This document provides a bonafide certificate for a project report on the study of mechanical properties of eco-friendly economic concrete. It certifies that the project was conducted by three students, M.Vineeth, Y.Boopathi, and P.Murali, in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Engineering degree from Kongu Engineering College. The project investigated replacing natural aggregates with steel slag aggregates and M-sand to produce more sustainable concrete. Tests were conducted to determine the compressive strength, split tensile strength, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity of concrete mixes with varying replacement levels.

1. ii
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
KONGU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore)
PERUNDURAI, ERODE – 638052
APRIL-2012
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project report entitled STUDY ON MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF ECO-FRIENDLY ECONOMIC CONCRETE is the bonafide
record of project work done by M.VINEETH (08CER111),
Y.BOOPATHI (08CEL120),P.MURALI (08CEL122) in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in kongu
Engineering college of Anna university of Technology, Coimbatore during the
year 2011 - 2012.
SUPERVISOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Mrs.S.SUCHITHRA, M.E Mr.S.KRISHNAMOORTHI, M.E.,
Assistant Professor Associate professor
Department of civil engineering Department of civil engineering
Kongu Engineering College Kongu Engineering College
Perundurai, Erode-638 052 Perundurai, Erode-638 052
Date:
Submitted for the end semester viva voce examination held on ___________
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

2. iii
DECLARATION
We affirm that the Project Report titled STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
ECO-FRIENDLY ECONOMIC CONCRETE being submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of Bachelor of Engineering is the original work carried out by
us. It has not formed the part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis of
which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other
candidate.
(Signature of the candidate)
Date: M.VINEETH (08CER111)
Y.BOOPATHI (08CEL120)
P.MURALI (08CEL122)
I certify that the declaration made by the above candidates is true to the best of my
knowledge.
Date: Name and Signature of the Supervisor with seal
Mrs.S.SUCHITHRA, M.E
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Kongu Engineering College
Perundurai, Erode-638 052

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

4. v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost we thank the almighty, the greatest architect of the universe
for giving us such a speculate years.
At the outset, we greatly express our profound gratitude to our beloved
Correspondent Thiru.R.K.VISHWANATHAN,B.A.,and all trust members for the
extensive facilities spared to us.
We are greatly indebted to express our deep sense of gratitude to our principal,
Prof.S.KUPPUSWAMI, B.E., Msc (Engg). Dr.Ing (France) for his valuable advice and
encouragement during the project.
We are grateful to thank our beloved Dean of School of Building and Mechanical
Sciences Dr.K.KRISHNAMOORTHY, M.E., Ph.D., FIE, FIV for his infallible inspiration
and guidance.
We take immense pleasure to express our heartfelt thanks to our beloved Head
of the Department Prof.S.KRISHNAMOORTHI, M.E., for his encouragement and kind
co-operation.
This work would not have been materialized without the great guidance given to
us by our guide Mrs.S.SUCHITHRA, M.E., who had been a constant source of ideas
and inspiration with encouragement.
We express our sincere and deep gratitude to our beloved staff member
Mrs.J.POORNIMA, M.E., for extending their kind co-operation, moral support and
encouragement for completing this project work.

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We heartly thank our project coordinator Dr.P.CHANDRASEKARAN,M.E.,Ph.D.,
and Mr.M.P.THIYANESWARAN, M.E., for their valuable guidance.
Last but not least, we thank our PARENTS and BELOVED FRIENDS for their
moral support.

6. vii
ABSTRACT

7. viii
ABSTRACT
This paper outlines the method of preparation, testing procedure and
salient results on the eco-friendly concrete that is manufactured using the waste
products of steel industries and Manufacturing Sand industries. Steel slag can be used
in the construction industry as aggregates in concrete by partial replacing natural
aggregates. Natural aggregates are becoming increasingly scarce and their production
and shipment is becoming more difficult. Most of the volume of concrete is aggregates.
Replacing all or some portion of natural aggregates with steel slag would lead to
considerable environmental benefits. The primary aim of this research was to evaluate
the mechanical properties of concrete made with steel slag aggregates and steel slag.
This Project has shown that partial replacing some percentage of
natural aggregates by steel slag aggregates and M-sand. Initially, different natural and
manufactured sand M-sand samples to be used in the concrete mixes were collected
and their physical properties were studied. The results showed that partial replacing of 5
to 30% of steel slag and M-sand aggregates by volume for natural aggregates. To find
the optimum value of partial replacing of steel slag and M-Sand. The compressive
strength, Split tensile strength, and Modulus of rupture, Modulus of elasticity of
specimens were determined adopting conventional testing procedure. The present
study indicates that concrete having very high strength can be produced with the above
mention waste products of steel industry and Manufacturing Sand industry.

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CONTENTS

9. x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT vii
LIST OF TABLES xii
LIST OF FIGURES xiii
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1GENERAL
1.2M-SAND
1.3STEEL SLAG
2
3
3
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5
3. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 12
3.1 METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT
13
3.2 MATERIAL PROPERTIES
14
3.2.1 CEMENT 14
3.2.2 AGGREGATE 14
3.2.3 FINE AGGREGATE 15
3.2.4 M-SAND 15
3.2.5 COARSE AGGREGATE 15
3.2.6 STEEL SLAG 16
3.2.7 WATER 16
3.3 MIX DESIGN 17

10. xi
4. TESTS AND RESULTS DISCUSSION 20
4.a TESTS ON CONCRETE ELEMENTS 21
4.a.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 21
4.a.2 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY 21
4.a.3 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH 22
4.a.4 MODULUS OF RUPTURE 22
4.a.5 SPECIMEN CASTING 22
4.a.6 TEST SET UP 23
4.b RESULTS DISCUSSIONS 24
4.b.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CUBE 28
4.b.2 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF
CYLINDERS
29
4.b.3 FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF PRISM 30
4.b.4 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY 31
5. CONCLUSION 32
6. REFERENCES 34
7. PROJECT PHOTOS 37

11. xii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
S.NO
TITLE PAGE NO
3.2.a PROPERTIES OF CEMENT
15
3.2.b PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AGGREGATES
16
3.3 ADJUSTMENT OF VALUES IN WATER CONTENT AND
SAND PERCENTAGE FOR OTHER CONDITIONS
18
5.2.1 TEST RESULT FOR CUBE (M-SAND) COMPRESSION
STRENGTH IN N/mm2
24
5.2.2 TEST RESULT FOR CYLINDER (M-SAND) SPLIT
TENSILE STRENGTH IN N/mm2
25
5.2.3 TEST RESULT FOR CUBE (STEEL SLAG)
COMPRESSION STRENGTH IN N/mm2
26
5.2.4 TEST RESULT FOR CYLINDER (STEEL SLAG) SPLIT
TENSILE STRENGTH IN N/mm2
27
5.2.5
TEST RESULT FOR CUBE (20% of STEEL SLAG AND
M-SAND) COMPRESSION STRENGTH IN N/mm2
28
5.2.6 TEST RESULT FOR CYLINDER (M-SAND AND STEEL
SLAG) SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH IN N/mm2
29
5.2.7 MODULUS OF RUPTURE FOR PARTIAL
REPLACEMENT OF20% M-SAND AND 20% STEEL
SLAG IN N/mm2 30
5.2.8 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY FOR PARTIAL
REPLACEMENT OF 25% M-SAND AND 20% STEEL
SLAG IN N/mm2
31

12. xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE
S.NO
TITLE PAGE NO
4.1 LOADING ARRANGEMENT OF FLEXURAL TEST
23
5.2.1 TEST RESULT FOR CUBE (M-SAND) COMPRESSION
STRENGTH IN N/mm2
24
5.2.2 TEST RESULT FOR CYLINDER (M-SAND) SPLIT
TENSILE STRENGTH IN N/mm2
25
5.2.3 TEST RESULT FOR CUBE (STEEL SLAG)
COMPRESSION STRENGTH IN N/mm2
26
5.2.4 TEST RESULT FOR CYLINDER (STEEL SLAG) SPLIT
TENSILE STRENGTH IN N/mm2
27
5.2.5
TEST RESULT FOR CUBE (20% of STEEL SLAG AND
M-SAND) COMPRESSION STRENGTH IN N/mm2
28
5.2.6 TEST RESULT FOR CYLINDER (M-SAND AND STEEL
SLAG) SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH IN N/mm2 29
5.2.7 MODULUS OF RUPTURE FOR PARTIAL
REPLACEMENT OF20% M-SAND AND 20% STEEL
SLAG IN N/mm2 30
5.2.8 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY FOR PARTIAL
REPLACEMENT OF 25% M-SAND AND 20% STEEL
SLAG IN N/mm2
31