This document provides an overview of computers and their components. It defines computers as electronic devices that convert data into information using binary digits. The central processing unit (CPU) is described as the core component that executes instructions and processes calculations. The CPU has a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Various types of computers are discussed, including desktops, notebooks, tablets, and servers for individual and organizational use. Memory is also summarized, distinguishing volatile and non-volatile types like RAM, ROM, and flash memory. The document concludes by outlining the widespread societal impact and uses of computers.
Primary memory (main memory)
complete knowledge about main memory Ram Rom and its kinds
with history and pictures
try it to believe it
Main memory refers to physical memory that is internal to the computer
Primary memory (main memory)
complete knowledge about main memory Ram Rom and its kinds
with history and pictures
try it to believe it
Main memory refers to physical memory that is internal to the computer
The main Objective of this presentation is to define computer buses , especially system bus . which is consists of data bus , address bus and control bus.
3D Graphics & Rendering in Computer GraphicsFaraz Akhtar
Computer graphics, 3d rendering,3d graphics,Components of a 3D Graphic System,3D Modeling,3D Rendering,Illumination for scan-line renderers, 3D Graphics and Physics
The main Objective of this presentation is to define computer buses , especially system bus . which is consists of data bus , address bus and control bus.
3D Graphics & Rendering in Computer GraphicsFaraz Akhtar
Computer graphics, 3d rendering,3d graphics,Components of a 3D Graphic System,3D Modeling,3D Rendering,Illumination for scan-line renderers, 3D Graphics and Physics
Computer is an electronic device which converts row data into meaningful information .It can perform many task.It work very fast and accuratc.A computer programmed device with a set of instnections of perform is spicilic task and generate result at a very high speed
This chapter will refresh your knowledge on the basics of how computers work, the different types of computers there are and their typical features. You will then learn about how computers are categorised and how ICT has made the workplace faster and more efficient.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
3. The Computer Defined
Electronic device
Converts data into information
Modern computers are digital
Two digits combine to make data (0, 1)
Defining Computers 3
Shaveta
4. The Computer Defined
Older computers were analog
A range of values made data
Defining Computers 4
Shaveta
5. The Computer Defined
Older computers were analog
A more manageable type -- the old-fashioned slide rule
Defining Computers 5
Shaveta
7. CPU
It is a core component of the computer. It executes user’s
instructions and processes calculations.
Like the chief commander of the army, the CPU controls and
coordinates various devices in the computer system.
Without the CPU, the devices cannot work together and so
the computer cannot function.
It is often a etched on a chip and is usually called a
microprocessor.
7Defining Computers
Shaveta
8. Basic units of CPU
It has basically to main units
CU(Control Unit)
ALU(Arithmetic and Logic Unit)
Control
unit
Arithmetic
and logic
unit
Some
registers
8Defining Computers
Shaveta
9. Control Unit
The control unit executes the instructions, sends control
signals to and receive control signals from peripheral
devices.
In other words, it controls the whole computer, and
directs the entire system to carry out instructions.
9Defining Computers
Shaveta
10. Arithmetic and Logic Unit
Arithmetic and
Logic Unit
Arithmetic unit
Logic unit
handles arithmetic
calculations
performs logical
calculations and makes
judgement like “if A > B is
true”.
10Defining Computers
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11. Registers
When the control unit and the arithmetic and logic unit
operate, they store the information and instruction temporarily
in registers.
11Defining Computers
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12. Program Executions
The diagram shows how the CPU executes an instruction:
Main memory
Fetch
Arithmetic and
logic unit
Control unit
ExecuteDecode
This is called machine
cycle.
Shaveta
12Defining Computers
Before a computer executes instructions, they are first
placed in the main memory.
13. Fetching
Program Executions
The control unit gets the next program instruction from the
main memory.
Decoding
The control unit decodes what the instruction means.
Shaveta
13Defining Computers
14. Executing
Program Executions
The ALU executes arithmetic and logical instructions.
It means that the ALU controls and performs the actual
operation on the data.
Shaveta
14Defining Computers
16. Computers for Individual Use
Computers can
be shared by
multiple users
but can be used
by only one
person at a time.
1A-
16Defining Computers
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17. Computers for Individual Use
Although PCs are used by individuals,
they also can be connected together to create networks.
1A-
17Defining Computers
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18. Computers for Individual Use
Desktop computers
The most common type of computer
Sits on the desk or floor
Performs a variety of tasks
1A-
18Defining Computers
Shaveta
19. Computers for Individual Use
Desktop computers
Different design types
1A-
19Defining Computers
Shaveta
20. Computers for Individual Use
Workstations
Specialized computers
Optimized for science or graphics
More powerful than a desktop
1A-
20Defining Computers
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21. Computers for Individual Use
Notebook computers
Small portable computers
Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds
1A-
21Defining Computers
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22. Computers for Individual Use
Notebook computers
About 8 ½ by 11 inches
Typically as powerful as a desktop
1A-
22Defining Computers
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23. Computers for Individual Use
Tablet computers
Newest development
in portable
computers
Input is through
a pen
Run specialized
versions of office
products
23Defining Computers
Shaveta
24. Computers for Individual Use
Handheld computers, palm computer
Very small computers
Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
Note taking or contact management
Data can synchronize with a desktop
1A-
24Defining Computers
Shaveta
25. Computers for Individual Use
Smart phones
Hybrid of cell
phone and PDA
Web surfing,
E-mail access
1A-25Defining Computers
Shaveta
26. Computers for Organizations
Network servers
Centralized computer
All other computers connect
1A-
26Defining Computers
Shaveta
27. Computers for Organizations
Network servers
Flexibility to different kinds of tasks
1A-
27
Computers for OrganizationsComputers for Organizations
Defining Computers
Shaveta
28. Computers for Organizations
Network servers
Users use the Internet as a means of connecting
even if away from the offices.
1A-
28Defining Computers
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29. Computers for Organizations
Mainframes
Used in large organizations
Handle thousands of users
Users access through a terminal
Shaveta
31. Computers for Organizations
Minicomputers
Called midrange computers
Power between mainframe and desktop
Handle hundreds of users
Used in smaller organizations
Users access through a terminal
1A-
31Defining Computers
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32. Computers for Organizations
Supercomputers
The most powerful
computers made
Handle large and
complex calculations
Process trillions of
operations per
second
Found in research
organizations
Shaveta
33. Computers in Society
More impact than any other invention
Changed work and leisure activities
Used by all demographic groups
Computers are important because:
Provide information to users
Information is critical to our society
Managing information is difficult
1A-
33Defining Computers
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34. Computers in Society
Impact of computers
Like the Impact of automobile
1A-
34Defining Computers
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35. Computers in Society
The benefits of using computers
As varied as users
1A-
35Defining Computers
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36. Computers in Society
Computers at home
Many homes have multiple computers
Computers are used for Communication
1A-
36Defining Computers
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37. Computers in Society
Computers at home
Computers are used for
Business
Entertainment
Schoolwork
Finances
1A-
37Defining Computers
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38. Computers in Society
Computers in education
Computer literacy required at all levels
1A-
38Defining Computers
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39. Computers in Society
Computers in small business
Makes businesses more profitable
Allows owners to manage
1A-
39Defining Computers
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40. Computers in Society
Computers in industry
Computers are
used to design
products
Assembly
lines are
automated
1A-
40Defining Computers
Shaveta
41. Computers in Society
Computers in government
Necessary to track data for population
Police officers
Tax calculation and collection
Governments were the first computer users
1A-
41Defining Computers
Shaveta
42. Computers in Society
Computers in health care
Revolutionized health care
New treatments possible
Scheduling of patients has improved
Delivery of medicine is safer
1A-
42Defining Computers
Shaveta
43. Memory
Memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs
(sequences of instructions) or data (e.g. program state information)
on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or
other digital electronic device.
Primary memory is used for the information in physical systems
which are fast (i.e. RAM), as a distinction from Secondary memory,
which are physical devices for program and data storage which are
slow to access but offer higher memory capacity. Primary memory
stored on secondary memory is called "virtual memory".
43Defining Computers
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44. The term "storage" is often (but not always) used in separate
computers of traditional secondary memory such as tape, magnetic
disks and optical discs (CD-ROM and DVD-ROM). The term
"memory" is often (but not always) associated with
addressable semiconductor memory, i.e. integrated
circuits consisting of silicon-based transistors, used for example
as primary memory but also other purposes in computers and
other digital electronic devices.
There are two main types of semiconductor
memory: volatile and non-volatile. Examples of non-volatile
memory are flash memory (sometimes used as secondary,
sometimes primary computer memory)
and ROM/PROM/EPROM/EEPROM memory (used
for firmware such as boot programs). Examples of volatile
memory are primary memory (typically dynamic RAM, DRAM),
and fast CPU cache memory (typically static RAM, SRAM, which
is fast but energy-consuming and offer lower memory capacity per
area unit than DRAM) .
44Defining Computers
Shaveta
45. Classification of Memory
Memory
Volatile Non-Volatile
computer memory that requires
power to maintain the stored
information.
computer memory that can
retain the stored information
even when not powered.
•RAM
•DRAM (e.g., DDR SDRAM)
•SRAM
•Cache
•ROM
•PROM
•EPROM
•EEPROM
•Flash memory
45Defining Computers
Shaveta
46. Full Form Type Function
RAM Read and Write
Memory
Volatile RAM is a form of data storage that can be
accessed randomly at any time, in any
order and from any physical location.
DRAM Dynamic RAM Volatile that stores each bit of data in a
separate capacitor within an integrated
circuit.
SRAM Static RAM Volatile Each bit in an SRAM is stored on
four transistors (M1, M2, M3, M4) that
form two cross-coupled inverters
CACHE Volatile Cache is a kind of RAM which a computer
system can access more responsively than
it can in regular RAM.
ROM Read only Memory Non-Volatile Read-only memory or ROM is also a form
of data storage that can not be easily
altered or reprogrammed.
PROM Programmable
read-only memory
Non-Volatile is a form of digital memory where the
setting of each bit is locked by
a fuse or antifuse.
EPROM Erasable
programmable read
only memory
Non-Volatile is a type of memory chip that retains its
data when its power supply is switched off
FLASH Non-Volatile which is intended to contribute to portable
storage and a convenient transfer of data
from one computer to another.
46Defining Computers