The document discusses different types of computers including palmtop, laptop, and mainframe computers. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer and software as programs that run on hardware. The main hardware components are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input devices, output devices, and storage devices. The CPU consists of a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Memory includes both random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Software includes operating systems, application software, and utility software. An operating system controls the computer and allows other programs to run.
The document provides an introduction to computer systems, defining a computer, describing the basic components and functions of a computer system including hardware, software, data, and users. It explains the information processing cycle of input, processing, output, and storage. It also discusses the various uses of computers in personal, business, and educational settings.
The document outlines the essential hardware components of a computer system, including the processor, memory, input/output devices, and storage. It describes the different types of memory, such as RAM and ROM, and storage devices like hard drives and optical disks. It also explains the two main types of software: system
This document provides an introduction to computer systems. It defines a computer and describes the basic components of a computer system including hardware, software, data, and users. It explains the information processing cycle of input, processing, output, and storage. It also discusses the various parts of a computer system including the central processing unit, memory, storage, input/output devices, and applications software. Finally, it provides examples of how computers are used in personal, business, and educational settings.
This document provides an introduction to computer systems. It defines a computer and describes the basic components of a computer system, including hardware, software, data, and users. It explains the input, processing, output, and storage aspects of the information processing cycle. It also discusses the various parts of a computer system and their functions, including processors, memory, input/output devices, and storage. Finally, it differentiates between system software and application software.
The document discusses the four main parts of a computer system: hardware, software, data, and users. It describes the different types of hardware which include the CPU, memory, input/output devices, and storage devices. It also explains the two main types of software: system software like operating systems, and application software for tasks like word processing.
Computer is an electronic device which converts row data into meaningful information .It can perform many task.It work very fast and accuratc.A computer programmed device with a set of instnections of perform is spicilic task and generate result at a very high speed
1. The document defines a computer as an electronic device that inputs data, processes it into useful information, outputs and stores the information. It describes the basic information processing cycle of input, processing, output, and storage.
2. Hardware components of a computer system include the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, input/output ports and peripherals. Software includes operating systems and application programs.
3. A computer system requires data input by users, hardware to process the data, software instructions to direct the hardware, and users to operate the system.
The document discusses different types of computers including palmtop, laptop, and mainframe computers. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer and software as programs that run on hardware. The main hardware components are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input devices, output devices, and storage devices. The CPU consists of a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Memory includes both random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Software includes operating systems, application software, and utility software. An operating system controls the computer and allows other programs to run.
The document provides an introduction to computer systems, defining a computer, describing the basic components and functions of a computer system including hardware, software, data, and users. It explains the information processing cycle of input, processing, output, and storage. It also discusses the various uses of computers in personal, business, and educational settings.
The document outlines the essential hardware components of a computer system, including the processor, memory, input/output devices, and storage. It describes the different types of memory, such as RAM and ROM, and storage devices like hard drives and optical disks. It also explains the two main types of software: system
This document provides an introduction to computer systems. It defines a computer and describes the basic components of a computer system including hardware, software, data, and users. It explains the information processing cycle of input, processing, output, and storage. It also discusses the various parts of a computer system including the central processing unit, memory, storage, input/output devices, and applications software. Finally, it provides examples of how computers are used in personal, business, and educational settings.
This document provides an introduction to computer systems. It defines a computer and describes the basic components of a computer system, including hardware, software, data, and users. It explains the input, processing, output, and storage aspects of the information processing cycle. It also discusses the various parts of a computer system and their functions, including processors, memory, input/output devices, and storage. Finally, it differentiates between system software and application software.
The document discusses the four main parts of a computer system: hardware, software, data, and users. It describes the different types of hardware which include the CPU, memory, input/output devices, and storage devices. It also explains the two main types of software: system software like operating systems, and application software for tasks like word processing.
Computer is an electronic device which converts row data into meaningful information .It can perform many task.It work very fast and accuratc.A computer programmed device with a set of instnections of perform is spicilic task and generate result at a very high speed
1. The document defines a computer as an electronic device that inputs data, processes it into useful information, outputs and stores the information. It describes the basic information processing cycle of input, processing, output, and storage.
2. Hardware components of a computer system include the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, input/output ports and peripherals. Software includes operating systems and application programs.
3. A computer system requires data input by users, hardware to process the data, software instructions to direct the hardware, and users to operate the system.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY,
INTERNET AND YOU
Topics to be covered:
Information Systems
People
Software
Hardware
Data
Connectivity and the Mobile Internet
Information System
An information system has several parts:
People
Procedure
Software
Hardware
Data
Internet
(continued…)
People: It is easy to overlook people as one of the parts of an
information system. Yet this is what personal computers are all about—
making people, end users like you, more productive.
(continued…)
Procedures: The rules or guidelines
for people to follow when using
software, hardware, and data are
procedures. These procedures are
typically documented in manuals
written by computer specialists.
Software and hardware
manufacturers provide manuals with
their products. These manuals are
provided in either printed or electronic
form.
(continued…)
Software: A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell
the computer how to do its work. Software is another name for a
program or programs. The purpose of software is to convert data
(unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts).
(continued…)
Hardware: The equipment that processes the data to create information
is called hardware. It includes smartphones, tablets, keyboards, mice,
displays, system units, and other devices. Hardware is controlled by
software.
(continued…)
Data: The raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images,
and sounds, are called data. Processed data yields information.
(continued…)
Internet: Almost all information systems provide a way to connect to
other people and computers, typically using the Internet. This
connectivity greatly expands the capability and usefulness of
information systems.
Stop: Let us check our progress
People
People are surely the most important part of any information system.
Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems.
Many times the contact is direct and obvious, such as when we create
documents using a word processing program or when we connect to the
Internet.
Other times, the contact is not as obvious.
Software
There are two major kinds of software: system software and
application software.
The user interacts primarily with application software. System software
enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware.
System software is “background” software that helps the computer
manage its own internal resources.
(continued…)
System software is not a single program. Rather, it is a collection of
programs, including the following:
Operating Systems
Utilities
(continued…)
Operating systems are programs that coordinate computer resources,
provide an interface between users and the computer, and run
applications. Smartphones, tablets, and many other mobile devices use
embedded operating systems, also known as real-time operating
systems (RTOS).
Computer systems accept digital data as input and manipulate it according to programmed instructions to produce useful output. There are five generations of computers based on the underlying technology used. Computers include input, output, processing, storage, and control units. Common components are the CPU, memory (RAM, ROM), and motherboard. Software includes system software that interfaces hardware and applications, like operating systems and compilers.
A computer is an electronic device that can accept data as input, process that data, produce output, and store information for future use. It carries out five basic functions: taking input, storing data and instructions, processing data, generating output, and controlling the other functions. A computer consists of both hardware and software. Hardware refers to the physical components like the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices. Software includes system software that controls the computer and application software that users interact with to perform tasks. The CPU is the brain of the computer and contains the ALU for operations and control unit for coordination. Memory and storage are used to temporarily and permanently store data respectively.
This document discusses the key components of information systems and technology. It outlines the five main parts: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data. It then provides details on each part, including the different types of computers, software, hardware components, and how connectivity and networks allow for communication and sharing of information via the internet and cloud computing.
This document discusses fundamentals of computer information processing systems. It defines key terms like data, information, and data processing. It explains that a computer accepts and processes data to produce information by following a set of instructions. The major components of an information processing system are hardware, software, and peopleware. It also outlines the basic units of measurement for digital information storage. Finally, it describes the basic hardware components of a personal computer system including the central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and secondary storage devices.
This document defines key concepts related to information processing systems. It discusses how data is collected and organized to become useful information. An information processing system accepts and stores data, processes it into information, and outputs it. The three main components are hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware includes the tangible computer parts like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. Software includes operating systems and applications. Peopleware refers to the users. The document also defines units of data measurement and types of computer hardware, software, files, and storage devices.
This document defines key concepts related to information processing systems. It discusses how data is collected and organized to become useful information. An information processing system accepts and stores data, processes it into information, and outputs it. The three main components are hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware includes the tangible computer parts like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. Software includes operating systems and applications. Peopleware refers to the users. The document also defines units of data measurement and types of computer hardware, software, files, and storage devices.
This document defines key concepts related to information processing systems. It discusses how data is collected and organized to become useful information. An information processing system accepts and stores data, processes it into information, and outputs it. The three main components are hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware is the tangible computer parts like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. Software programs tell the computer how to function. Peopleware refers to the users. The system has basic units of measurement for bits, bytes, kilobytes and more to quantify digital information.
This document defines key concepts related to information processing systems. It discusses how data is collected and organized to become useful information. An information processing system accepts and stores data, processes it into information, and outputs it. The three main components are hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware is the tangible computer parts like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. Software programs tell the computer how to function. Peopleware refers to the users. The system has basic units of measurement for bits, bytes, kilobytes and more to quantify digital information.
About computers, some parts of the computer does not cover in this lesson but I assure you that this presentation is valuable for your reference of learning. Kskjsnsnsbbsnsnsns jsjjsjsnsnsnsbjsjs jsjjsjsjjsjsjsjjds jsjjsjsjsjjss janananbabahabsbbs hshahhsbabbshshs hshahhsbsbshjshs hshshhsjsjsjjs . Thank you for your helping to get more interesting topic and ideas for learning.
The document defines key concepts in information processing systems. It explains that data is collected facts while information is organized data presented meaningfully. Computers accept and process data, transforming it into information through input, processing, storage, and output functions. Computers have hardware, software, and people components. Hardware is tangible while software programs tell the computer what to do. People use and operate the system. The document also defines common file and storage units.
This document defines key concepts related to information processing systems. It discusses how data is collected and organized to become useful information. An information processing system accepts and stores data, processes it into information, and outputs it. The three main components are hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware includes the tangible computer parts like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. Software includes operating systems and applications. Peopleware refers to the users. The document also defines units of data measurement and types of computer hardware, software, files, and storage devices.
A computer system consists of three main parts: hardware, software, and people. Hardware refers to the physical and mechanical components of the computer, including input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, and storage devices like hard drives. Software includes system software that controls the hardware like operating systems, and application software that allows users to perform tasks. People are the various types of users, from normal users to programmers, who operate and use computers.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to introduction to computers including:
- Definitions of computer, types of computers categorized by size and power, and the evolution of computers through four generations.
- The basic elements of a computer system including hardware, peripheral devices, and software. Hardware consists of components like the CPU and memory while software includes operating systems and application programs.
- How data is represented digitally using binary digits and coding schemes and how it is processed into meaningful information.
- Key roles in a computer system including users, professionals who design and operate systems, and end-users who utilize computers for tasks.
This document discusses computer hardware, software, and systems. It provides details on:
1) The basic components of a computer including the CPU, memory, motherboard, power supply, hard disk, and peripherals.
2) The two main parts of a computer being hardware (physical components) and software (programs and instructions). It describes different types of software.
3) Types of computers defined by their use including personal, server, and processing computers.
4) Various computer input and output devices like mice, keyboards, displays, scanners, and storage devices. It also discusses computer networks and communication.
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, provide information (output), and store the information for future use
TOPICS
1 Introduction, Characteristics of Computers, Block Diagram of Computer
2 Types of Computers and Features
3 Types of Programming Languages
4 Data Organization, Types of Memory (Primary and Secondary)
5 I/O Devices, Number System
What is Computer, Functionalities of a computer, Computer Components, Hardware, software, Input Devices, Output Devices, CPU (Central Processing Unit), Memory, Unit of Measurements, Classification of Computers, Computer Languages, Generation of Computers, Data, Information and Knowledge, Characteristics of Computer, Computer Viruses,
A computer is an electronic machine that follows instructions to accept and process data into information. It has four main functions: input, processing, storage, and output. There are three major components: hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware refers to the tangible parts like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. Software includes operating systems and applications that tell the computer how to function. Peopleware are the users. A computer system accepts data as input, processes it, stores the data and information, and presents the output.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY,
INTERNET AND YOU
Topics to be covered:
Information Systems
People
Software
Hardware
Data
Connectivity and the Mobile Internet
Information System
An information system has several parts:
People
Procedure
Software
Hardware
Data
Internet
(continued…)
People: It is easy to overlook people as one of the parts of an
information system. Yet this is what personal computers are all about—
making people, end users like you, more productive.
(continued…)
Procedures: The rules or guidelines
for people to follow when using
software, hardware, and data are
procedures. These procedures are
typically documented in manuals
written by computer specialists.
Software and hardware
manufacturers provide manuals with
their products. These manuals are
provided in either printed or electronic
form.
(continued…)
Software: A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell
the computer how to do its work. Software is another name for a
program or programs. The purpose of software is to convert data
(unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts).
(continued…)
Hardware: The equipment that processes the data to create information
is called hardware. It includes smartphones, tablets, keyboards, mice,
displays, system units, and other devices. Hardware is controlled by
software.
(continued…)
Data: The raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images,
and sounds, are called data. Processed data yields information.
(continued…)
Internet: Almost all information systems provide a way to connect to
other people and computers, typically using the Internet. This
connectivity greatly expands the capability and usefulness of
information systems.
Stop: Let us check our progress
People
People are surely the most important part of any information system.
Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems.
Many times the contact is direct and obvious, such as when we create
documents using a word processing program or when we connect to the
Internet.
Other times, the contact is not as obvious.
Software
There are two major kinds of software: system software and
application software.
The user interacts primarily with application software. System software
enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware.
System software is “background” software that helps the computer
manage its own internal resources.
(continued…)
System software is not a single program. Rather, it is a collection of
programs, including the following:
Operating Systems
Utilities
(continued…)
Operating systems are programs that coordinate computer resources,
provide an interface between users and the computer, and run
applications. Smartphones, tablets, and many other mobile devices use
embedded operating systems, also known as real-time operating
systems (RTOS).
Computer systems accept digital data as input and manipulate it according to programmed instructions to produce useful output. There are five generations of computers based on the underlying technology used. Computers include input, output, processing, storage, and control units. Common components are the CPU, memory (RAM, ROM), and motherboard. Software includes system software that interfaces hardware and applications, like operating systems and compilers.
A computer is an electronic device that can accept data as input, process that data, produce output, and store information for future use. It carries out five basic functions: taking input, storing data and instructions, processing data, generating output, and controlling the other functions. A computer consists of both hardware and software. Hardware refers to the physical components like the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices. Software includes system software that controls the computer and application software that users interact with to perform tasks. The CPU is the brain of the computer and contains the ALU for operations and control unit for coordination. Memory and storage are used to temporarily and permanently store data respectively.
This document discusses the key components of information systems and technology. It outlines the five main parts: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data. It then provides details on each part, including the different types of computers, software, hardware components, and how connectivity and networks allow for communication and sharing of information via the internet and cloud computing.
This document discusses fundamentals of computer information processing systems. It defines key terms like data, information, and data processing. It explains that a computer accepts and processes data to produce information by following a set of instructions. The major components of an information processing system are hardware, software, and peopleware. It also outlines the basic units of measurement for digital information storage. Finally, it describes the basic hardware components of a personal computer system including the central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and secondary storage devices.
This document defines key concepts related to information processing systems. It discusses how data is collected and organized to become useful information. An information processing system accepts and stores data, processes it into information, and outputs it. The three main components are hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware includes the tangible computer parts like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. Software includes operating systems and applications. Peopleware refers to the users. The document also defines units of data measurement and types of computer hardware, software, files, and storage devices.
This document defines key concepts related to information processing systems. It discusses how data is collected and organized to become useful information. An information processing system accepts and stores data, processes it into information, and outputs it. The three main components are hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware includes the tangible computer parts like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. Software includes operating systems and applications. Peopleware refers to the users. The document also defines units of data measurement and types of computer hardware, software, files, and storage devices.
This document defines key concepts related to information processing systems. It discusses how data is collected and organized to become useful information. An information processing system accepts and stores data, processes it into information, and outputs it. The three main components are hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware is the tangible computer parts like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. Software programs tell the computer how to function. Peopleware refers to the users. The system has basic units of measurement for bits, bytes, kilobytes and more to quantify digital information.
This document defines key concepts related to information processing systems. It discusses how data is collected and organized to become useful information. An information processing system accepts and stores data, processes it into information, and outputs it. The three main components are hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware is the tangible computer parts like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. Software programs tell the computer how to function. Peopleware refers to the users. The system has basic units of measurement for bits, bytes, kilobytes and more to quantify digital information.
About computers, some parts of the computer does not cover in this lesson but I assure you that this presentation is valuable for your reference of learning. Kskjsnsnsbbsnsnsns jsjjsjsnsnsnsbjsjs jsjjsjsjjsjsjsjjds jsjjsjsjsjjss janananbabahabsbbs hshahhsbabbshshs hshahhsbsbshjshs hshshhsjsjsjjs . Thank you for your helping to get more interesting topic and ideas for learning.
The document defines key concepts in information processing systems. It explains that data is collected facts while information is organized data presented meaningfully. Computers accept and process data, transforming it into information through input, processing, storage, and output functions. Computers have hardware, software, and people components. Hardware is tangible while software programs tell the computer what to do. People use and operate the system. The document also defines common file and storage units.
This document defines key concepts related to information processing systems. It discusses how data is collected and organized to become useful information. An information processing system accepts and stores data, processes it into information, and outputs it. The three main components are hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware includes the tangible computer parts like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. Software includes operating systems and applications. Peopleware refers to the users. The document also defines units of data measurement and types of computer hardware, software, files, and storage devices.
A computer system consists of three main parts: hardware, software, and people. Hardware refers to the physical and mechanical components of the computer, including input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, and storage devices like hard drives. Software includes system software that controls the hardware like operating systems, and application software that allows users to perform tasks. People are the various types of users, from normal users to programmers, who operate and use computers.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to introduction to computers including:
- Definitions of computer, types of computers categorized by size and power, and the evolution of computers through four generations.
- The basic elements of a computer system including hardware, peripheral devices, and software. Hardware consists of components like the CPU and memory while software includes operating systems and application programs.
- How data is represented digitally using binary digits and coding schemes and how it is processed into meaningful information.
- Key roles in a computer system including users, professionals who design and operate systems, and end-users who utilize computers for tasks.
This document discusses computer hardware, software, and systems. It provides details on:
1) The basic components of a computer including the CPU, memory, motherboard, power supply, hard disk, and peripherals.
2) The two main parts of a computer being hardware (physical components) and software (programs and instructions). It describes different types of software.
3) Types of computers defined by their use including personal, server, and processing computers.
4) Various computer input and output devices like mice, keyboards, displays, scanners, and storage devices. It also discusses computer networks and communication.
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, provide information (output), and store the information for future use
TOPICS
1 Introduction, Characteristics of Computers, Block Diagram of Computer
2 Types of Computers and Features
3 Types of Programming Languages
4 Data Organization, Types of Memory (Primary and Secondary)
5 I/O Devices, Number System
What is Computer, Functionalities of a computer, Computer Components, Hardware, software, Input Devices, Output Devices, CPU (Central Processing Unit), Memory, Unit of Measurements, Classification of Computers, Computer Languages, Generation of Computers, Data, Information and Knowledge, Characteristics of Computer, Computer Viruses,
A computer is an electronic machine that follows instructions to accept and process data into information. It has four main functions: input, processing, storage, and output. There are three major components: hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware refers to the tangible parts like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. Software includes operating systems and applications that tell the computer how to function. Peopleware are the users. A computer system accepts data as input, processes it, stores the data and information, and presents the output.
Similar to Lecture-02 - Introduction to computer.pptx (20)
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
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4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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2. A computer can be divided into two main categories:
Hardware: The equipment that processes the data to create information is called
hardware. It includes keyboards, mice, displays, system units, and other devices.
Hardware is controlled by software. (Hardware is basically that you can touch with
you fingers)
3. A computer can be divided into two main categories:
Software: A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer
how to do its work. Software is another name for a program or programs. The
purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information
(processed facts).
4. Data vs Information
Data: The raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds,
are called data.
Information: Information is data that has been organized or presented in a
meaningful. (Processed data yields information)
5.
6. System Unit
The system unit is a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a
computer system.
12. Control Unit (CU)
Control Unit of a computer system manages the operations of all components of the
system.
13. Processor Cores
Core is usually the basic computation unit of the CPU that handles the
Mathematical & Logical operations.
▪ A core can have its own Clock Speed.
Two types –
Single Core Processor
Multi Core Processor
14. Single Core Processor
A Single Core Processor is a microprocessor with a single core on chip.
It can run a single process at a time.
15. Multi Core Processor
A Multi Core Processor is a microprocessor with multiple single core on chip.
Dual Core: Two execution cores
Quad Core: Dual Core + Dual Core = Quad Core
17. Memory
Memory is the electronic holding place for the instructions and data a computer
needs to reach quickly.
Two types of computer memory:
▪ Primary Memory (Main Memory)
▪ Secondary Memory (Storage)
18. Primary Memory (Main Memory)
Primary memory holds only those data and instructions on which the computer is currently
working.
These are semiconductor memories.
Data is lost in case power is switched off.
It is the working memory of the computer.
Faster than secondary memories.
19. Primary Memory (Main Memory)
There are two types of primary memory -
• Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Read Only Memory (ROM)
22. Secondary Memory (Storage)
This type of memory is also known as external memory. These are used for storing
data/information permanently. For example, disk, CD-ROM, DVD, etc.
• These are magnetic and optical memories.
• It is known as the backup memory.
• Data is permanently stored even if power is switched off.
• It is used for storage of data in a computer.
• Slower than primary memories.
24. Cache Memory
Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor memory which can speed up
the CPU. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory. It is used to
hold those parts of data and program which are most frequently used by the CPU.
Cache memory is faster than main memory.
• It consumes less access time as compared to main memory.
• It stores the program that can be executed within a short period of time.
• It stores data for temporary use.
▪ Cache memory is faster than main memory.
30. Software
A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do
its work. Software is another name for a program or programs. The purpose of
software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts).
There are two major kinds of software:
System software
Application software
31. System software
System software is not a single program. Rather, it is a collection of programs, including the
following:
Operating Systems
Utilities
32.
33. Operating System
Smartphones, tablets, and
many other mobile devices
use embedded operating
systems, also known as real-
time operating systems
(RTOS).
Desktop computers use
standalone operating
systems like Windows 10 or
mac OS.
Networks use network
operating systems (NOS).
A network operating System
46. Utilities Software
Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources. One of the
most essential utility programs that every computer system should have is an
antivirus program.
47. Utilities Software
Utilities software is used to remove any problem or solve a complex situation
in computer.
Partition Magic
Backup Utility
Data Recovery
Security software
Antivirus
48.
49. Application Software
Application software might be described as end-user software. Three types of application
software are
General-purpose Application
Specialized Application
Mobile Application
50. Application Software
General-purpose applications are widely used in nearly all career areas. They are the
kinds of programs you have to know to be considered an efficient and effective end user.
Some of the best known are presented in the Figure given below:
51. Application Software
Specialized applications include thousands of other
programs that are more narrowly focused on specific
disciplines and occupations. Two of the best known
are graphics and web authoring programs.
52. Application Software
Mobile apps, also known as mobile applications or simply
apps are small programs primarily designed for mobile
devices such as smartphones and for tablet computers.
57. Personal Computer
Personal computers, also known as PCs, are the least powerful, yet the most widely used
and fastest-growing type of computer.
Desktops
Laptops
Tablets
Smartphones
Wearables
59. Tablets
Tablets, also known as tablet computers, are smaller, lighter, and generally less powerful
than laptops. Like a laptop, tablets have a flat screen but typically do not have a standard
keyboard. Instead, tablets typically use a virtual keyboard that appears on the screen and is
touch-sensitive.
60. Smartphones
Smartphones are the most widely used handheld computers. Smartphones are cell
phones with wireless connections to the Internet and processing capabilities.
63. Mainframe Computer
Mainframe computers occupy specially wired, air-
conditioned rooms. Although not nearly as powerful as
supercomputers, mainframe computers are capable of
great processing speeds and data storage. For
example, insurance companies use mainframes to
process information about millions of policyholders.
64. Super Computer
Supercomputers are the most powerful type of
computer. These machines are special, high-
capacity computers used by very large
organizations. Supercomputers are typically used
to process massive amounts of data. For example,
they are used to analyze and predict worldwide
weather patterns. IBM’s Blue Gene supercomputer
is one of the fastest computers in the world.
65. Midrange Computer
Midrange computers, also referred to as servers, are
computers with processing capabilities less powerful than
a mainframe computer yet more powerful than a personal
computer. Originally used by medium-size companies or
departments of large companies to support their
processing needs, today midrange computers are most
widely used to support or serve end users for such specific
needs as retrieving data from a database or supplying
access to application software.