A computer is an electronic device that processes data according to instructions stored internally. It has two main parts: hardware, which are the physical and tangible components like the monitor, keyboard, and CPU; and software, which are programs that tell the computer what to do like operating systems and applications. To start a computer, you turn it on using the power button and access programs through icons on the desktop or the start menu.
The document describes the basic components and functions of a computer system. It explains that the monitor displays visual output, while the CPU contains the computer's processor and can be in desktop or tower cases. The document outlines different input devices like keyboards, mice, scanners, and their functions. It also discusses internal memory components like RAM and ROM that help the CPU process and store information, as well as long-term storage devices like hard disk drives. Finally, it mentions that the motherboard coordinates communication between all computer components and is essential to the computer's operation.
Software consists of programs that run on a computer to perform functions, while hardware refers to the physical components. There are two main types of software: system software that manages computer resources, and application software for specific tasks. Hardware includes basic components needed for operation like RAM and ROMs, as well as complementary components like webcams. Common hardware components are networks, hard disks, USB drives, processors, keyboards, and monitors. Together, software and hardware allow computers to function and be used by people.
This document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components and their uses. It describes the main hardware components as the tangible parts like monitors, disk drives, and keyboards. It defines applications software like word processing, spreadsheets, and databases. It also discusses systems software that runs the computer and defines the four main types of hardware: input devices, processor, storage, and output devices.
The document discusses the differences between software and hardware for personal computers. It defines software as the programs and electronic instructions that tell the hardware how to perform tasks, while hardware refers to the physical electronic components inside the computer case. It provides examples of both software and hardware components. Input devices like keyboards, mice, and touchscreens allow users to provide information to the computer. Output devices like monitors, audio, and printers allow the computer to provide information to users. The hardware and software work together, with software giving the hardware instructions to perform tasks.
Computer System and Its Components
- Motherboard
- CPU
- Difference GUI And CUI
Characteristics Of Computer
- Block diagram of computer
- Input unit
- Output unit
- Memory unit
TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY (RAM and ROM)
- Random Access Memory (RAM)
- Difference between DRAM and SRAM
- Read Only Memory (ROM)
OTHER TYPES OF MEMORY
- Cache memory
- Sequential Access Memory
- Random access memory
- Classification Of Memory
Control Unit
ALU
Input / Output function and characteristics
Memory – RAM ROM and other types of memory
Storage fundamentals – primary vs secondary data storage
Computer hardware consists of the physical components of a computer system and can be divided into three main groups: input devices, output devices, and the system unit. Input devices such as keyboards, mice, and scanners allow a user to enter information. Output devices like monitors, printers, and speakers display or present information to the user. The system unit contains the central processing unit, memory, storage drives, ports, power supply, and motherboard which process data from the input devices and send output signals to the output devices.
This document provides basic troubleshooting steps for common computer problems. It begins by having the user rule out simple causes like ensuring all cables are securely connected. It then covers troubleshooting hardware issues with components like monitors, mice/keyboards not working. Software problems discussed include programs freezing or error messages. Solutions involve restarting the system or closing unresponsive programs. For persistent issues, removing startup files or extensions in safe mode is suggested. Network troubleshooting includes checking cable connections and contacting an administrator. The document stresses that computers will inevitably experience errors given their complex nature.
The document discusses the major components of a computer system, dividing them into hardware and software. It describes hardware components such as the central processing unit (CPU), motherboard, memory, input devices like keyboards and mice, and output devices like monitors and printers. It also discusses software types including system software like operating systems and application software. Memory, storage devices like hard drives, floppy drives, CD-ROM drives and DVD drives are also covered.
The document describes the basic components and functions of a computer system. It explains that the monitor displays visual output, while the CPU contains the computer's processor and can be in desktop or tower cases. The document outlines different input devices like keyboards, mice, scanners, and their functions. It also discusses internal memory components like RAM and ROM that help the CPU process and store information, as well as long-term storage devices like hard disk drives. Finally, it mentions that the motherboard coordinates communication between all computer components and is essential to the computer's operation.
Software consists of programs that run on a computer to perform functions, while hardware refers to the physical components. There are two main types of software: system software that manages computer resources, and application software for specific tasks. Hardware includes basic components needed for operation like RAM and ROMs, as well as complementary components like webcams. Common hardware components are networks, hard disks, USB drives, processors, keyboards, and monitors. Together, software and hardware allow computers to function and be used by people.
This document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components and their uses. It describes the main hardware components as the tangible parts like monitors, disk drives, and keyboards. It defines applications software like word processing, spreadsheets, and databases. It also discusses systems software that runs the computer and defines the four main types of hardware: input devices, processor, storage, and output devices.
The document discusses the differences between software and hardware for personal computers. It defines software as the programs and electronic instructions that tell the hardware how to perform tasks, while hardware refers to the physical electronic components inside the computer case. It provides examples of both software and hardware components. Input devices like keyboards, mice, and touchscreens allow users to provide information to the computer. Output devices like monitors, audio, and printers allow the computer to provide information to users. The hardware and software work together, with software giving the hardware instructions to perform tasks.
Computer System and Its Components
- Motherboard
- CPU
- Difference GUI And CUI
Characteristics Of Computer
- Block diagram of computer
- Input unit
- Output unit
- Memory unit
TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY (RAM and ROM)
- Random Access Memory (RAM)
- Difference between DRAM and SRAM
- Read Only Memory (ROM)
OTHER TYPES OF MEMORY
- Cache memory
- Sequential Access Memory
- Random access memory
- Classification Of Memory
Control Unit
ALU
Input / Output function and characteristics
Memory – RAM ROM and other types of memory
Storage fundamentals – primary vs secondary data storage
Computer hardware consists of the physical components of a computer system and can be divided into three main groups: input devices, output devices, and the system unit. Input devices such as keyboards, mice, and scanners allow a user to enter information. Output devices like monitors, printers, and speakers display or present information to the user. The system unit contains the central processing unit, memory, storage drives, ports, power supply, and motherboard which process data from the input devices and send output signals to the output devices.
This document provides basic troubleshooting steps for common computer problems. It begins by having the user rule out simple causes like ensuring all cables are securely connected. It then covers troubleshooting hardware issues with components like monitors, mice/keyboards not working. Software problems discussed include programs freezing or error messages. Solutions involve restarting the system or closing unresponsive programs. For persistent issues, removing startup files or extensions in safe mode is suggested. Network troubleshooting includes checking cable connections and contacting an administrator. The document stresses that computers will inevitably experience errors given their complex nature.
The document discusses the major components of a computer system, dividing them into hardware and software. It describes hardware components such as the central processing unit (CPU), motherboard, memory, input devices like keyboards and mice, and output devices like monitors and printers. It also discusses software types including system software like operating systems and application software. Memory, storage devices like hard drives, floppy drives, CD-ROM drives and DVD drives are also covered.
The document discusses the key parts of a computer system, including both hardware and software. Software includes operating systems like Windows and application programs. Hardware includes input devices like keyboards and mice, processing devices like the central processing unit (CPU) that performs calculations, and output devices like monitors and printers that display or print information for the user. Together, hardware and software work together to power computer systems.
The document discusses different types of computers including palmtop, laptop, and mainframe computers. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer and software as programs that run on hardware. The main hardware components are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input devices, output devices, and storage devices. The CPU consists of a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Memory includes both random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Software includes operating systems, application software, and utility software. An operating system controls the computer and allows other programs to run.
Ms. Reinze Vito welcomes the viewer to her online classroom and provides her email for contact. The document then defines key computer terms and describes the basic components and functions of a computer system, including hardware like the system unit, peripherals for input, output, and storage, as well as software like operating systems and applications. It explains that hardware is the physical equipment, software is instructions that tell the computer how to work, operating systems support basic functions, and applications perform specific tasks for the user.
This document discusses computer input and output devices. It lists common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera, and microphone. It states that the keyboard and mouse are the most widely used input devices. It also discusses common output devices like the monitor and printer. It provides details on different types of monitors like LCD and CRT, and different types of printers like inkjet and laser printers.
This document provides an overview of computers, including their classification, components, and generations. It discusses how computers can be classified based on technology, purpose, function, and size/speed. The main components of a computer are hardware and software. Hardware includes physical parts like input/output devices and storage. Software includes system software, applications, and utilities. The document also outlines the five generations of computers from the first vacuum tube-based generation to the emerging fifth generation focused on artificial intelligence.
introduction to Basic parts of the computerclark bro
The document introduces the basic parts of a computer, including input devices like the keyboard, mouse, and microphone, and output devices like the monitor, printer, and speakers. It defines each part and their functions, such as the keyboard being used to enter text and numbers, the mouse being a pointing device, the monitor displaying output, and the speakers producing sound. It also defines input and output devices, with input devices taking data into the computer and output devices displaying the processed results. Finally, it discusses why computers are important for their accuracy, speed, and ability to store large amounts of data and perform complex tasks.
The document discusses the various hardware components that make up a computer system. It describes the central processing unit (CPU) as the "brain" of the computer that processes data. It also explains the different types of input devices like keyboards and mice, as well as output devices like monitors and printers. Additionally, it outlines various storage devices that preserve data, such as hard disks, flash drives, and CDs/DVDs.
A computer is an electronic device that receives input, processes it, and provides output based on instructions. Charles Babbage is considered the father of computers for designing the Analytical Engine in 1822. A computer system includes input devices, a central processing unit, output devices, storage devices, an operating system, and software. Computers are widely used for calculations, entertainment, communication, and obtaining information. They must be handled carefully and used properly to avoid damage.
Rajat Singla presented on computer hardware. He discussed that computer hardware includes components like the case, monitor, keyboard and mouse. He then explained the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, input devices and output devices that make up computer hardware. Storage devices store instructions and data and include magnetic and optical storage options.
The document discusses the history and components of the central processing unit (CPU). It describes how the CPU originated from concepts developed in the 1940s and evolved from large mainframe computers to smaller microprocessors. The key components of the CPU are the control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and memory unit. The CPU functions by fetching instructions from memory, decoding and translating them, executing calculations and data movement, and storing results.
Input devices capture information from the external environment and translate it into a format readable by computers. Common input devices include keyboards, pointing devices like mice and trackballs, game controllers, scanners, styluses, microphones, and digital cameras. Output devices take the information processed by computers and present it to users in a form they can understand, like monitors to display visual information and speakers to output audio.
This document provides an introduction to information and communication technology (ICT) and the basic parts and functions of a computer. It defines key terms like data, information, hardware, and software. It describes how a computer works by taking in input from devices, processing data in the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, then outputting information through output devices. Finally, it lists and describes common input devices, output devices, data storage devices, and network devices that make up a basic computer system.
Computer repair and maintenance involves hardware and software repair. Common hardware issues include RAM failure, power problems, hard disk failure, processor failure, motherboard failure, and VGA failure. Cloning a system involves purchasing computer parts like a casing, motherboard, power supply, hard drive, and assembling them to make a complete computer. Formatting a disk and reinstalling Windows 7 involves entering the BIOS, booting from the Windows 7 DVD, selecting installation options, creating a user account, and setting up the network connection. BIOS is software that controls basic computer hardware functions and is stored on the motherboard chip.
The document provides information about computers and their components. It defines what a computer is and describes some key parts like the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output components. It also discusses the history of computers and important figures like Charles Babbage. Generations of computers are outlined and examples of components like processors, monitors, and printers are explained. Storage capacity units and memory types are also defined.
It is about the hardware and software components of the computer.
<a>Visit our sitel</a>
here you can get more information about technology,business and finance,entertainment,games etc
The document defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, process the data according to instructions, produce information as output, and store information for future use. It describes the basic components of a computer as hardware and software. The key hardware components include the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage, input devices like keyboards and mice, and output devices like monitors and printers. The document also provides definitions and examples of different types of computers classified by size and power, including personal computers, laptops, workstations, minicomputers, and mainframes.
This document provides an introduction and overview of basic computer concepts for a computer essentials course. It defines what a computer is, explaining that computers follow user instructions quickly as calculators. It also defines the components of a computer system and differences between hardware and software. Key concepts covered in 3 sentences or less include:
Computers consist of physical hardware that executes software instructions to perform tasks. Hardware includes input devices like keyboards and mice and output devices like monitors and printers. Memory and storage devices are also explained as important components for running programs and saving files.
This document provides an overview of basic computer concepts and skills. It discusses what a computer is, including the central processing unit, inputs, outputs, memory, storage, and basic units. It then covers operating systems, user interfaces, word processing programs, presentations, and how to format documents and slides. The document provides guidance on writing, formatting, inserting images and tables, and finishing documents and presentations.
This document provides an introduction to computing and describes different types of computers. It outlines the course, including assignments and marking schemes. Computers are defined as machines that can perform computations based on instructions. They are not intelligent on their own and require human programming. Various computer types are described for individual and organizational use, including desktops, notebooks, tablets, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. Supercomputers are the most powerful and are used for complex simulations in fields like weather forecasting and automotive safety testing. Students are directed to readings to supplement the course material.
The document summarizes a classroom observation activity carried out by the Learning Support Unit in 200 schools across 20 districts of Sindh, Pakistan from September 19th to October 8th, 2016. 40 team members observed classes in English, math, and science, conducted subject-based teacher assessments, and provided feedback. The objectives were to observe teaching pedagogies and assess teacher content knowledge. Key findings identified gaps in teacher training and areas for capacity building like classroom management, learning materials, and teaching skills.
The document discusses the importance of maintaining good hygiene practices such as handwashing to prevent the spread of illnesses like COVID-19. It recommends washing hands with soap and water for 20 seconds, especially after using the bathroom, before eating, and after blowing your nose or coughing. Following basic hygiene guidelines can help protect yourself and others from getting sick.
The document discusses the key parts of a computer system, including both hardware and software. Software includes operating systems like Windows and application programs. Hardware includes input devices like keyboards and mice, processing devices like the central processing unit (CPU) that performs calculations, and output devices like monitors and printers that display or print information for the user. Together, hardware and software work together to power computer systems.
The document discusses different types of computers including palmtop, laptop, and mainframe computers. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer and software as programs that run on hardware. The main hardware components are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input devices, output devices, and storage devices. The CPU consists of a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Memory includes both random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Software includes operating systems, application software, and utility software. An operating system controls the computer and allows other programs to run.
Ms. Reinze Vito welcomes the viewer to her online classroom and provides her email for contact. The document then defines key computer terms and describes the basic components and functions of a computer system, including hardware like the system unit, peripherals for input, output, and storage, as well as software like operating systems and applications. It explains that hardware is the physical equipment, software is instructions that tell the computer how to work, operating systems support basic functions, and applications perform specific tasks for the user.
This document discusses computer input and output devices. It lists common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera, and microphone. It states that the keyboard and mouse are the most widely used input devices. It also discusses common output devices like the monitor and printer. It provides details on different types of monitors like LCD and CRT, and different types of printers like inkjet and laser printers.
This document provides an overview of computers, including their classification, components, and generations. It discusses how computers can be classified based on technology, purpose, function, and size/speed. The main components of a computer are hardware and software. Hardware includes physical parts like input/output devices and storage. Software includes system software, applications, and utilities. The document also outlines the five generations of computers from the first vacuum tube-based generation to the emerging fifth generation focused on artificial intelligence.
introduction to Basic parts of the computerclark bro
The document introduces the basic parts of a computer, including input devices like the keyboard, mouse, and microphone, and output devices like the monitor, printer, and speakers. It defines each part and their functions, such as the keyboard being used to enter text and numbers, the mouse being a pointing device, the monitor displaying output, and the speakers producing sound. It also defines input and output devices, with input devices taking data into the computer and output devices displaying the processed results. Finally, it discusses why computers are important for their accuracy, speed, and ability to store large amounts of data and perform complex tasks.
The document discusses the various hardware components that make up a computer system. It describes the central processing unit (CPU) as the "brain" of the computer that processes data. It also explains the different types of input devices like keyboards and mice, as well as output devices like monitors and printers. Additionally, it outlines various storage devices that preserve data, such as hard disks, flash drives, and CDs/DVDs.
A computer is an electronic device that receives input, processes it, and provides output based on instructions. Charles Babbage is considered the father of computers for designing the Analytical Engine in 1822. A computer system includes input devices, a central processing unit, output devices, storage devices, an operating system, and software. Computers are widely used for calculations, entertainment, communication, and obtaining information. They must be handled carefully and used properly to avoid damage.
Rajat Singla presented on computer hardware. He discussed that computer hardware includes components like the case, monitor, keyboard and mouse. He then explained the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, input devices and output devices that make up computer hardware. Storage devices store instructions and data and include magnetic and optical storage options.
The document discusses the history and components of the central processing unit (CPU). It describes how the CPU originated from concepts developed in the 1940s and evolved from large mainframe computers to smaller microprocessors. The key components of the CPU are the control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and memory unit. The CPU functions by fetching instructions from memory, decoding and translating them, executing calculations and data movement, and storing results.
Input devices capture information from the external environment and translate it into a format readable by computers. Common input devices include keyboards, pointing devices like mice and trackballs, game controllers, scanners, styluses, microphones, and digital cameras. Output devices take the information processed by computers and present it to users in a form they can understand, like monitors to display visual information and speakers to output audio.
This document provides an introduction to information and communication technology (ICT) and the basic parts and functions of a computer. It defines key terms like data, information, hardware, and software. It describes how a computer works by taking in input from devices, processing data in the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, then outputting information through output devices. Finally, it lists and describes common input devices, output devices, data storage devices, and network devices that make up a basic computer system.
Computer repair and maintenance involves hardware and software repair. Common hardware issues include RAM failure, power problems, hard disk failure, processor failure, motherboard failure, and VGA failure. Cloning a system involves purchasing computer parts like a casing, motherboard, power supply, hard drive, and assembling them to make a complete computer. Formatting a disk and reinstalling Windows 7 involves entering the BIOS, booting from the Windows 7 DVD, selecting installation options, creating a user account, and setting up the network connection. BIOS is software that controls basic computer hardware functions and is stored on the motherboard chip.
The document provides information about computers and their components. It defines what a computer is and describes some key parts like the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output components. It also discusses the history of computers and important figures like Charles Babbage. Generations of computers are outlined and examples of components like processors, monitors, and printers are explained. Storage capacity units and memory types are also defined.
It is about the hardware and software components of the computer.
<a>Visit our sitel</a>
here you can get more information about technology,business and finance,entertainment,games etc
The document defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, process the data according to instructions, produce information as output, and store information for future use. It describes the basic components of a computer as hardware and software. The key hardware components include the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage, input devices like keyboards and mice, and output devices like monitors and printers. The document also provides definitions and examples of different types of computers classified by size and power, including personal computers, laptops, workstations, minicomputers, and mainframes.
This document provides an introduction and overview of basic computer concepts for a computer essentials course. It defines what a computer is, explaining that computers follow user instructions quickly as calculators. It also defines the components of a computer system and differences between hardware and software. Key concepts covered in 3 sentences or less include:
Computers consist of physical hardware that executes software instructions to perform tasks. Hardware includes input devices like keyboards and mice and output devices like monitors and printers. Memory and storage devices are also explained as important components for running programs and saving files.
This document provides an overview of basic computer concepts and skills. It discusses what a computer is, including the central processing unit, inputs, outputs, memory, storage, and basic units. It then covers operating systems, user interfaces, word processing programs, presentations, and how to format documents and slides. The document provides guidance on writing, formatting, inserting images and tables, and finishing documents and presentations.
This document provides an introduction to computing and describes different types of computers. It outlines the course, including assignments and marking schemes. Computers are defined as machines that can perform computations based on instructions. They are not intelligent on their own and require human programming. Various computer types are described for individual and organizational use, including desktops, notebooks, tablets, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. Supercomputers are the most powerful and are used for complex simulations in fields like weather forecasting and automotive safety testing. Students are directed to readings to supplement the course material.
The document summarizes a classroom observation activity carried out by the Learning Support Unit in 200 schools across 20 districts of Sindh, Pakistan from September 19th to October 8th, 2016. 40 team members observed classes in English, math, and science, conducted subject-based teacher assessments, and provided feedback. The objectives were to observe teaching pedagogies and assess teacher content knowledge. Key findings identified gaps in teacher training and areas for capacity building like classroom management, learning materials, and teaching skills.
The document discusses the importance of maintaining good hygiene practices such as handwashing to prevent the spread of illnesses like COVID-19. It recommends washing hands with soap and water for 20 seconds, especially after using the bathroom, before eating, and after blowing your nose or coughing. Following basic hygiene guidelines can help protect yourself and others from getting sick.
This document discusses various types of alkaloids found in fungi. It describes how alkaloids are classified and some of their main functions, such as acting as protective agents against insects and herbivores. Specific examples of alkaloids from fungi are provided, including ergot alkaloids from the claviceps fungi that have medical uses, loline alkaloids from endophytic fungi that are insecticidal, and psilocybin from psilocybin mushrooms that cause hallucinations when ingested. The document also briefly mentions oxaline from Penicillium fungi and paramine from Neotyphodium grass endophytes.
The document discusses three social media platforms - Facebook, Snapchat, and Instagram. For Facebook, the author enjoys keeping in touch with family, sharing family photos, and seeing memories from past years. Snapchat is used for funny filters, sharing photos with friends while knowing if they are saved, and FaceTiming with an out-of-state best friend. Instagram allows editing photos, sharing across other sites with one click, and editing photos later for framing.
O documento descreve as atividades musicais realizadas em um curso de educação infantil ao longo de um semestre. As aulas semanais incluíam músicas, brincadeiras e exploração de instrumentos musicais para desenvolver conceitos como ritmo e altura. Além disso, celebrações como o Dia das Mães e a Festa Junina foram ocasiões para apresentações musicais com as crianças.
Ziram (Ramipril Tablets), is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and congestive heart failure. ACE inhibitors decreases your body’s production of substances that could raise your blood pressure and thus relax the muscles around small arteries (arterioles). The arterioles expand and allow blood to flow through more easily. This reduces blood pressure.
Sequence alig Sequence Alignment Pairwise alignment:-naveed ul mushtaq
Sequence Alignment Pairwise alignment:- Global Alignment and Local AlignmentTwo types of alignment Progressive Programs for multiple sequence alignment BLOSUM Point accepted mutation (PAM)PAM VS BLOSUM
This document provides information on naming and writing formulas for various types of chemical compounds including:
1) Binary ionic compounds consisting of a metal and non-metal are named by writing the metal followed by the non-metal with "ide" ending. The chemical formula is written with the symbols.
2) Ionic compounds with multivalent metals or polyatomic ions are named using prefixes like "ous" and "ic". Formulas include charges in parentheses.
3) Molecular compounds of non-metals are named by writing the non-metals with the second element having an "ide" ending. Prefixes are converted to subscripts in formulas.
TEC Container is a global company that operates worldwide. They provide container shipping services internationally. TEC Container has a presence on every continent to facilitate transportation of goods globally.
HMSHost International: The Global Human Capital Management JourneyADP, LLC
Learn how HMSHost International, has one consistent view of its workforce around the globe, achieving higher employee engagement and consistency in HR processes and systems.
This CV summarizes the qualifications and experience of an individual experienced in hotel food and beverage management. He has over 10 years of experience managing F&B departments in hotels and proven leadership skills in team management. His responsibilities included managing banquet and restaurant operations, supervising staff, ensuring quality and compliance with policies. He has a bachelor's degree in hotel management and certificates in health and safety, food hygiene, and other relevant training.
Basic computer for_small_business by rajesh valangaimansakkara123
This document provides an overview of basic computer hardware, software, and concepts for small businesses. It defines key computer terms and components like the CPU, motherboard, memory, storage, input and output devices. It also explains how software programs tell the computer what to do and gives examples like Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Excel. Finally, it provides a basic quiz to test understanding of computer fundamentals.
Basic computer for_small_business from rajeshsakkara123
This document provides an overview of basic computer hardware, software, and concepts for small businesses. It defines key computer terms and components like the CPU, motherboard, memory, storage, input and output devices. It also explains how software programs tell the computer what to do and how the operating system loads from storage to memory at startup. The document contains a basic computer quiz to test understanding.
This document provides an overview of basic computer concepts including hardware, software, input and output devices, and how computers work. It defines key terms and provides examples. It includes a quiz to test understanding and answers. The document is intended as a basic introduction and reference for computer literacy.
This document provides an overview of basic computer concepts including:
- Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer like the monitor, keyboard, and printer.
- Computer software includes programs that tell the computer what to do, like Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Excel.
- The motherboard is located inside the CPU case and holds the microprocessor, memory, and other crucial components that control the computer's operation.
This document provides an overview of basic computer concepts including hardware, software, input and output devices, and how computers work. It discusses that computers have two main parts - hardware which are the physical components like the monitor, keyboard, and printer, and software which are programs like Microsoft Word and PowerPoint. It also explains common computer terms and provides a basic computer quiz and answers.
This document provides an overview of computers. It defines a computer as an electronic device that performs calculations and processes information. Computers have two main parts: hardware and software. The hardware are the physical and tangible parts like the central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. The software are programs like Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Excel that tell the computer what to do. Computer input devices such as keyboards, mice and scanners are used to input information into the computer. Output devices like monitors and printers are used to output information from the computer.
This document provides an overview of basic computer vocabulary and concepts. It defines what a computer is and discusses the two main parts of a computer: hardware and software. It describes examples of computer hardware like the monitor, CPU, keyboard, and printer. It defines computer software as programs that tell the computer what to do. It also discusses computer input devices like the keyboard and mouse, as well as output devices like the monitor and printer. The document provides a basic understanding of how computers work and includes a quiz and answers about computer terms.
This document provides an introduction to basic computer hardware, software, and concepts for small businesses. It defines what a computer is and explains that computers have two main parts: hardware and software. Hardware refers to the physical parts like the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and printer. Software refers to programs that tell the computer what to do, like Microsoft Word. The document also covers input and output devices, how computers work, basic terms, and how the internet can help small businesses.
This document provides an overview of basic computer hardware, software, and concepts for small businesses. It defines a computer as a device that processes information and has two main parts: hardware and software. Hardware refers to the physical components like the monitor, keyboard, and printer. Software includes programs like Microsoft Word and Excel. The document also explains input and output devices, how computers work, basic terms, and quizzes readers with multiple choice questions.
This document provides an overview of basic computer hardware, software, input/output devices, and how a computer works. It defines what a computer is and its main components. It explains that computers have hardware, which are the physical parts like the monitor, keyboard, and CPU. It also has software, which are programs that tell the computer what to do like Microsoft Word. The document also includes a basic computer quiz and definitions of common computer terms.
The document provides definitions and explanations of basic computer terms and components. It describes that a computer has hardware and software, with hardware being the physical parts like the monitor, keyboard, CPU, etc. and software being programs that tell the computer what to do. It also explains input and output devices, how the motherboard and memory work together, and gives definitions for common terms like files, folders, and hard drives.
This document provides an overview of computers and their basic components. It defines what a computer is and explains computer hardware such as the central processing unit, memory, storage, and input/output devices. It also discusses computer software, how information is input and output from a computer, and how the basic components work together. The document then gives examples of computer hardware, software, input devices, and output devices. It also provides instructions on how to create an email account and describes several job-oriented computer courses for graduates.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
A computer is an electronic machine that can process data, store information, and produce output. It consists of both hardware and software. The hardware includes the system unit, monitor, keyboard, and other peripherals. The software includes operating systems and application programs. When a computer is powered on, it goes through the booting process to start up. Users can then log in, navigate the desktop interface, open programs and files, and perform tasks. Computers come in different types but most common are digital computers that use binary digits for calculations.
This document discusses computer hardware and software. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer like the monitor, mouse, and case. Software or programs provide instructions to the hardware to perform tasks. There are two main types of software: operating systems and application programs. Operating systems act as an interface between the user and computer hardware by managing tasks, data storage, and communication between applications. Common operating systems for personal computers include Windows, Macintosh, Linux, and Unix.
The document provides an introduction to computers including definitions of key computer terms and components. It discusses that a computer has two main parts: hardware and software. The hardware is the physical machinery, while the software are programs that tell the computer what to do. Examples of hardware include the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and storage devices like hard drives. The document also discusses input and output devices, as well as how computers work by accepting input, processing it, and providing output. It provides definitions of common computer terms and components like the CPU, RAM, and motherboard.
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the case, central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard.[1][2]
By contrast, software is the set of instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware is so-termed because it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.
Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.
Von Neumann architecture
Main articles: Von Neumann architecture and Stored-program computer
Von Neumann architecture scheme
The template for all modern computers is the Von Neumann architecture, detailed in a 1945 paper by Hungarian mathematician John von Neumann. This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with subdivisions of a processing unit consisting of an arithmetic logic unit and processor registers, a control unit containing an instruction register and program counter, a memory to store both data and instructions, external mass storage, and input and output mechanisms.[3] The meaning of the term has evolved to mean a stored-program computer in which an instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time because they share a common bus. This is referred to as the Von Neumann bottleneck and often limits the performance of the system.[4]
Personal computer
Basic hardware components of a personal computer, including a monitor, a motherboard, a CPU, a RAM, two expansion cards, a power supply, an optical disc drive, a hard disk drive, a keyboard and a mouse
Inside a custom-built computer: power supply at the bottom has its own cooling fan
The personal computer is one of the most common types of computer due to its versatility and relatively low price. Desktop personal computers have a monitor, a keyboard, a mouse, and a computer case. The computer case holds the motherboard, fixed or removable disk drives for data storage, the power supply, and may contain other peripheral devices such as modems or network interfaces. Some models of desktop computers integrated the monitor and keyboard into the same case as the processor and power supply. Separating the elements allows the user to arrange the components in a pleasing, comfortable array, at the cost of managing power and data cables between them.
Laptops are designed for portability but operate similarly to desktop PCs.[5] They may use lower-power or reduced size components, with lower performance than a similarly priced desktop computer.[6] Laptops contain the keyboard, display, and processor in one case. The monitor in the folding upper cover of the case can be closed for transportation, to protect the screen and keyboard. Instead of a mouse, laptops may have a touchpad or pointing
This document discusses different types of computers and their basic components. It explains that computers have two main parts: hardware and software. Hardware refers to the physical and tangible components like keyboards, mice, monitors, drives, etc. Software refers to the programs and operating instructions used to operate the hardware. The document provides examples of different hardware components including monitors, disk drives, flash drives, and describes how they are used. It also discusses basic input devices like keyboards and their functions.
This document provides an outline for a computer course covering topics such as grading, attendance, exams, hardware components, software, the internet, and basic applications. Grading will be based on attendance, quizzes, practical exams, class participation, and a final exam. Hardware topics include basic computer components, the anatomy of computer systems, and input/output devices. Software topics cover operating systems and desktop usage. Other sections introduce computer networks, the internet, and commonly used applications like Word, Excel and PowerPoint.
The document discusses system software and its components. System software includes the operating system, language processors, utility software, and device drivers. The operating system controls internal computer operations like reading input, processing data, and sending output. It also includes functions like booting up the computer, loading files into memory. There are two types of booting - cold booting which occurs on startup and warm booting which occurs when resetting an already running computer. The system software helps applications run properly and manages hardware.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
2. Definition of ComputerDefinition of Computer
A device that computes,A device that computes,
especially a programmableespecially a programmable
electronic machine thatelectronic machine that
performs high-speedperforms high-speed
mathematical or logicalmathematical or logical
operations or thatoperations or that
assembles, stores,assembles, stores,
correlates, or otherwisecorrelates, or otherwise
processes information.processes information.
3. What is a Computer?What is a Computer?
A general-purpose machine thatA general-purpose machine that
processes data according to a set ofprocesses data according to a set of
instructions that are stored internallyinstructions that are stored internally
either temporarily or permanently.either temporarily or permanently.
4. 11/04/1511/04/15 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers 44
A ComputerA Computer
SystemSystem
HardwareHardware
SoftwareSoftware
UserUser
Hardware
Software
User
5. 11/04/1511/04/15 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers 55
A Computer SystemA Computer System
(Contd.)(Contd.)
In general, a computer is a machine whichIn general, a computer is a machine which
accepts data, processes it and returns newaccepts data, processes it and returns new
information as output.information as output.
Data Information
Processing
6. 11/04/1511/04/15 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers 66
History of Evolution Of ComputersHistory of Evolution Of Computers
Two Eras:Two Eras:
Mechanical Era (Before 1945)Mechanical Era (Before 1945)
Electronic Era (1945 - )Electronic Era (1945 - )
Can be divided into generationsCan be divided into generations..
First Generation (1945 – 1954)First Generation (1945 – 1954)
Second Generation (1955 – 1964)Second Generation (1955 – 1964)
Third Generation (1965 – 1974)Third Generation (1965 – 1974)
Fourth Generation (1975 - )Fourth Generation (1975 - )
7. 11/04/1511/04/15 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers 77
Types ofTypes of
ComputersComputers
On the basis of Computing Power & Size:On the basis of Computing Power & Size:
Laptop / PalmtopLaptop / Palmtop
Micro Computer / DesktopMicro Computer / Desktop
Mini Computer / MainframeMini Computer / Mainframe
Super ComputerSuper Computer
8. 11/04/1511/04/15 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers 88
Language ofLanguage of
ComputersComputers
Computers only understand the electronicComputers only understand the electronic
signals.signals.
Either Current is flowing or not.Either Current is flowing or not.
Current Flowing : ONCurrent Flowing : ON
Current Not Flowing : OFFCurrent Not Flowing : OFF
Binary LanguageBinary Language
ON : 1ON : 1
OFF : 0OFF : 0
Bit, Byte, KB, MB, GBBit, Byte, KB, MB, GB
9. Computers Have Two Main PartsComputers Have Two Main Parts
1.1. Computer HardwareComputer Hardware
2.2. Computer SoftwareComputer Software
10. What is Computer Hardware?What is Computer Hardware?
Computer Hardware is theComputer Hardware is the
physical part of the computerphysical part of the computer
system, the machinery andsystem, the machinery and
equipment.equipment.
Parts of the computer “you canParts of the computer “you can
see”see”
11. Examples of Computer HardwareExamples of Computer Hardware
Monitor: T.V. like screen used to show pictures and
words
CPU: Central Processing Unit this is where most of
the computer’s calculations take place. In terms of
computing power, the CPU is the most important
element of a computing system.
Keyboard: This device is used to type
information into the computer and contains the
numbers 0-9.
12. More Computer HardwareMore Computer Hardware
Mouse: a small device, which you move across the top of
the desk to move the pointer or cursor on the screen.
Printer: used to make a paper copy of the information
into the computer.
Image Scanner: an electronic device that generates a
digital representation of an image for data input to a
computer
13. What is Computer Software?What is Computer Software?
Computer Software are programs that tell theComputer Software are programs that tell the
computer what to do.computer what to do.
ExamplesExamples
Microsoft Word-word processing programMicrosoft Word-word processing program
Microsoft PowerPoint-presentation programMicrosoft PowerPoint-presentation program
Microsoft Excel-work book program used toMicrosoft Excel-work book program used to
track, calculate, and analyze numeric datatrack, calculate, and analyze numeric data
14. SoftwareSoftware
System softwareSystem software
Operating SystemOperating System is the baseis the base
program on a computer isprogram on a computer is
considered system software. Itconsidered system software. It
tells the computer how to work ortells the computer how to work or
operate. The operating systemoperate. The operating system
also allows you to load otheralso allows you to load other
programs that do specialized tasksprograms that do specialized tasks
on to your computer.on to your computer.
(ex. Windows XP and Vista)(ex. Windows XP and Vista)
15. SoftwareSoftware
Application softwareApplication software
Application softwareApplication software allows youallows you
to accomplish one or more specificto accomplish one or more specific
(non-computer related) tasks. Such(non-computer related) tasks. Such
as computer games foras computer games for
entertainment or Microsoft Word forentertainment or Microsoft Word for
typing.typing.
16. SoftwareSoftware
Programming softwareProgramming software
Programming softwareProgramming software
provides tools to assist aprovides tools to assist a
computer programmer incomputer programmer in
writing programs andwriting programs and
software.software.
17. 11/04/1511/04/15 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers 1717
Advantages of UsingAdvantages of Using
ComputersComputers SpeedSpeed:: Computers can carry out instructions in lessComputers can carry out instructions in less
than a millionth of a second.than a millionth of a second.
AccuracyAccuracy :: Computers can do the calculationsComputers can do the calculations
without errors and very accurately.without errors and very accurately.
DiligenceDiligence :: Computers are capable of performingComputers are capable of performing
any task given to them repetitively.any task given to them repetitively.
Storage CapacityStorage Capacity :: Computers can store largeComputers can store large
volume of data and information on magnetic media.volume of data and information on magnetic media.
19. How to start?How to start?
Power UpPower Up
Turning on your ComputerTurning on your Computer
Universal Power Symbol –Universal Power Symbol – mostmost
electronic devices such aselectronic devices such as
computers, printers and scannerscomputers, printers and scanners
will have a button that displays thiswill have a button that displays this
symbol. Simply, press thesymbol. Simply, press the
corresponding button to power upcorresponding button to power up
your computer.your computer.
Turning off your ComputerTurning off your Computer
When powering down yourWhen powering down your
computer, check to make sure allcomputer, check to make sure all
programs are closed and files areprograms are closed and files are
saved. Properly remove anysaved. Properly remove any
connected devices, such as Mp3connected devices, such as Mp3
players and USB Flash Drives.players and USB Flash Drives.
Click “Start” then “Shutdown” toClick “Start” then “Shutdown” to
power off your computer.power off your computer.
20. Operating SystemOperating System
is the operatingis the operating
system used for this class. As ansystem used for this class. As an
operating system Windows XPoperating system Windows XP
manages all that the computermanages all that the computer
does. The main screen is calleddoes. The main screen is called
the "Desktop" you can get tothe "Desktop" you can get to
everything your computer can do. everything your computer can do.
22. IconsIcons
On the desktop screen you will seeOn the desktop screen you will see
several small pictures. These picturesseveral small pictures. These pictures
are called "Icons." Double clicking theare called "Icons." Double clicking the
left mouse button on an Icon will startleft mouse button on an Icon will start
the programs it represents. Anotherthe programs it represents. Another
way to start programs is by using theway to start programs is by using the
“Start” button can do. “Start” button can do.
24. ““Start”Start”
The "Start" button is probably the mostThe "Start" button is probably the most
used part of the Windows Desktop. Theused part of the Windows Desktop. The
start button is where you access all thestart button is where you access all the
programs on the computer. When youprograms on the computer. When you
clickclick on the "Start" button you will beon the "Start" button you will be
shown a menu of the major computershown a menu of the major computer
headings. These headings provideheadings. These headings provide
access to the major programs on youraccess to the major programs on your
computer.computer.
“Start”
25. MenusMenus
When youWhen you clickclick on the "Start" button a menuon the "Start" button a menu
with options will appear. Moving the mousewith options will appear. Moving the mouse
over the items in the menu causes them toover the items in the menu causes them to
highlight. highlight. ClickingClicking on a highlighted item willon a highlighted item will
open that program. To close the "Start" menuopen that program. To close the "Start" menu
clickclick on the screen anywhere other then theon the screen anywhere other then the
menu.menu.
27. Selecting a programSelecting a program
Moving the mouse over a menuMoving the mouse over a menu
item marked with an arrow asitem marked with an arrow as
shown below will open anothershown below will open another
list with more options.list with more options.
28. Selecting a programSelecting a program
To see all the programsTo see all the programs
available for you to use onavailable for you to use on
your computeryour computer clickclick on theon the
Start button and in the menuStart button and in the menu
that appears, highlight thethat appears, highlight the
item named “Programs.” Aitem named “Programs.” A
new list will appear thatnew list will appear that
holds more selections. holds more selections.
Explore these lists to see allExplore these lists to see all
the programs available tothe programs available to
you. When you have foundyou. When you have found
the program that you wantthe program that you want
to useto use clickclick on its icon.on its icon.
“Programs” List
29. TaskbarTaskbar
The taskbar can be recognized by the "Start"The taskbar can be recognized by the "Start"
button located on its left hand side and the clockbutton located on its left hand side and the clock
on its right. To switch between programs that areon its right. To switch between programs that are
running at the same time,running at the same time, clickclick on the programon the program
buttons shown on the taskbar. This isbuttons shown on the taskbar. This is
demonstrated below. Windows has the ability todemonstrated below. Windows has the ability to
run several programs at once and to easily switchrun several programs at once and to easily switch
back and forth between running programs. Allback and forth between running programs. All
programs currently running are shown on theprograms currently running are shown on the
windowswindows "taskbar.""taskbar." The taskbar is a bar with The taskbar is a bar with
pictures on in it that runs across the very bottompictures on in it that runs across the very bottom
of the screen. of the screen.
“Taskbar”
30. What is a “Window”?What is a “Window”?
A Window is one of many basic feature ofA Window is one of many basic feature of
the Microsoft Windows Operating Systemthe Microsoft Windows Operating System
Software. Windows allow you performSoftware. Windows allow you perform
multiple tasks by running multiplemultiple tasks by running multiple
programs simultaneously.programs simultaneously.
32. Moving your programMoving your program
window.window.
ClickClick and hold down the mouse button on theand hold down the mouse button on the
colored bar at the top of any program window. colored bar at the top of any program window.
While holding down the mouse button drag theWhile holding down the mouse button drag the
window to where you would like it on the screen. window to where you would like it on the screen.
This cannot be done when a window is open toThis cannot be done when a window is open to
full screen.full screen.
“Colored Bar”
33. Moving your programMoving your program
window.window.
Close --Close -- ClickClick on theon the
button marked with an “x.” button marked with an “x.”
ClickingClicking on this button stopson this button stops
the program you are using.the program you are using.
Restore --Restore -- This button willThis button will
restore a program's windowrestore a program's window
to its original size. Theto its original size. The
original size of a window isoriginal size of a window is
a little bit smaller then fulla little bit smaller then full
screen.screen.
34. Moving your programMoving your program
window.window.
Resizing --Resizing -- When the mouseWhen the mouse
(cursor) is positioned over this part of(cursor) is positioned over this part of
the program window, a set of arrowsthe program window, a set of arrows
appears. When these arrows appearappears. When these arrows appear
clickclick and hold the mouse buttonand hold the mouse button
down. You will now be able to stretchdown. You will now be able to stretch
the program window in any direction.the program window in any direction.
Resizing”
35. Black arrows appear when pointing to any edge of a Window, left click and hold to resize.
36. Computer Input DevicesComputer Input Devices
Computer Devices that input information in theComputer Devices that input information in the
computercomputer
ExamplesExamples
Key BoardKey Board
MouseMouse
ScannerScanner
Digital CameraDigital Camera
37. Computer Output DevicesComputer Output Devices
Computer Devices that output informationComputer Devices that output information
from the computer.from the computer.
ExamplesExamples
MonitorMonitor
39. Two Common Types of PrintersTwo Common Types of Printers
An inkjet printer usually prints in
color. It prints by squirting out
small dots of ink onto the paper.
A laser printer uses a laser beam to
create an image that is transferred to
paper. It uses toner and a drum. The
ink is powder.
40. The CPU is also
called the
microprocessor. The
word “micro” means
small. Since the CPU
is located on a small
computer chip about
1 inch square, that
makes sense!
41. Random Access MemoryRandom Access Memory
When a computer
processes information, it
uses software programs.
Each program requires a
certain amount of
electronic memory, or RAM
(Random Access Memory)
to run correctly.
42. RAM is temporary memory. The
computer holds information in this memory
and gets it when it needs it.
If a computer has more RAM, it can solve
problems and process information faster! If
you’re updating your computer, more RAM is
a great thing to add!
43. Read-Only MemoryRead-Only Memory
A second kind of computer memory is
ROM, which stands for Read-Only
Memory. This memory is permanent.
The information there was put there when
the computer was made. The computer
needs the information in it’s ROM
memory in order to function.
44. General Understanding of howGeneral Understanding of how
your computer works!your computer works!
OverviewOverview
To understand anything it helps to break it down into it's basicTo understand anything it helps to break it down into it's basic
components. Then you need to know how each componentcomponents. Then you need to know how each component
works. Finally you look at how all the components workworks. Finally you look at how all the components work
together to achieve the desired end product or result.together to achieve the desired end product or result.
MotherboardMotherboard
It is the mainIt is the main circuit boardcircuit board inside the CPU case. It holds theinside the CPU case. It holds the
microprocessor, memory and other crucial circuits andmicroprocessor, memory and other crucial circuits and
components that control the operation of the Personalcomponents that control the operation of the Personal
Computer. Every device inside or connected to a PersonalComputer. Every device inside or connected to a Personal
Computer finds it's way to this board.Computer finds it's way to this board.
45. Computer HardwareComputer Hardware
Hard DriveHard Drive
MotherboardMotherboard
Sound Card and Video CardSound Card and Video Card
Memory CardMemory Card
Power SupplyPower Supply
NIC CardNIC Card
BIOSBIOS
46. Hard Disk DriveHard Disk Drive
The Hard Disk Drive is a magnetic storage device. All the computer programs
and files you create and save are located there. This is permanent storage
(at least until you uninstall software or delete a file). The hard drive is normally
signified by the drive letter “C”. Today’s hard drives can store a HUGE amount
of information. A new computer might have a hard drive that will hold 250
GB’s!
47. Inside the Hard Disk Drive case you’ll find
circular disks that are made of steel. On the
disks, there are many tracks, or cylinders. An
electronic reading device called the head
passes back and forth over the cylinders,
reading information from the disk or writing to
it.
48. Hard Disk Drives use Magnetic Recording
Techniques. The magnetic medium can be
easily erased and rewritten and will
“remember” the magnetic flux patterns
stored on it for many years!
49. Hard Disk Drives can spin at 7200 or more rpm’s (Revolutions Per Minute).
That means in one minute, the hard drive spins around more than 7200
times!
51. Your computer couldn’t work without the motherboard. It ties everything
together! It allows every part of your computer to receive power and communicate
with each other. Everything that runs the computer or enhances it’s performance is
either part of the motherboard or plugs into one of it’s expansion slots or ports.
52. Sound and Video CardsSound and Video Cards
Sound and Video Cards are Output
Devices. They contain special circuits
that allow your computer to play
sounds and display graphics on your
monitor.
53. Memory CardMemory Card
RAM cards will remember what you tell them and can even change to remember
new information. But, when the computer is turned off, it forgets everything you
did! That’s why you always save your work!
ROM is good at remembering, but cannot change it’s mind. It holds the
information that was built into it!
Remember RAM (Random Access Memory)
and ROM (Read-Only Memory)?
54. Power SupplyPower Supply
If there is any one component that is absolutely vital to the operation of a
computer, it is the power supply! Without it, a computer is just a box full of
plastic and metal. The power supply converts the alternating current (AC) line
from your home or school to the direct current (DC) needed by the computer.
55. You can see the power supply from
the back of your computer because
of the power cord and the cooling
fan.
Computers put out a LOT of heat and
need the fan to keep them from
overheating.
56. Network Interface CardNetwork Interface Card
A NIC card (Network Interface Card)
allows your computer to talk to other
computers! A cable called Cat5 is
plugged into the NIC card and your
computer can then be attached to a
network and be on the internet!
57. BIOS CHIPBIOS CHIP
A BIOS chip (Basic Input Output System)
is a very important computer component.
In simple terms, the BIOS chip wakes up
the computer when you turn it on and
reminds it what parts it has and what they
do!
59. I’ve heard those words,I’ve heard those words,
but what’s a Byte??but what’s a Byte??
All the information that moves
through your computer is
based on 2 commands.
That’s all, just two. The two
commands are ON and OFF.
They are symbolized by 1’s
and 0’s.
60. That’s right! The only information your
computer can understand is ON (1) and
OFF (0)!
The millions of combinations of those two
commands given in series are what makes
your computer work.
61. The memory chips in
your computer are
divided into thousands of
tiny compartments called
bits.
Each and every bit has
an electronic switch, or
gate. ON means the
gate is open and letting
electricity through.
62. Remember, the computer reads ON or
open bits or switches as the number 1.
Closed switches are OFF because
electricity can’t get through.
The computer reads OFF bits or
switches as 0.
63. It is by grouping these bits together to form
1/0 commands that data is formed.
Remember bytes? Eight bits are grouped
together to form one byte.
In that group of 8, there are 256 possible
combinations of 1/0. Wow!!
The grouping of 1/0 within a byte is called
Binary Code.
Binary Code is the language of computers.
64. Here is an example of Binary Code: when
you type in the letter A on your keyboard,
electrical signals are sent from the keyboard
to the CPU. The CPU turns the signals into
Binary Code. Then the computer reads the
code and sends it on to the monitor to display
the letter A. All of that happens in an instant!
66. Megabytes and GigabytesMegabytes and Gigabytes
One megabyte equals one million bytes. So, a computer with 512
megabytes of RAM (Random Access Memory) means the computer
can handle 512,000,000
(512 million) bytes of RAM.
Hard disk space is also measured in bytes. So, a 200 GB Hard Disk
Drive has 200,000,000,000 (200 billion) bytes for storing memory!
67. To get an idea of how
much on/off (1/0) data a
computer can store,
imagine pressing any
key 1 billion times. How
long would it take?
68. You would have to press a key 5 times
a second non-stop for over 6 YEARS to
reach 1 billion keystrokes.
One billion keystrokes equals just
1 GB of memory!
Think about that the next time you think
a webpage is loading too slowly!
69. MemoryMemory
The mother board takes the input you give it likeThe mother board takes the input you give it like mousemouse
clicksclicks, and produces output for you like displaying or, and produces output for you like displaying or
printing a file. It can't do this without memory. The PCprinting a file. It can't do this without memory. The PC
operating systemoperating system used by the PC is copied from storageused by the PC is copied from storage
to memory at power up. The OS copy in memory thento memory at power up. The OS copy in memory then
runs the PC. Memory is volatile which means that whenruns the PC. Memory is volatile which means that when
your PC is turned off the contents of memory are lost. Ityour PC is turned off the contents of memory are lost. It
is completely blank and must reloaded each time the PCis completely blank and must reloaded each time the PC
is powered up.is powered up.
StorageStorage
Storage is non-volatile which means it retains informationStorage is non-volatile which means it retains information
even when it is powered off. It stores programs which runeven when it is powered off. It stores programs which run
the PC as well as data, which is a digital form ofthe PC as well as data, which is a digital form of
everything you use like documents, music, pictures, etceverything you use like documents, music, pictures, etc
Input DevicesInput Devices
The keyboard and mouse are the main input devices youThe keyboard and mouse are the main input devices you
use to control your PC.use to control your PC.
70. Output DevicesOutput Devices
When you send inputs into the PC, it processes them andWhen you send inputs into the PC, it processes them and
produces useful output for you. The primary output devicesproduces useful output for you. The primary output devices
are the video display,are the video display, printerprinter and speakers.and speakers.
SoftwareSoftware
Some people want to use the power of theirSome people want to use the power of their computercomputer toto
create works of art, others want tocreate works of art, others want to create musiccreate music , or play, or play
games, surf the web, or play the stock market. Whatevergames, surf the web, or play the stock market. Whatever
you want to do with your computer, software is the key toyou want to do with your computer, software is the key to
doing it.doing it.
What happens when your PC is powered on?What happens when your PC is powered on?
With a simple push of a button, your computer comes toWith a simple push of a button, your computer comes to
life.life.
71. Basic Computer QuizBasic Computer Quiz
1.1. What is Computer Hardware?What is Computer Hardware?
2.2. What is Computer Software?What is Computer Software?
3.3. Can you operate a Computer with out the Computer Software?Can you operate a Computer with out the Computer Software?
4.4. How can Computer Software help your business?How can Computer Software help your business?
5.5. What are Computer Input devices?What are Computer Input devices?
6.6. What are Computer Output devices?What are Computer Output devices?
7.7. Where is the Mother Board located?Where is the Mother Board located?
8.8. Name a couple of Computer Software.Name a couple of Computer Software.
9.9. Define InternetDefine Internet
10.10. How would the Internet help your business?How would the Internet help your business?
72. Answers to Basic Computer QuizAnswers to Basic Computer Quiz
1.1. Computer Hardware is the physical part of the computer system, theComputer Hardware is the physical part of the computer system, the
machinery and equipment. For example: Monitor, Key Board, Printer andmachinery and equipment. For example: Monitor, Key Board, Printer and
more.more.
2.2. Computer Software are programs that tell the computer what to do. ForComputer Software are programs that tell the computer what to do. For
Example: Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint and more.Example: Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint and more.
3.3. No. You need Computer Software to operate a computer, with out theNo. You need Computer Software to operate a computer, with out the
computer software the computer will be nothing more than just computercomputer software the computer will be nothing more than just computer
hardware.hardware.
4.4. There are computer software that can help your business, for example,There are computer software that can help your business, for example,
Accounting software can help you do taxes and pay roll faster than byAccounting software can help you do taxes and pay roll faster than by
hand. The computer soft ware will calculate numbers for you.hand. The computer soft ware will calculate numbers for you.
5.5. Input Computer Devices are computer devices that input information intoInput Computer Devices are computer devices that input information into
the computer for example, the mouse, keyboard and scanner.the computer for example, the mouse, keyboard and scanner.
6.6. Output Computer Devices are computer devices that output informationOutput Computer Devices are computer devices that output information
from the computer like the printer and the monitor.from the computer like the printer and the monitor.
7.7. Mother Board is the mainMother Board is the main circuit boardcircuit board inside the CPU case. It holds theinside the CPU case. It holds the
microprocessor, memory and other crucial circuits and components thatmicroprocessor, memory and other crucial circuits and components that
control the operation of the Personal Computer.control the operation of the Personal Computer.
73. 8.8. Computer Software comes in many programs. Here are a few that you mightComputer Software comes in many programs. Here are a few that you might
be familiar with, Microsoft Word, for word processing documents, Microsoftbe familiar with, Microsoft Word, for word processing documents, Microsoft
PowerPoint for creating professional graphic slide presentations andPowerPoint for creating professional graphic slide presentations and
Microsoft Access for creating database.Microsoft Access for creating database.
99.. Internet: A world wide network that connects millions of computers to shareInternet: A world wide network that connects millions of computers to share
and exchange data, business, news, opinions, and research results. Theand exchange data, business, news, opinions, and research results. The
Internet is not the same as the World Wide Web (WWW). The World WideInternet is not the same as the World Wide Web (WWW). The World Wide
Web is a service that is provided on the Internet.Web is a service that is provided on the Internet.
10.10. The internet can advertise your business and network all over the world.The internet can advertise your business and network all over the world.
This will help your marketing and boost sales and networking for yourThis will help your marketing and boost sales and networking for your
business.business.
74. Basic Computer Terms and DefinitionsBasic Computer Terms and Definitions
CPU:CPU: This computer component has several names: Central Processing Unit,This computer component has several names: Central Processing Unit,
microprocessor or processor. This unit is the brain of the computer processes andmicroprocessor or processor. This unit is the brain of the computer processes and
executes instructions in a software program. The CPU’s primary functions includeexecutes instructions in a software program. The CPU’s primary functions include
retrieving instructions from the computer’s memory, including random accessretrieving instructions from the computer’s memory, including random access
memory, comprehending and executing instructions, and directing the input andmemory, comprehending and executing instructions, and directing the input and
output activity of the computer. output activity of the computer.
Desktop:Desktop: The first screen that you see when any Windows operating system screen isThe first screen that you see when any Windows operating system screen is
up and running. One of the main purposes of the Desktop is to make it easier toup and running. One of the main purposes of the Desktop is to make it easier to
access different application programs, files and documents.access different application programs, files and documents.
File:File: Unit for storing information that may include a word-processing document, aUnit for storing information that may include a word-processing document, a
spreadsheet, a picture, a graphic, musical piece, or even part of an applicationspreadsheet, a picture, a graphic, musical piece, or even part of an application
program. Examples of "files" include text files which could be a letter or report andprogram. Examples of "files" include text files which could be a letter or report and
graphic files which could be a picture. Each file has a name because the data orgraphic files which could be a picture. Each file has a name because the data or
information created in a software program is saved with a file name.information created in a software program is saved with a file name.
Folder:Folder: Method for organizing files that is related by topic, by purpose, by type, by Method for organizing files that is related by topic, by purpose, by type, by
program, or even by a project that you are working on. NOTE: When an applicationprogram, or even by a project that you are working on. NOTE: When an application
program is loaded onto your computer, it will group similar applications in a folder.program is loaded onto your computer, it will group similar applications in a folder.
As you add or create files, you can organize them however you want.As you add or create files, you can organize them however you want.
75. Hyperlink:Hyperlink: Allows you to move from one web page document to another. Allows you to move from one web page document to another.
It can be text which is usually underlined or a graphic. When you moveIt can be text which is usually underlined or a graphic. When you move
your mouse over a hyperlink, the mouse cursor usually becomes ayour mouse over a hyperlink, the mouse cursor usually becomes a
hand which indicates a hyperlink is present. Once you click onhand which indicates a hyperlink is present. Once you click on
the link, you move to another web page document or to another placethe link, you move to another web page document or to another place
on the same web page.on the same web page.
Icon:Icon: A small picture that represents processing options such asA small picture that represents processing options such as
programs, documents, and shortcuts. When you click on the icon, theprograms, documents, and shortcuts. When you click on the icon, the
file or program will open. The most easily recognized icon is thefile or program will open. The most easily recognized icon is the
Recycle Bin which is the graphic below. Recycle Bin which is the graphic below.
Input:Input: Commonly known as data and refers to numbers, letters, words,Commonly known as data and refers to numbers, letters, words,
images, video, music and even sounds. Other computer input includesimages, video, music and even sounds. Other computer input includes
commands and user response. A command directs the computer tocommands and user response. A command directs the computer to
execute tasks or perform certain activities. One example of aexecute tasks or perform certain activities. One example of a
command is a command buttons OK, Cancel and Help seen on the Shutcommand is a command buttons OK, Cancel and Help seen on the Shut
Down Windows dialog box.Down Windows dialog box.
Internet:Internet: A world wide network that connects millions of computers to A world wide network that connects millions of computers to
share and exchange data, news, opinions, and research results. Theshare and exchange data, news, opinions, and research results. The
Internet is not the same as the World Wide Web (WWW). The WorldInternet is not the same as the World Wide Web (WWW). The World
Wide Web is a service that is provided on the Internet. Wide Web is a service that is provided on the Internet.
Keyboard:Keyboard: The keyboard is an input device that allows you to enterThe keyboard is an input device that allows you to enter
letters, numbers and symbols into your computer. The keyboard keysletters, numbers and symbols into your computer. The keyboard keys
include the alphanumeric keys (letters and numbers), numeric keypad,include the alphanumeric keys (letters and numbers), numeric keypad,
76. Files and FoldersFiles and Folders :: Think of a computer folder as being similar to a filing cabinetThink of a computer folder as being similar to a filing cabinet
folder, whereas a computer file is similar to the pieces of paper that are placed in thefolder, whereas a computer file is similar to the pieces of paper that are placed in the
folders.folders.
Graphic User Interface (GUIGraphic User Interface (GUI ):): Combines text and graphics to make software easierCombines text and graphics to make software easier
to use. Graphical User Interface features include icons, windows, menus, andto use. Graphical User Interface features include icons, windows, menus, and
buttons.buttons.
Hard CopyHard Copy:: Usually refers to a printout on paper.Usually refers to a printout on paper.
Hard Drive:Hard Drive: The purpose of the hard drive is to store information. This device that The purpose of the hard drive is to store information. This device that
allows the computer to permanently retain and store data like the operating system,allows the computer to permanently retain and store data like the operating system,
programs and information data. The hard drive holds more data than a diskette andprograms and information data. The hard drive holds more data than a diskette and
accesses information faster than on diskettes. accesses information faster than on diskettes. Storage refers to the capability ofStorage refers to the capability of
storing things, and as for the computer, it is information.storing things, and as for the computer, it is information.
Hardware:Hardware: Refers to any component of the computer system that you can like the Refers to any component of the computer system that you can like the
monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, computer unit, scanner, speakers and even themonitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, computer unit, scanner, speakers and even the
components inside of the computer unit if you opened the box up. components inside of the computer unit if you opened the box up.
77. Menu:Menu: List of options that may be commands or other options from which you canList of options that may be commands or other options from which you can
choose from. The following illustration is the File Menu Bar command menu list.choose from. The following illustration is the File Menu Bar command menu list.
Mouse:Mouse: Besides a keyboard, a mouse is the most common input device for a computer. Besides a keyboard, a mouse is the most common input device for a computer.
The mouse is a small, palm-sized input device that you move across a flat surface,The mouse is a small, palm-sized input device that you move across a flat surface,
such as a desktop, to control the movement of the pointer on the screen. Technically,such as a desktop, to control the movement of the pointer on the screen. Technically,
there are many operations that are much easier to perform with a mouse than athere are many operations that are much easier to perform with a mouse than a
keyboard because you can just point and click to select an item on a screen orkeyboard because you can just point and click to select an item on a screen or
choose an item from a list of options. choose an item from a list of options.
Mouse Commands:Mouse Commands: Before examining the various commands, you must understand Before examining the various commands, you must understand
how to execute each mouse command. The mouse commands include move, point,how to execute each mouse command. The mouse commands include move, point,
click, deselect, double-click, drag, and right-click.click, deselect, double-click, drag, and right-click.
My Computer:My Computer: An icon that opens into a folder of icons for all of the resources on the An icon that opens into a folder of icons for all of the resources on the
computer like the hard drive and printer. computer like the hard drive and printer.
Operating System:Operating System: Software that acts as an interface between you, the application Software that acts as an interface between you, the application
software (like word processing or accessing the Internet), and the computersoftware (like word processing or accessing the Internet), and the computer
components. This includes interpreting and carrying out basic instructions thatcomponents. This includes interpreting and carrying out basic instructions that
operate a computer like recognizing information from the keyboard and mouse,operate a computer like recognizing information from the keyboard and mouse,
sending information to the monitor, printer, or speakers and scanners, storingsending information to the monitor, printer, or speakers and scanners, storing
information to the hard drive and removable drives. Common operating systemsinformation to the hard drive and removable drives. Common operating systems
include Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows ME, and MAC OS.include Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows ME, and MAC OS.
78. RAM:RAM: This is an acronym for Random Access Memory. This memory is aThis is an acronym for Random Access Memory. This memory is a
work area or a temporary storage space where the computer placeswork area or a temporary storage space where the computer places
program information so that it can execute the program instructionsprogram information so that it can execute the program instructions
and information. When the program or file is closed, the data orand information. When the program or file is closed, the data or
programs are removed from RAM. The amount of RAM you have onprograms are removed from RAM. The amount of RAM you have on
your computer is crucial in determining how many programs can beyour computer is crucial in determining how many programs can be
opened (running) and how much data is available for each program. opened (running) and how much data is available for each program.
RAM is available in MB or megabytes.RAM is available in MB or megabytes. An example is 256MB of RAM.An example is 256MB of RAM.
Select:Select: A single left mouse click to select a file or folder icon. A single left mouse click to select a file or folder icon.
Software:Software: Instructions that provide the computer with step-by-step actionsInstructions that provide the computer with step-by-step actions
that need to be executed to complete a specific task. A computer willthat need to be executed to complete a specific task. A computer will
not function with software.not function with software.