaria impressa showed similar activity against both types of bacteria. Athyrium filix-femina was more effective
Study of Boron Based Superconductivity and Effect of High Temperature Cuprate...IOSR Journals
This paper illustrates the main normal and Boron superconducting state temperature properties of magnesium diboride, a substance known since early 1950's, but lately graded to be superconductive at a remarkably high critical temperature Tc=40K for a binary synthesis. What makes MgB2 so special? Its high Tc, simple crystal construction, large coherence lengths, high serious current densities and fields, lucidity of surface boundaries to current promises that MgB2 will be a good material for both large scale applications and electronic devices. Throughout the last seven month, MgB2 has been fabricated in various shape, bulk, single crystals, thin films, ribbons and wires. The largest critical current densities >10MA/cm2 and critical fields 40T are achieved for thin films. The anisotropy attribution inferred from upper critical field measurements is still to be resolved, a wide range of values being reported, γ = 1.2 ÷ 9. Also there is no consensus about the existence of a single anisotropic or double energy cavity. One central issue is whether or not MgB2 represents a new class of superconductors, being the tip of an iceberg that waits to be discovered. Until now MgB2 holds the record of the highest Tc among simple binary synthesis. However, the discovery of superconductivity in MgB2 revived the interest in non-oxides and initiated a search for superconductivity in related materials, several synthesis being already announced to become superconductive: TaB2, BeB2.75, C-S composites, and the elemental B under pressure.
The Role of IL-17, Metaphase Reactants on Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arth...IOSR Journals
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represents the most common form of chronic inflammatory joint disease leading to cartilage and bone destruction, It affects approximately 1-2 % of world’s population. The inflammatory process causes diffuse thickening and hyperplasia of the joint Interleukin (IL)-17 is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine produced from Th17 cells. IL-17A is the prototypic member belonging to a family of 6 ranging from IL-17A to IL-17F. IL-17A mediates its biological effects through binding to a receptor complex consisting of IL-17RCA and IL-17RCC subunits.
Objective. To assess the role of IL-17 on the disease process of Rheumatoid arthritis and the effects on the trace elements such as Zinc, copper , Magnesium.
Subjects and method: A total of 60 patients with early Rheumatoid Arthritis were studied. Their ages ranged from 20-52 years with a mean age of ( 39.3 ± 9.01)years. , while the range was between (20-51) years and the mean was (37.5 ± 8.6) years for healthy control non significant difference P > 0.4 with no complaint of other chronic or systemic diseases were considered as control. the samples were collected during period from ( December 2012 – july 2013 ). the mean disease duration of RA was (3.27±1.2) month. Blood samples were collected from patients and controls to assess Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and serum levels of White blood cells ( WBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Interleukin-17A and were estimated by agglutination test, and IL-17A was estimated by (ELIZA).
On The Effect of Perturbations, Radiation and Triaxiality on the Stability of...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper that studied the effect of perturbations, radiation, and triaxiality on the stability of triangular libration points in the restricted three-body problem. The paper established equations of motion that account for small perturbations in coriolis and centrifugal forces when the larger primary is a triaxial rigid body and the smaller primary emits radiation. It was found that these factors affect the libration points and the critical mass value for stability. The work generalizes prior equations of motion to include these additional influences on the restricted three-body problem.
Solving Age-old Transportation Problems by Nonlinear Programming methodsIOSR Journals
This document discusses solving transportation problems using nonlinear programming methods. It begins by providing background on the historical development of transportation from ancient times to modern innovations. It then describes how linear programming formulations can be used to solve traditional transportation problems by minimizing costs. However, in practice transportation costs are often nonlinear due to volume discounts. The document proposes using nonlinear programming approaches like Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions to solve transportation problems with nonlinear cost functions. It provides an example problem demonstrating how to formulate and solve a nonlinear transportation problem to minimize total costs of transporting a product across a river and the associated container costs.
A Literature Review on Iris Segmentation Techniques for Iris Recognition SystemsIOSR Journals
This document reviews various techniques for iris segmentation in iris recognition systems. It discusses 8 techniques: (1) Integrodifferential operator, (2) Hough transform, (3) Masek method, (4) Fuzzy clustering algorithm, (5) Pulling and Pushing method, (6) Eight-neighbor connection based clustering, (7) Segmentation approach based on Fourier spectral density, and (8) Circular Gabor Filter. Each technique achieves some level of segmentation accuracy but also has disadvantages like high computational time, low accuracy, or poor performance on noisy images. The document concludes that a unified framework approach provides the highest overall segmentation accuracy for robustly segmenting iris images.
The document summarizes the development of a new web browser called JAN browser. It aims to provide more efficient and secure internet usage compared to existing browsers. Key features include speed dialing tabs to quickly access frequently used websites organized by topic, a virtual keyboard for secure password entry that shuffles keys to prevent hacking, and user login for security. The browser was developed using .NET for the front-end and SQL for the back-end database. Experimental results demonstrate the speed dialing, new tabs/windows, and virtual keyboard functions. The goal of JAN browser is to satisfy users by making resource searching more efficient, user-friendly, secure, and time-saving.
This study reviewed 50 inflammatory soft tissue lesions surgically removed and diagnosed histologically over a 30-year period from 1978-2007 at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Onchocerciasis accounted for 60% of the lesions, followed by histoplasmosis at 20%. Other identified conditions included mycetoma, molluscum contagiosum, tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, rhinoscleroma, and blastomycosis. The lesions presented most commonly in children and young adults aged 5-15 years. Onchocercal nodules were widely distributed but predominantly in the chest wall. Histoplasmosis lesions were found in the clavicle, shoulder, ankle,
The effect of Encryption algorithms Delay on TCP Traffic over data networksIOSR Journals
This document discusses the effect of encryption delay on TCP traffic over data networks. It presents results from simulations of four scenarios: 1) no encryption, 2) low encryption delay of 0.02ms, 3) medium encryption delay of 0.04ms, and 4) high encryption delay of 0.05ms. The results show that TCP delay, segment delay, end-to-end delay, and connection delay all increase as the encryption delay increases. Therefore, encryption delays can negatively impact network performance and congestion if not properly balanced with encryption algorithm complexity. Faster encryption algorithms should be used when network performance is prioritized over security.
The document summarizes several improved algorithms that aim to address the drawbacks of the Apriori algorithm for association rule mining. It discusses six different approaches: 1) An intersection and record filter approach that counts candidate support only in transactions of sufficient length and uses set intersection; 2) An approach using set size and frequency to prune insignificant candidates; 3) An approach that reduces the candidate set and memory usage by only searching frequent itemsets once to delete candidates; 4) A partitioning approach that divides the database; 5) An approach using vertical data format to reduce database scans; and 6) A distributed approach to parallelize the algorithm across machines.
Nasal Parameters of Ibibio and Yakurr Ethnic Groups of South South NigeriaIOSR Journals
The study involved 400 subjects, 200 each of the two ethnic groups(100 males and 100 females). The age range was 18-35years. Subjects with facial deformities or surgeries that involved the nasal region were excluded from the study. Subjects that have both parents and grandparents of each ethnic group and who have lived in that environment for at least the first 18years of their lifetime were selected for the study. The nasal length and width were measured using spreading calipers and nasal indices deducted from these measurements. Test for significance was done using the students’ t-test. Results showed the nasal indices of the Ibibio males and females to be 86.58±1.20 and 81.75±1.14 respectively and for the Yakurr males and females, it was 77.76±0.82 and 102.27±1.13 respectively. There was significant ethnic and gender differences in all the nasal parameters (nasal length, nasal width and nasal indices) at p<0.05. From the nasal indices the nose type of the Ibibio males is platyrrhine while that of the Ibibio females is mesorrhine, the Yakurr males also have mesorrhine nose type while the Yakurr females have platyrrhine nose type. With this result, nasal parameters could be a useful tool in gender and ethnic differentiation between the Ibibio and Yakurr ethnic groups.
Cryptographic Cloud Storage with Hadoop ImplementationIOSR Journals
This document proposes a scheme for cryptographic cloud storage using Hadoop implementation. It introduces parallel homomorphic encryption schemes that allow computation over encrypted data through an evaluation algorithm that can run efficiently in parallel. This allows a client to outsource function evaluation on private inputs to a Hadoop cluster while maintaining data confidentiality. The scheme uses erasure coding to distribute encrypted data across servers and generate verification tokens to check integrity and locate errors. It analyzes how Hadoop security can be enhanced using Kerberos authentication and capabilities to control data access. The proposed approach aims to efficiently ensure cloud data storage security, correctness, and availability.
Performance optimization of thermal systems in textile industriesIOSR Journals
Energy consumption has been growing very rapidly due to population growth, rapid urbanization
and industrial development. For future planning, it is important to know the current specific energy
consumption and the energy intensity in order to estimate future energy consumption. In the industrial sector
especially in textile units’ large amount of energy wasted due to improper working and lack of energy saving
measures. In this study, the various measures that causes the main energy losses are investigated .In the textile
dyeing sector, the main processes are associated with steam in various proportions. For the steam production,
steam boilers of different types are used for different applications. The efficiency of the boiler varies from one
industry to other based on various parameters such as quality of the water, fuel used, blow down quantity, etc.
Steam traps are also having influence on the boiler efficiency. In the case of steam leakage the performance of
the system decreases as the consumption of fuel increases to produce more steam. Thus by adopting various
recovery methods we can reduce the energy losses and fuel consumption.
Microscopic Image Analysis of Nanoparticles by Edge Detection Using Ant Colon...IOSR Journals
This document presents a method for analyzing nanoparticles using microscopic images through edge detection with Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). Initially, edges are extracted from images using various detectors and adaptive thresholding. Ants are placed at endpoint pixels and move between pixels probabilistically based on pheromone levels, connecting discontinuities. Results on cerium oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticle images show the ACO-improved edges better distinguish particles and determine sizes/shapes compared to conventional detectors alone.
This document describes the design, implementation, and testing of a 16-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) processor. The processor was implemented on a Xilinx XC3S400 field programmable gate array (FPGA) and has an instruction set of 8 instructions. The processor design includes a 5-stage pipeline with forwarding logic to handle data hazards and a modified datapath to handle control hazards from branches. Testing was done by writing sample assembly code to the instruction memory and observing the processor's operation via serial transmission of register values and other signals. The results demonstrated stalls from data dependencies and a one clock cycle branch delay as intended.
Gain Comparison between NIFTY and Selected Stocks identified by SOM using Tec...IOSR Journals
This document discusses a study that uses self-organizing maps (SOM) and technical indicators to identify stocks with potential for investment gains. The study selects stocks and compares their returns over 1.5 months to the NIFTY index. The stocks identified using SOM and technical indicators performed 37.14% better than the NIFTY index over that period. The document provides background on technical analysis indicators like RSI, MACD, and OBV that were used in the analysis. It also describes how SOM can be used to classify stocks based on technical indicator values and select stocks that closely match the properties of the best performing class.
High Performance Error Detection with Different Set Cyclic Codes for Memory A...IOSR Journals
The document presents a proposed error detection method using majority logic decoding with difference set cyclic codes. The proposed method can detect up to five bit errors in the first three decoding cycles, improving performance over traditional majority logic decoding approaches. It uses a control unit to evaluate parity check sums over the first three cycles, and can detect errors without fully decoding the codeword when no errors are found. This reduces decoding time compared to approaches that fully decode each codeword. The proposed method is also less complex than alternatives using syndrome calculation for error detection. Simulation results showed the proposed method can detect errors faster while using less memory and power than traditional approaches.
As information technology continues to open new pathways in clinical diagnostics and broaden how we measure and define success, lab directors must consider how IT can complement their investment in automation. In fact, automation and IT systems can no longer be regarded as separate laboratory solutions, but rather must be viewed as a single entity that exists to maximize input and output across the laboratory continuum. With automation serving to centralize testing and tube throughput and IT to aggregate and display testing data quickly and accurately, the benefits of the whole clearly become more important than the sum of its parts.
That is why it is paramount to research the availability and capabilities of an IT system that can enhance an automation solution. When automation and IT functionality combine, the closed-system loop provides seamless, total process management at a magnitude far greater than can be achieved by an automation solution that lacks adequate IT support.
This document discusses a cost-benefit analysis of using electronic health records (EHR) data for clinical research compared to current practices. It assesses the value of the Electronic Health Records for Clinical Research (EHR4CR) platform, which was developed to enable the reuse of EHR data for clinical research. The analysis models the costs of performing three clinical research scenarios (protocol feasibility assessment, patient identification for recruitment, and clinical study execution) using current practices and the EHR4CR platform. It estimates that the efficiency gains achieved with EHR4CR could accelerate time to market for new drugs. The expected benefits are estimated to be €161.5 million for protocol feasibility, €45.7 million for patient identification, and
The document discusses the EHR4CR project, which aims to develop a trustworthy service platform to access clinical information from electronic health records (EHRs) to improve clinical research. The project has developed a scalable platform used in pilot programs across 11 major hospitals in 5 countries. It is working to expand this platform into a pan-European network to support clinical trial feasibility studies, patient recruitment, and other research activities. Key stakeholders include hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, and the newly formed European Institute for Innovation through Health Data, which will help govern the platform. The goals are to increase clinical trial efficiency, reduce costs, and improve patient care through better use of EHR data for research.
Running head REAL-TIME LOCATING SYSTEM1REAL-TIME LOCATIN.docxjeanettehully
Running head: REAL-TIME LOCATING SYSTEM 1
REAL-TIME LOCATING SYSTEM 2
Real-Time Locating System
Student’s Name
University of Affiliation
Date
Real-Time Locating System (RTLS)
St. Michael is an acute care facility based in Alabama. The healthcare facility boasts of a 1,000 bed capacity that is run through a manual admission model. The local community hospitals refer their patients to the hospital after requesting for a consultation with a specialist doctor. Patients arrive at the facility in wheelchairs and ambulances which increases the population of sick patients along the hallways (California Healthcare Foundation, 2011). Some of the patients are assigned to the wrong floors which increases the level of hallway stays. Consequently, the most overcrowded hospital areas include:-
· The emergency departments that deal with critical conditions such as accidents.
· The inpatient section that deals with the admission of new patients.
Change Project Plan
The purpose of this project plan is to propose the implementation of a patient transfer center to handle all patient referrals from other hospitals. The center will be characterized by a call center for handling all incoming referrals. Therefore, all admission information will be managed from this central system including bed placements and emergency room requests. A Real-time locating systems (RTLS) tracking system will be implemented to keep track the locations of all inpatient admissions and shared medical equipment (“How to Prevent Corridor Clutter in Hospitals,” n.d). A 30 minute parking rule will be implemented within the facility to notify personnel whether equipment is close to violating the Line Safety Code.
Assessment of environment
Current practices
During the swine flu pandemic the hospital faced increased pressure to its emergency and in-patient departments. The inefficiencies in the current system created unnecessary delays to the delivery of healthcare to patients(Pearl, 2018). The hospital corridors ended up being used as waiting rooms for patients who have been admitted to the hospital. The patients were forced to wait in trolleys placed along the hospital corridors or in ambulances for over 12 hours before finding a vacant bed (Triggle, 2018). The delays in the admission process have been blamed on the amount of paper work required to transfer patients form the emergency departments or operating rooms into the wards. Medical personnel are forced to create makeshift dividers along the corridors to provide privacy to the patients.
The hospital structure
The number of carts or equipment found along the corridors can reach a maximum of 240 at any particular time. This includes supply carts, rolling walkers, treatment carts, oxygen tanks, and patient beds (Mitchell, 2006). A higher rate of foot traffic is witnessed along the hallways during housekeeping, emergency situations, serving of meals and shift changes. The other category of non-wheeled clutter in ...
SHS_ASQ 2010 Conference: Poster The Use of Simulation for Surgical Expansion ...Alexander Kolker
Children's Hospital of Wisconsin is planning a major expansion and renovation of its surgical suite to increase capacity. Computer simulation models were developed to analyze three expansion scenarios and determine the optimal design. Model 3 was selected as the best option, as it would separate gastroenterology and pulmonary services into their own area with 2-3 procedure rooms and 8-11 pre/postoperative beds, while meeting all performance criteria for patient wait times and OR utilization through 2013. The simulations accounted for patient volume flow, limited system capacity, and the balance needed between these factors for efficient patient throughput.
The document discusses the benefits of installing a pneumatic tube system in a hospital. It states that installing such a system could cut 10 minutes off lab test turnaround times, treat critical patients more timely, and reduce costs compared to using human couriers. Studies cited showed hospitals with tube systems reduced times for lab tests like chemistries by 18 minutes and CBCs by 19 minutes. Faster treatment enabled by shorter turnaround times could improve the hospital's competitiveness and reputation while maintaining quality of care. The proposal is to install a basic tube system connecting the ER and labs for approximately $100,000, which would pay for itself over time in savings compared to alternative courier transport methods.
1) The EHR4CR project developed a platform to facilitate clinical research by enabling access to de-identified patient health records across countries, systems, and sites.
2) The platform supports protocol feasibility testing, patient recruitment, and data capture/exchange through a network of hospitals in multiple European countries.
3) Going forward, the EHR4CR Champion Program aims to further validate and scale up the platform through partnerships with additional hospitals and research organizations, overseen by the newly formed European Institute for Innovation through Health Data.
Usability evaluation of a discrete event based visual hospital management sim...hiij
Hospital Management is a complex and dynamic organisational challenge. Hospital managers (HMs)
are responsible for the effective use of valuable resources and assets, which is a significant issue in
healthcare. Due to factors such as the increase in health care costs and political pressure, HMs have
been compelled to examine new ways to improve efficiency and reduce healthcare delivery costs whilst
improving patient satisfaction. Healthcare managers require tools that will allow them to review the
current system or identify areas of improvement and quantify the possible changes.
This paper covers an evaluation of a hospital simulator developed by the authors. A usability test of the
simulator was carried out with hospital managers to provide real-world feedback on the simulator. This
has provided lessons to be applied in the development and use of such a tool. For instance, use of traffic
light colours in assisting management of hospital areas and Sensitivity Analysis supporting multiple or
more complex scenarios.
Petri Net Based Reliable Work Flow Framework for Nephrology Unit in Hospital ...rahulmonikasharma
The 21st century has witnessed a revolution in Biology and Medicine that has radically changed the way health, diagnosis, prognosis, etc., of a disease is monitored nowadays. Accordingly, hospital redesign, workforce planning and scheduling, patient flow, performance management, disease monitoring, and health care technology assessment need to be modeled efficiently. Mathematical modeling and computer simulation techniques have been shown to be increasingly valuable in providing useful information to aid planning and management. Petri Net (PN) is considered as a powerful model since it combines well-defined mathematical theory with a graphical representation which reflects the dynamic behavior of systems of interest. Due to dynamic characteristics, it is found to be more suitable for modeling Hospital Management System (HMS). In this paper, a Petri net model-based reliable workflow framework for Nephrology unit in hospital environment is proposed to track the movement of patients in the unit. The key objective of the proposed reliable workflow framework is to provide a well-organized health care unit to reduce the waiting time of the resource/ patient. The performance of the proposed Petri net model-based reliable workflow framework is simulated and validated through reachability graph using HPSim tool. The proposed Petri net workflow framework for the Nephrology unit can be used to deliver highly efficient and reliable healthcare services.
World population keeps growing up and injuries related death statistics is increasing. Optimizing healthcare logistic processes became then a vital need to lead patient cares to higher performances. Moreover, Worldwide healthcare systems
are facing the challenge of the sophistical facilities rising costs as well as patients’ requirement of high-quality care at lower cost. In the other hand, undetected behaviors of citizens and
environmental constraints are influencing the quality of
deployment which amplifying the response time threshold. In the
present paper, we regulate vehicles capacities to optimize patients picking for each incident nature. We proposed also a dynamic vehicle relocation and routing using a decision making processes. We are considering for each decision to take, the aspect of the variable emergency constraints influence to satisfy different scenarios of daily life.
This document summarizes a clinical project reviewing practices for managing indwelling urinary catheters and preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) at Lutheran General Hospital. The author conducted research on patients with catheters in the medical cardiac intensive care unit (MCICU) and examined differences in catheter systems used in the emergency department versus the MCICU. The research aims to determine if changing emergency department catheters to sealed systems with urine meters could decrease CAUTI risk by avoiding breaks in the sterile field when transferring patients. A literature review found guidelines recommending appropriate catheter indications and aseptic insertion/maintenance to minimize infection risk.
This document summarizes a systematic review on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of using ultrasound bladder scanners to measure postvoid residual urine volume instead of catheterization. The review included 29 studies and found consistent evidence that bladder scanners accurately measure bladder volume. Several studies demonstrated that bladder scanners can reduce unnecessary catheterization and subsequent urinary tract infections. While some studies evaluated potential cost savings, no studies provided a complete economic evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of bladder scanners. Overall, the review found sufficient evidence that bladder scanners can accurately diagnose urine retention without catheterization, thereby decreasing costs and reducing the risk of urinary tract infections.
Design and implementation_of_a_microcontMerianPadlan2
This document describes the design and implementation of a microcontroller-based infusion pump system for automatic drug delivery. The system uses a stepper motor to precisely deliver drugs to patients on a scheduled basis. It also includes Bluetooth connectivity to allow nurses to remotely monitor the system status without frequent bedside visits. Testing at a hospital showed the remote monitoring was particularly useful for nurses. The programmable microcontroller-based design allows for flexible control and monitoring of drug infusion.
This presentation proposal discusses a pneumatic tubing system. Pneumatic tubes, also known as pneumatic transport systems, use compressed air or vacuum to propel cylindrical containers through networks of tubes. They have been used since the late 19th century to transport small items like mail, paperwork, and money within buildings or cities. The proposal discusses pneumatic tubing systems in hospitals, their components like control units and monitoring, and design issues that affect performance. The objective is to introduce steps in designing large pneumatic networks to avoid problems and look at key components.
The document describes a simulation study of patient flows in orthopedic and sports medicine clinics at the University of Virginia Health System. The study explored the impact of changes to in-clinic task management, patient and staff scheduling, and patient communications to improve key performance measures like patient waiting times and facility utilization. The simulation model, developed based on patient data, provided evidence that introducing an additional front desk attendant during busy times and altering appointment times from 15 to 10 minutes could allow more patients to be seen while reducing waiting times and the need for overbooking. Implementing these changes may help accommodate future growth in patient visits while maintaining satisfaction.
Trends in the Adoption of Robotic Surgery for Common Surgical ProceduresΔρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
Given concerns that robotic surgery is increasing for common surgical procedures with limited evidence and unclear clinical benefit, how is the use of robotic surgery changing over time?Given concerns that robotic surgery is increasing for common surgical procedures with limited evidence and unclear clinical benefit, how is the use of robotic surgery changing over time?
In this JAMA study of 169 404 patients in 73 hospitals, the use of robotic surgery for all general surgery procedures increased from 1.8% to 15.1% from 2012 to 2018. Hospitals that launched robotic surgery programs had a broad and immediate increase in the use of robotic surgery, which was associated with a decrease in traditional laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery.
These findings highlight a need to continually monitor the adoption of robotic surgery to ensure that enthusiasm for new technology does not outpace the evidence needed to use it in the most effective clinical contexts.
Pharma Almanac Q1 2016 Clinical Logistics - Meeting the 21st Century Cures Ch...Wes Wheeler
There have been numerous changes in the pharmaceutical industry that have increased the complexity of clinical trials and affected clinical trial logistics. The number of global, multi-site clinical trials has increased dramatically, as has the complexity of trial protocols. This has led to the evolution of clinical logistics organizations (CLOs) that now rely on advanced technology to efficiently manage global clinical trial supply chains and meet new demands for patient-centric trials, such as direct-to-patient delivery. As trials increase in number and complexity, CLOs must continue to innovate logistics solutions to address challenges like temperature-sensitive drug shipments and the rise of personalized medicines like gene and cell therapies.
Mira 2011 Athens Business Class Vassilis Bardis Athens Medical CenterMIRA
This document outlines an investment business plan for establishing a robotic surgery program at Athens Medical Center. It discusses evaluating the costs of robotic surgery compared to alternative procedures. A key part of the plan is developing an activity-based costing model to accurately assess the true costs. The plan also covers initiating the program, including dedicating an OR room, assembling the robotic surgery team of a leading surgeon, nurses, and assistants. Training programs for staff and residents are also important. Monitoring outcomes and the economic feasibility is essential for the long-term success of the robotic surgery program.
Ensuring the feasibility of a $31 million OR expansion project: Capacity plan...SIMUL8 Corporation
Ensuring the feasibility of a $31 million OR expansion project: Capacity planning, system design, and patient flow
Presenter: Todd Roberts, Memorial Health System
The second workshop in our series will look at a recent project at Memorial Health System (MHS) in Illinois.
Todd Roberts, System Director of Operations Improvement at MHS will discuss and demonstrate the use of discrete simulation modeling to analyze floor design and throughput for a new Rapid Clinical Examination provider model for a 70,000 annual visit, Level I trauma center emergency department at a 507 bed, tertiary, urban, academic medical center and flow for all aspects of architectural design proposal for $31 million dollar operating room expansion project, including pre-op admission, transport to OR, OR time, and post-anesthesia care units (PACU) for admitted and outpatient surgery.
Through the use of discrete simulation modeling, Memorial has reduced length to stay for non-admitted patients in the emergency department by 27%, reduced percentage of patients leaving by without treatment by 50%, and released admit hold time by 37% while improving patient satisfaction from the 57th to 99th percentile (Press Ganey).
In addition, Memorial has used simulation to determine the appropriate facilities layout for its new OR expansion project, determining that optimizing the flow of traffic will lead to a reduction of 30 minutes per case in wasted movement and waiting.
This document provides a technical review of secure banking using RSA and AES encryption methodologies. It discusses how RSA and AES are commonly used encryption standards for secure data transmission between ATMs and bank servers. The document first provides background on ATM security measures and risks of attacks. It then reviews related work analyzing encryption techniques. The document proposes using a one-time password in addition to a PIN for ATM authentication. It concludes that implementing encryption standards like RSA and AES can make transactions more secure and build trust in online banking.
This document analyzes the performance of various modulation schemes for achieving energy efficient communication over fading channels in wireless sensor networks. It finds that for long transmission distances, low-order modulations like BPSK are optimal due to their lower SNR requirements. However, as transmission distance decreases, higher-order modulations like 16-QAM and 64-QAM become more optimal since they can transmit more bits per symbol, outweighing their higher SNR needs. Simulations show lifetime extensions up to 550% are possible in short-range networks by using higher-order modulations instead of just BPSK. The optimal modulation depends on transmission distance and balancing the energy used by electronic components versus power amplifiers.
This document provides a review of mobility management techniques in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It discusses three modes of communication in VANETs: vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and hybrid vehicle (HV) communication. For each communication mode, different mobility management schemes are required due to their unique characteristics. The document also discusses mobility management challenges in VANETs and outlines some open research issues in improving mobility management for seamless communication in these dynamic networks.
This document provides a review of different techniques for segmenting brain MRI images to detect tumors. It compares the K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms. K-means is an exclusive clustering algorithm that groups data points into distinct clusters, while Fuzzy C-means is an overlapping clustering algorithm that allows data points to belong to multiple clusters. The document finds that Fuzzy C-means requires more time for brain tumor detection compared to other methods like hierarchical clustering or K-means. It also reviews related work applying these clustering algorithms to segment brain MRI images.
1) The document simulates and compares the performance of AODV and DSDV routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network under three conditions: when users are fixed, when users move towards the base station, and when users move away from the base station.
2) The results show that both protocols have higher packet delivery and lower packet loss when users are either fixed or moving towards the base station, since signal strength is better in those scenarios. Performance degrades when users move away from the base station due to weaker signals.
3) AODV generally has better performance than DSDV, with higher throughput and packet delivery rates observed across the different user mobility conditions.
This document describes the design and implementation of 4-bit QPSK and 256-bit QAM modulation techniques using MATLAB. It compares the two techniques based on SNR, BER, and efficiency. The key steps of implementing each technique in MATLAB are outlined, including generating random bits, modulation, adding noise, and measuring BER. Simulation results show scatter plots and eye diagrams of the modulated signals. A table compares the results, showing that 256-bit QAM provides better performance than 4-bit QPSK. The document concludes that QAM modulation is more effective for digital transmission systems.
The document proposes a hybrid technique using Anisotropic Scale Invariant Feature Transform (A-SIFT) and Robust Ensemble Support Vector Machine (RESVM) to accurately identify faces in images. A-SIFT improves upon traditional SIFT by applying anisotropic scaling to extract richer directional keypoints. Keypoints are processed with RESVM and hypothesis testing to increase accuracy above 95% by repeatedly reprocessing images until the threshold is met. The technique was tested on similar and different facial images and achieved better results than SIFT in retrieval time and reduced keypoints.
This document studies the effects of dielectric superstrate thickness on microstrip patch antenna parameters. Three types of probes-fed patch antennas (rectangular, circular, and square) were designed to operate at 2.4 GHz using Arlondiclad 880 substrate. The antennas were tested with and without an Arlondiclad 880 superstrate of varying thicknesses. It was found that adding a superstrate slightly degraded performance by lowering the resonant frequency and increasing return loss and VSWR, while decreasing bandwidth and gain. Specifically, increasing the superstrate thickness or dielectric constant resulted in greater changes to the antenna parameters.
This document describes a wireless environment monitoring system that utilizes soil energy as a sustainable power source for wireless sensors. The system uses a microbial fuel cell to generate electricity from the microbial activity in soil. Two microbial fuel cells were created using different soil types and various additives to produce different current and voltage outputs. An electronic circuit was designed on a printed circuit board with components like a microcontroller and ZigBee transceiver. Sensors for temperature and humidity were connected to the circuit to monitor the environment wirelessly. The system provides a low-cost way to power remote sensors without needing battery replacement and avoids the high costs of wiring a power source.
1) The document proposes a model for a frequency tunable inverted-F antenna that uses ferrite material.
2) The resonant frequency of the antenna can be significantly shifted from 2.41GHz to 3.15GHz, a 31% shift, by increasing the static magnetic field placed on the ferrite material.
3) Altering the permeability of the ferrite allows tuning of the antenna's resonant frequency without changing the physical dimensions, providing flexibility to operate over a wide frequency range.
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a speech enhancement method using stationary wavelet transform. The method first classifies speech into voiced, unvoiced, and silence regions based on short-time energy. It then applies different thresholding techniques to the wavelet coefficients of each region - modified hard thresholding for voiced speech, semi-soft thresholding for unvoiced speech, and setting coefficients to zero for silence. Experimental results using speech from the TIMIT database corrupted with white Gaussian noise at various SNR levels show improved performance over other popular denoising methods.
This document reviews the design of an energy-optimized wireless sensor node that encrypts data for transmission. It discusses how sensing schemes that group nodes into clusters and transmit aggregated data can reduce energy consumption compared to individual node transmissions. The proposed node design calculates the minimum transmission power needed based on received signal strength and uses a periodic sleep/wake cycle to optimize energy when not sensing or transmitting. It aims to encrypt data at both the node and network level to further optimize energy usage for wireless communication.
This document discusses group consumption modes. It analyzes factors that impact group consumption, including external environmental factors like technological developments enabling new forms of online and offline interactions, as well as internal motivational factors at both the group and individual level. The document then proposes that group consumption modes can be divided into four types based on two dimensions: vertical (group relationship intensity) and horizontal (consumption action period). These four types are instrument-oriented, information-oriented, enjoyment-oriented, and relationship-oriented consumption modes. Finally, the document notes that consumption modes are dynamic and can evolve over time.
The document summarizes a study of different microstrip patch antenna configurations with slotted ground planes. Three antenna designs were proposed and their performance evaluated through simulation: a conventional square patch, an elliptical patch, and a star-shaped patch. All antennas were mounted on an FR4 substrate. The effects of adding different slot patterns to the ground plane on resonance frequency, bandwidth, gain and efficiency were analyzed parametrically. Key findings were that reshaping the patch and adding slots increased bandwidth and shifted resonance frequency. The elliptical and star patches in particular performed better than the conventional design. Three antenna configurations were selected for fabrication and measurement based on the simulations: a conventional patch with a slot under the patch, an elliptical patch with slots
1) The document describes a study conducted to improve call drop rates in a GSM network through RF optimization.
2) Drive testing was performed before and after optimization using TEMS software to record network parameters like RxLevel, RxQuality, and events.
3) Analysis found call drops were occurring due to issues like handover failures between sectors, interference from adjacent channels, and overshooting due to antenna tilt.
4) Corrective actions taken included defining neighbors between sectors, adjusting frequencies to reduce interference, and lowering the mechanical tilt of an antenna.
5) Post-optimization drive testing showed improvements in RxLevel, RxQuality, and a reduction in dropped calls.
This document describes the design of an intelligent autonomous wheeled robot that uses RF transmission for communication. The robot has two modes - automatic mode where it can make its own decisions, and user control mode where a user can control it remotely. It is designed using a microcontroller and can perform tasks like object recognition using computer vision and color detection in MATLAB, as well as wall painting using pneumatic systems. The robot's movement is controlled by DC motors and it uses sensors like ultrasonic sensors and gas sensors to navigate autonomously. RF transmission allows communication between the robot and a remote control unit. The overall aim is to develop a low-cost robotic system for industrial applications like material handling.
This document reviews cryptography techniques to secure the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks. It discusses various types of attacks on AODV like impersonation, denial of service, eavesdropping, black hole attacks, wormhole attacks, and Sybil attacks. It then proposes using the RC6 cryptography algorithm to secure AODV by encrypting data packets and detecting and removing malicious nodes launching black hole attacks. Simulation results show that after applying RC6, the packet delivery ratio and throughput of AODV increase while delay decreases, improving the security and performance of the network under attack.
The document describes a proposed modification to the conventional Booth multiplier that aims to increase its speed by applying concepts from Vedic mathematics. Specifically, it utilizes the Urdhva Tiryakbhyam formula to generate all partial products concurrently rather than sequentially. The proposed 8x8 bit multiplier was coded in VHDL, simulated, and found to have a path delay 44.35% lower than a conventional Booth multiplier, demonstrating its potential for higher speed.
This document discusses image deblurring techniques. It begins by introducing image restoration and focusing on image deblurring. It then discusses challenges with image deblurring being an ill-posed problem. It reviews existing approaches to screen image deconvolution including estimating point spread functions and iteratively estimating blur kernels and sharp images. The document also discusses handling spatially variant blur and summarizes the relationship between the proposed method and previous work for different blur types. It proposes using color filters in the aperture to exploit parallax cues for segmentation and blur estimation. Finally, it proposes moving the image sensor circularly during exposure to prevent high frequency attenuation from motion blur.
This document describes modeling an adaptive controller for an aircraft roll control system using PID, fuzzy-PID, and genetic algorithm. It begins by introducing the aircraft roll control system and motivation for developing an adaptive controller to minimize errors from noisy analog sensor signals. It then provides the mathematical model of aircraft roll dynamics and describes modeling the real-time flight control system in MATLAB/Simulink. The document evaluates PID, fuzzy-PID, and PID-GA (genetic algorithm) controllers for aircraft roll control and finds that the PID-GA controller delivers the best performance.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
B0961015
1. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 9, Issue 6 (Mar. - Apr. 2013), PP 10-15
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 10 | Page
Innovative Methods To Improve Hospital Efficiency- Study Of
Pneumatic Transport Systems (Pts) In Healthcare.
Dr. Arun. Mavaji. Seetharam1
, Dr.Sudhakar.Kantipudi2
,Dr.Somu.G3
, Mr.Jibu4
1
(Department of Hospital Administration, Kasturba Medical college/ Manipal University, India)
2(Office of Medical Superintendent, Kasturba Hospital, India)
3(Department of Hospital Administration, Kasturba Medical college/ Manipal University, India)
4(Office of Medical Superintendent, Kasturba Hospital, India)
Abstract: Increasing financial burden, onus on quality patient care and ever increasing competition has forced
hospital administrators across world to focus on innovation in the Management of Hospitals. Logistics
management is one such area. Internal logistics of materials like Laboratory samples, reports, blood products,
drugs from pharmacy is of primary importance and has direct bearing on the provision of good quality care to
patient and improving patient satisfaction. The present study was done to find the efficiency of one such method
of logistics management, i.e. pneumatic transport system.
Methods: The study was conducted in a large tertiary care hospital for a period of 3 months. It includes study of
available literature on pneumatic transport system .Data was collected by direct observation and comparing
with existing conventional human based transportation.
Results: The study showed saving of a manpower and time of 94.6 Minutes for the total completion of process of
sample transportation and Results being put online.
Conclusion: Pneumatic transport system is a valuable alternative to human based transportation. There is
reduction in manpower usage, faster and safe transport of samples. However study noted there is cost
escalation if installed in an existing structure and the system is more suitable for vertical structures.
Key Words: Innovation; Efficiency; Pneumatic Transport Systems; Healthcare
I. Introduction:
Introducing efficiency into an existing system is the key functions of all managers and its applicability
to administrators in a healthcare scenario is no different. Current practice of evidence based management seeks
to adopt known methods while inculcating innovative technologies as well.India is one of the few locations in
the world with the latest in healthcare technologies including automation, surgical robotics, modular operating
theatres, minimal access surgery systems, telemedicine and radiology.Although Indian hospitals and healthcare
providers excel in the fields mentioned, intra-facility logistics and material-management remains untouched by
latest innovations like automation of healthcare logistics, materials transportation and supply chain. Merely
around US$ one million is spent on intra-facility logistics (i.e. less than 0.06 per cent of the total spending).
Although logistics comprises of almost 90 per cent of a healthcare facility's operations, it is considered least
important in the ‘list of procurements’ and end up procuring out-dated, obsolete and redundant options. (1)
95 per cent of the total transport system with in the hospital are spontaneous in nature viz. transport of
Drugs, Blood Samples, Organ & Tissue Samples, Imaging Documents, Discharge Summary Documents, Billing
Documents, Prescription Documents, Standard errands, Analysis Reports, Surgical materials and other samples.
In-efficient and inadequate intra-facility logistics may increase costs on human resources, healthcare delivery
and energy costs apart from other factors. This in turn causes several problems, increases risks and difficulties
and consequently reduces the quality of patient care in the facility. (1)
Current methods used by the hospital for such Spontaneous transports are Human Based Transport
(HBT) viz. using Ward Boys / Orderlies, Patient's Attendants / Relatives.In one of the studies conducted at a 600
bedded hospital facility it is estimated that over 300 such runs are made every day; of which 75 per cent are to
and fro laboratories/blood bank; 10 per cent to and fro pharmacy / stores and 15 per cent to and from
administration / billing.Dumb Waiters & Elevators - High Energy Consumption and cause delays. (1)
With Budgetary constraints and Fledgling competitive situation hospitals are now facing new
challenges: reduction of time patients spend in the hospital without loss in quality of care, reduction in staff
costs and at the same time increasing results and efficiency. For these reasons the optimization of hospital
logistics becomes more and more important. (8)
A study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital with over 2000 beds in implementing the
Pneumatic transport systems (PTS), its utilization and effectiveness over the conventional method of transport
systems.
2. Innovative Methods To Improve Hospital Efficiency- Study Of Pneumatic Transport Systems (Pts) In
www.iosrjournals.org 11 | Page
1.1) Aim:To study the utilization effectiveness of Pneumatic Transport system in a tertiary Care Hospital
1.2)Objectives:
1. To study the implementation of pneumatic transport systems (PTS).
2. To study the utilization and effectiveness of PTS
3. Tostudy the benefits of PTS over human based transport (HBT)
1.3)Pneumatic Transport System (PTS):
Pneumatic tubes (or) capsule pipelines (or) Lamson tubes, also known as Pneumatic Tube Transport
(PTT) are systems in which cylindrical containers are propelled through a network of tubes by compressed air or
by partial vacuum. (1)
1.4) Components of PTS
A. Blower:
Large fans that move carriers through the tubes via vacuum and pressure.One or more three-phase
blowers propel the carrier by means of compression or a vacuum created via a centrally controlled air switch.
Self-adjusting Teflon gaskets in all system components guarantee airtight seals.
Figure 1: Blower
B. Three-Way Diverter
Three –way diverters are switching devices used at branching points within a tube network, allows
carriers to travel between any two delivery stations. With a standardized offset, it transfers the carriers to the
desired tube. The construction allows airtight, silent connection of the tubes.
Figure 2: three-way diverter
C. Carriers
Carriers are reusable plastic containers that hold and protect items sent through a pneumatic tube
system. Foam inserts can be placed inside a carrier for additional cushioning.
Figure 3: carrier
3. Innovative Methods To Improve Hospital Efficiency- Study Of Pneumatic Transport Systems (Pts) In
www.iosrjournals.org 12 | Page
D. PVC tubes:
PVC tubes are available in 4” (inches) and 6” (inches) diameter and mounted inside ceilings and
mechanical rooms. They form a network through which carriers travel at speeds up to 17 miles per hour.
E. Delivery stations:
Delivery stations are positioned throughout the facility allowing personnel to send and receive carriers
with the touch of a button.
F. Computer control centre
Computer control centre monitors all carrier traffic and calculates the fastest path for each transaction.
To help manage traffic flow, systems are often divided into zones consisting of a few to a dozen stations each.
Diverters and inter-zone tubes allow carriers to travel between zones. (3)
FIGURE 4: Computer control centre
1.5)Advantages of PTS in Healthcare setting:
In a healthcare setting, a pneumatic tube delivery system allows for the fast, safe and reliable transport of
pharmaceuticals, lab specimens, blood products and supplies throughout hospital clinical laboratories,
pharmacies, emergency rooms, operating rooms, patient care areas and other locations much more quickly
and safely than using a courier. Cost analyses by hospitals of all sizes show that pneumatic tube delivery
systems cost less over time than employee couriers. (3)
PTS can provide a safe efficient and rapid means of sending certain types of pathological specimens
between hospital departments, from operation theatre and out-patients to the pathology laboratories. The
use of these systems is increasing because they can improve specimen turnaround time so patients and
hospital staff can receive test results quicker. They also allow for more effective time management of
messenger staff by reducing the need to physically take specimens from one department to another. (4)
The results of sending specimens through a computerized pneumatic air transport system and manually
delivering specimens were compared for 15 chemical tests and six hematologic procedures. The specimens
traversed a maximum of 829 feet (253 meters) involving 16 bends and eight transfer units at 25 feet/second
(7.6 meters/second). Only the activity of lactate dehydrogenase exceeded the precision of the test in
pneumatically transported specimens. (5)
The pneumatic tube system decreased the median turnaround time for potassium and haemoglobin result on
specimens from the emergency department by 25%. The system evaluated is a rapid, efficient mechanism
for sending specimens to the clinical laboratory that produces no significant effects on analytical results and
has the ability to decrease turnaround time.(6)
Using the principle of parallel processing for sample analysis, coupled with installation of a computerized
pneumatic tube specimen delivery system, we provided improved turnaround time, a larger test menu, and
24-hour-a-day service from the central laboratory. As a result, the satellite laboratory in the Emergency
Department was closed and 16 full-time equivalent positions were saved in the hospital. (7)
1.6)Disadvantages and Risks involved in Human Based Transport (HBT):
There are several risks and problems that entail Human Based Transport logistics:
Delays: Hospital's staff carrying the materials may get diverted to a corner for a quick cigarette or choose to
have a quick cup of tea with his or her friends - not realizing the critical life saving time being wasted; non-
availability of the staff at the time of need
4. Innovative Methods To Improve Hospital Efficiency- Study Of Pneumatic Transport Systems (Pts) In
www.iosrjournals.org 13 | Page
During the physical carrying of tubesamples, the carrier staff may suddenly trip-over and the
samples/materials fall off and break - which means the entire exercise needs to be repeated right from
drawing the sample at the origin again, again loosing critical life saving time; mixing up of samples and
materials is also common in such conventional mechanism, that may cause grave consequences and
confusion in the course of procedure for the treatment of the patient.
Theft: A universal problem, invariably theft is very common during transportation of drugs, instruments and
other materials, etc.
Exposure: There are many confidential and classified materials transported during a day in a hospital,
which, are exposed to other unwanted personnel or people during human-transportation from one
department to another.
Bio-Hazard: Carrying of sample (blood/tissue etc...) personally involves high risk of exposure to the carrier
of the materials of other persons in the facility to infections and subsequent cross-infections….many more
risks and problems.
Personnel: The Hospital needs to dedicate several staff members for just transporting and carrying samples
and materials in the hospital - whereas they specifically hired for patient transportation, patient care etc…
re-deputation of staff; over-hiring of staff, etc
Energy: Use of dumb waiters and elevators for running such errands cause high consumption of energy;
adding to already high energy bills of the facility; apart from causing delays due to long waits at the
elevator doors.
However small these problems and risks may seem - they form a critical part of factors adversely
affecting a hospital's operations and basic important goal- Good Patient Care!
In order to overcome the above problems and risks and to incorporate Automation & Logistics Optimisation in
Healthcare there is a unique solution available: Hospital Pneumatic Tube Systems - are economical, hi-tech,
swift, secure and safe solution. (3)
1.7)Pneumatic transport system for an already established set up:
Pneumatic tube systems don´t necessarily have to be installed at the outset of construction. Even in an
already operating hospital, a pneumatic tube system can be easily integrated. Depending on the various
structural conditions, the system can be laid inside or outside the walls. Other factors, for instance system
capacity, load size or weight, are taken into consideration as well. (3)
1.8)Specific demands of a hospital:
Since a hospital is not a typical working place, its pneumatic tube system has to fulfil a series of high demands:
In order to guarantee a safe transport of laboratory samples, the carrier speed may be modified. Low-speed
transport is selected manually or automatically by choosing a certain dispatch or receiving station.
The carriers can be adapted to hold different types of insert pockets or test tube holders. Arriving carriers
are braked carefully upon arrival and sent directly into the tube without a jolt. The system functions silently
and is patient-friendly.
Transport loads with restricted access can be secured by means of a code
Thermo chemical sterilization of the carriers to be carried out manually or automatically.
The system is hermetically sealed.
The computerized control system permits statistical evaluations of the traffic data, e.g. the number of
transports, for itemized cost analysis and billing. (3)
1.9)Installation of Pneumatic transport system at Kasturba Hospital:
Kasturba Hospital, Manipal is a tertiary Care Hospital with 36 disciplines providing Quality Health
care under the Kasturba Medical College Manipal. It is a 2050 Bedded Hospital with an aim to provide faster
and quality Care, planned the installation of Pneumatic Transport System with 2 Critical Blocks of the Hospital
covering 650 Beds including Central medical ICU, Multidisciplinary ICU and Orthopaedics Triage and Post/Pre
Op ICUs
II. Steps in implementation:
1. Initial Planning:
Study on the existing System of Transportation and time taken for the Transports was started from Dec
2009. A 3-month period Sample Transportation; Manpower Utilization and Time Taken were studied to put up
the Proposal for Installation of the PTS in the hospital
5. Innovative Methods To Improve Hospital Efficiency- Study Of Pneumatic Transport Systems (Pts) In
www.iosrjournals.org 14 | Page
The study showed the following Observations:
Table-1
Number of samples
transported per day
From To Distance Time taken
1500 Women and child
block
Clinical laboratory 2 kms 1.5 hours*
650 Main hospital Biochemistry
laboratory
3 kms 2.5 hours*
*(Average of Total Timings and received logs from Labs)
Manual transportation Problems:
Additional Requirement of 15 Manpower to transport samples.
Errors of Sample Mismatch with slips when received by concerned Lab
Reporting Time of 137 min after sample drawn from a patients affecting Clinician and clinical diagnosis
Patient dissatisfaction including Nursing staff dissatisfaction as the Nurses needs to search the personals for
the transportation
Table-2: Typical Scenario of time taken by HBT Vs PTS
The above table shows a saving of a manpower and time of 94.6 Minutes for the total completion of process of
sample transportation and Results being put online.
2. Process for vendor selection:
Tenders were called for installation of Pneumatic transport system in the Hospital. Vendor was selected
on the basis of Technical superiority and speedy completion of the project. A team from the hospital visited
different hospitals were the system was installed by the chosen vendor to assess the functionality and feasibility
of the system.
3. Pre implementation difficulties:
The hospital has a vast horizontal expanse with inter connected blocks at various levels. Such a kind of
design poses problems for routing of pipes; distance between biochemistry laboratory and the hospital posed
operational problems; Due to heavy patient and public traffic flow during daytime, most of the work had to be
done at night time which invariably posed threat to the execution time of the project; Installation had to be done
in existing structure; Care had to be taken to shift electrical and plumbing fixtures; In addition there was a cost
escalation of 10-20% on account of repairs and maintenance.
4. End user problems:
Training of staff took nearly 20-30 days; the break-in period for staff to get accustomed to the new
system was another 30 days; wrong dialling of stations was also routinely encountered, if the stations number is
not dialled properly, chances that the carrier gets stuck at the junction impeding the flow of other carriers.
PROJECT COST
Equipment cost Rs 76,00,000
Projects Civil/Electrical/Control Room Creation Rs 20,00,000
Total Project Cost Rs 96,00,000
6. Innovative Methods To Improve Hospital Efficiency- Study Of Pneumatic Transport Systems (Pts) In
www.iosrjournals.org 15 | Page
III. Conclusion:
Pneumatic transport system (PTS) is a valuable alternative to conventional human dependant transport.
The study shows there is definite saving in manpower and also the time for transport by nearly 96 minutes. With
increasing emphasis on effective utilization of resources available in order to cut operational cost in hospitals, it
is ideal for modern hospitals and healthcare settings to switch over to using these systems. The study also brings
to light the cost escalation incurred in installing PTS into existing buildings. Hence it is better to consider for
these facilities at the hospital planning stages itself. Finally although PTS systems can be a boon to any type of
hospital buildings it is ideal for vertical structures.
References:
[1]. http://www.expresshealthcare.in/200901/valueadd02.shtml (accessed on 10-6-2012)
[2]. "Gone with the wind: Tubes are whisking samples across hospital". Stanford School of Medicine.2010-01-11 (accessed on 10-6-2012).
[3]. www.swisslog.com/index/hcs-index/hcs-systems/hcs-pts.htm (accessed on 10-6-2012)
[4]. http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/misc186.pdf. (Accessed 4th June 2012)
[5]. Weaver DK, Miller D, Leventhal EA, Tropeano V, Evaluation of a computer-directed pneumatic-tube system for pneumatic transport
of blood specimens, American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1978 Sep; 70(3):400-5.
[6]. Keshgegian AA, Bull GE, Evaluation of a soft-handling computerized pneumatic tube specimen delivery system. Effects on analytical
results and turnaround time, American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1992 Apr; 97(4):535-40
[7]. Green M, Successful alternatives to alternate site testing. Use of a pneumatic tube system to the central laboratory, Arch Pathol Lab
Med 1995 Oct; 119(10):943-7
[8]. Pneumatic Tube System Logistics in Hospitals, www.swisslog.com (accessed on 7th July, 2012)