Concrete is considered as durable and strong material. Concrete is one of the most popular material used for constructions. The present investigation deals with High strength concrete of M60 by adding fiber material to strengthen the concrete. Partial replacement of OPC with fly ash in percentages of 0%, 5% and10% in various ratios and also add Masterpel777, super plastisizer for workability purpose. Exposure periods of 7, 14 and 28 days on various tests. In this project we have designed M60 grade concrete using Design mix of Department of Environment method of various strengths.
RESIDUAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE AT ELEVATED TEMPERA...Ijripublishers Ijri
The extensive use of concrete as a structural material for the high rise buildings, storage tanks, nuclear reactors and
pressure vessels increase the risk of concrete being exposed to high temperatures. This has led to a demand to improve
the understanding of the effect of temperature on concrete. The behavior of concrete exposed to high temperature is a
result of many factors including the exposed environment and constituent materials.
Concrete structures are exposed to fire when a fire accident occurs. Damage in concrete structures due to fire depends
to a great extent on the intensity and duration of fire. The distress in the concrete manifests in the form of cracking and
spalling of the concrete surface.
An Experimental Study on Short Term Durability and Hardened Properties of Bag...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This project reports the comparison of bagasse ash and fly ash-bagasse ash based on geopolymer concrete. In which cement is fully replaced by pozzolanic material that is rich in silicon and aluminium like fly ash and bagasse ash referred to as “Geopolymer concrete” which is a contemporary material. Geopolymer concrete was actually manufactured by reusing and recycling of industrial solid wastes and by products. Fly Ash, a by-product of coal obtained from the thermal power plant is plenty available worldwide. Fly ash is used as ingredients in concrete which enhance the properties of concrete and utilization of fly ash is helpful for consumption. Bagasse ash is a final waste product of sugar obtained from the sugar mills. The base material, viz. fly ash and Bagasse ash, is activated by alkaline solution that is sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate to produce a binder which is rich in silica and aluminium. Sample 1 is cement. It is replaced by 100% fly ash geopolymer concrete and trial 2 is 10%, 30% & 50% replaced by Bagasse ash in Geopolymer concrete . The project presents the strength and durability of Bagasse ash based Geopolymer concrete and fly ash and Bagasse ash based Geopolymer concrete.
RESIDUAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE AT ELEVATED TEMPERA...Ijripublishers Ijri
The extensive use of concrete as a structural material for the high rise buildings, storage tanks, nuclear reactors and
pressure vessels increase the risk of concrete being exposed to high temperatures. This has led to a demand to improve
the understanding of the effect of temperature on concrete. The behavior of concrete exposed to high temperature is a
result of many factors including the exposed environment and constituent materials.
Concrete structures are exposed to fire when a fire accident occurs. Damage in concrete structures due to fire depends
to a great extent on the intensity and duration of fire. The distress in the concrete manifests in the form of cracking and
spalling of the concrete surface.
An Experimental Study on Short Term Durability and Hardened Properties of Bag...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This project reports the comparison of bagasse ash and fly ash-bagasse ash based on geopolymer concrete. In which cement is fully replaced by pozzolanic material that is rich in silicon and aluminium like fly ash and bagasse ash referred to as “Geopolymer concrete” which is a contemporary material. Geopolymer concrete was actually manufactured by reusing and recycling of industrial solid wastes and by products. Fly Ash, a by-product of coal obtained from the thermal power plant is plenty available worldwide. Fly ash is used as ingredients in concrete which enhance the properties of concrete and utilization of fly ash is helpful for consumption. Bagasse ash is a final waste product of sugar obtained from the sugar mills. The base material, viz. fly ash and Bagasse ash, is activated by alkaline solution that is sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate to produce a binder which is rich in silica and aluminium. Sample 1 is cement. It is replaced by 100% fly ash geopolymer concrete and trial 2 is 10%, 30% & 50% replaced by Bagasse ash in Geopolymer concrete . The project presents the strength and durability of Bagasse ash based Geopolymer concrete and fly ash and Bagasse ash based Geopolymer concrete.
Development of mix design for high strength Concrete with AdmixturesIOSR Journals
This paper presents the result of mix design developed for high strength concrete with silica fume
and High range water reducing admixture (HRWR). It involves the process of determining experimentally the
most suitable concrete mixes in order to achieve the targeted mean strength. In this research work 53 grade
ordinary Portland cement, the locally available river sand, 10 mm graded coarse aggregate were selected based
on ASTM C 127 standard for determining the relative quantities and proportions for the grade of concrete M60.
For this design ACI 211.4R-93 guidelines were followed. Totally Five mixes were designed one mix was treated
as basic mix with HRWR - 0.5% without silica fume, Four mixes were designed with Micro silica quantities
varied from 5 to 9 percent weight of cementitious materials and HRWR varies between 0.6% to 0.9% with
increment of 0.1% . Each mix 2 numbers of 150mm x 300 mm cylinders were cast then kept in curing tank after
24 hours of time period. After 28 days of curing the specimens were tested and the appropriate mix proportions
were obtained.
Pervious concrete is one of the most promising sustainable materials now a days.
Pervious concrete is a zero slump, open graded material consisting of hydraulic
cement, coarse aggregates, admixtures and water. It is sometimes referred to as nofines
concrete. It is a special type of concrete having a high void content and is
becoming popular due to its potential to reduce the runoff to the drainage systems.
In this paper, the behavior of pervious concrete with different sizes of coarse
aggregate is studied. Various mix proportions were prepared by using different sizes
of coarse aggregates. The properties like permeability, porosity, density, strength and
durability of pervious concrete are studied.
The water cement ratio (0.31) and aggregate cement ratio are kept constant. The
study is conducted experimentally for 7, 28 & 56 days. The mix proportion of coarse
aggregate and its effect on properties of pervious concrete are studied and
corresponding graphs are hence obtained
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Study on Durability Characteristics of High Performance Concrete...theijes
High performance concrete (HPC) is developed gradually over the last 15 years with respect to production of concrete with higher and higher strength. To enhance the properties such as durability, strength, workability, economy has increased due to the usage of mineral admixtures in making high performance concrete. The scope of the present study is to investigate the effect of mineral admixtures and by-products towards the performance of HPC. An effort has been made to concentrate on the mineral admixture of silica fume towards their pozzolanic reaction and industrial by-product of bottom ash and steel slag towards their hydration reaction can be contributed towards their strength and durability properties. The strength characteristics such as compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength were investigated to find the optimum replacement of mineral admixture and by-product admixture. HPC with mineral admixture of silica fume at the replacement levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% & 20% were studied at the age of 28 days and industrial by-products of bottom ash and steel slag aggregate at the replacement level of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% & 50% were studied at the age of 28 days. There were a total of 15 mixes created with different material contents. Out of 14 were HPC mixes and 1 were conventional concrete mixes. Finally strength has enhanced with the mix of silica fume can replaced by cement with 5% and bottom ash and steel slag can replaced by fine and coarse aggregate with 10% can be achieved higher strength when compared with other percentage of mixes. The combination mixes can be classified as binary and ternary mixes. Binary mixes involved combinations of silica fume and bottom ash (SF+BA), silica fume and steel slag aggregate (SF+SSA), bottom ash and steel slag aggregate (BA+SSA) and Ternary mixes involved combination of three materials such as silica fume, bottom ash and steel slag aggregate (SF+BA+SSA) in High performance concrete. The investigation revealed that the combined use of silica fume, bottom ash and steel slag aggregate improved the mechanical properties of HPC and thus there 3 materials may use as a partial replacement material in making HPC. The durability studies such as acid resistance, salt resistance, sulphate resistance & water absorption were conducted. From the experimental investigation, it was observed that mineral admixture of silica fume and industrial by-products of bottom ash & steel slag aggregate plays a vital role in improving the strength and durability parameter itself.
Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement by Flyash and GGBSijsrd.com
This paper presents a laboratory investigation on optimum level of Fly ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as a partial replacement of cement to study the strength characteristics of concrete. Portland cement was partially replaced by 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10% of GGBS and Fly ash by 20%, 40%, 60% respectively. The water to cementations materials ratio was maintained at 0.45 for all mixes. The strength characteristics of the concrete were evaluated by conducting Compressive strength test, Splitting Tensile strength test and Flexural strength test. The compression strength test were conducted for 7days and 28days of curing and split tensile strength test and flexural strength test were conducted for 28days of curing on a M25 grade concrete. The mix proportion M25 was found to be 1:1.36:2.71.The test results proved that the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete mixtures containing GGBS and Fly ash increases as the amount of GGBS and Fly ash increase. After an optimum point, at around 9% of GGBS and 40% of Fly ash of the total binder content, the further addition of GGBS and fly ash does not improve the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength.
An Experimental Study on Durability of Concrete Using Fly Ash & GGBS for M30 ...IJERD Editor
Concrete when subjected to severe environments its durability can significantly decline due to
degradation. Degradation of concrete structures by corrosion is a serious problem and has major economic
implications. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the durability of concrete using the mineral
admixtures like Fly Ash & Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) for M30 grade concrete.Cube
Specimens were casted and are immersed in normal water, sea water, H2SO4 of various concentrations and were
tested after 7 days, 28 days & 60 days.
Study on Strength Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Agg...IJERDJOURNAL
Abstract: One of the major challenges in our present society is the protection of environment. Some of the important elements in this respect are the reduction in the consumption of energy and natural raw materials and consumption of waste materials must be increased. This experimental study is to investigate the effect of using copper slag as a replacement of fine aggregate on the strength properties. The common management options for copper slag are recycling, recovering of metal, production of value added products such as abrasive tools, roofing granules, cutting tools, abrasive tiles, glass, rail road ballast, asphalt pavements. Despite increasing reusing of copper slag, the huge amounts of its annual production is disposed in dumps or stockpiles. In the present study experimental investigation has been carried out on M25 grade concrete is used and tests were conducted for various percentage replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag in concrete. The obtained results were compared with those of control concrete made with ordinary portland cement and sand. The use of copper slag in concrete provides potential environment as well as economic benefits for all related industries, particularly in areas where a considerable amount of copper slag is produced. This study reviews the characteristics of copper slag and its effect on the engineering properties of M25 grade concrete.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Development of mix design for high strength Concrete with AdmixturesIOSR Journals
This paper presents the result of mix design developed for high strength concrete with silica fume
and High range water reducing admixture (HRWR). It involves the process of determining experimentally the
most suitable concrete mixes in order to achieve the targeted mean strength. In this research work 53 grade
ordinary Portland cement, the locally available river sand, 10 mm graded coarse aggregate were selected based
on ASTM C 127 standard for determining the relative quantities and proportions for the grade of concrete M60.
For this design ACI 211.4R-93 guidelines were followed. Totally Five mixes were designed one mix was treated
as basic mix with HRWR - 0.5% without silica fume, Four mixes were designed with Micro silica quantities
varied from 5 to 9 percent weight of cementitious materials and HRWR varies between 0.6% to 0.9% with
increment of 0.1% . Each mix 2 numbers of 150mm x 300 mm cylinders were cast then kept in curing tank after
24 hours of time period. After 28 days of curing the specimens were tested and the appropriate mix proportions
were obtained.
Pervious concrete is one of the most promising sustainable materials now a days.
Pervious concrete is a zero slump, open graded material consisting of hydraulic
cement, coarse aggregates, admixtures and water. It is sometimes referred to as nofines
concrete. It is a special type of concrete having a high void content and is
becoming popular due to its potential to reduce the runoff to the drainage systems.
In this paper, the behavior of pervious concrete with different sizes of coarse
aggregate is studied. Various mix proportions were prepared by using different sizes
of coarse aggregates. The properties like permeability, porosity, density, strength and
durability of pervious concrete are studied.
The water cement ratio (0.31) and aggregate cement ratio are kept constant. The
study is conducted experimentally for 7, 28 & 56 days. The mix proportion of coarse
aggregate and its effect on properties of pervious concrete are studied and
corresponding graphs are hence obtained
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Study on Durability Characteristics of High Performance Concrete...theijes
High performance concrete (HPC) is developed gradually over the last 15 years with respect to production of concrete with higher and higher strength. To enhance the properties such as durability, strength, workability, economy has increased due to the usage of mineral admixtures in making high performance concrete. The scope of the present study is to investigate the effect of mineral admixtures and by-products towards the performance of HPC. An effort has been made to concentrate on the mineral admixture of silica fume towards their pozzolanic reaction and industrial by-product of bottom ash and steel slag towards their hydration reaction can be contributed towards their strength and durability properties. The strength characteristics such as compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength were investigated to find the optimum replacement of mineral admixture and by-product admixture. HPC with mineral admixture of silica fume at the replacement levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% & 20% were studied at the age of 28 days and industrial by-products of bottom ash and steel slag aggregate at the replacement level of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% & 50% were studied at the age of 28 days. There were a total of 15 mixes created with different material contents. Out of 14 were HPC mixes and 1 were conventional concrete mixes. Finally strength has enhanced with the mix of silica fume can replaced by cement with 5% and bottom ash and steel slag can replaced by fine and coarse aggregate with 10% can be achieved higher strength when compared with other percentage of mixes. The combination mixes can be classified as binary and ternary mixes. Binary mixes involved combinations of silica fume and bottom ash (SF+BA), silica fume and steel slag aggregate (SF+SSA), bottom ash and steel slag aggregate (BA+SSA) and Ternary mixes involved combination of three materials such as silica fume, bottom ash and steel slag aggregate (SF+BA+SSA) in High performance concrete. The investigation revealed that the combined use of silica fume, bottom ash and steel slag aggregate improved the mechanical properties of HPC and thus there 3 materials may use as a partial replacement material in making HPC. The durability studies such as acid resistance, salt resistance, sulphate resistance & water absorption were conducted. From the experimental investigation, it was observed that mineral admixture of silica fume and industrial by-products of bottom ash & steel slag aggregate plays a vital role in improving the strength and durability parameter itself.
Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement by Flyash and GGBSijsrd.com
This paper presents a laboratory investigation on optimum level of Fly ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as a partial replacement of cement to study the strength characteristics of concrete. Portland cement was partially replaced by 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10% of GGBS and Fly ash by 20%, 40%, 60% respectively. The water to cementations materials ratio was maintained at 0.45 for all mixes. The strength characteristics of the concrete were evaluated by conducting Compressive strength test, Splitting Tensile strength test and Flexural strength test. The compression strength test were conducted for 7days and 28days of curing and split tensile strength test and flexural strength test were conducted for 28days of curing on a M25 grade concrete. The mix proportion M25 was found to be 1:1.36:2.71.The test results proved that the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete mixtures containing GGBS and Fly ash increases as the amount of GGBS and Fly ash increase. After an optimum point, at around 9% of GGBS and 40% of Fly ash of the total binder content, the further addition of GGBS and fly ash does not improve the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength.
An Experimental Study on Durability of Concrete Using Fly Ash & GGBS for M30 ...IJERD Editor
Concrete when subjected to severe environments its durability can significantly decline due to
degradation. Degradation of concrete structures by corrosion is a serious problem and has major economic
implications. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the durability of concrete using the mineral
admixtures like Fly Ash & Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) for M30 grade concrete.Cube
Specimens were casted and are immersed in normal water, sea water, H2SO4 of various concentrations and were
tested after 7 days, 28 days & 60 days.
Study on Strength Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Agg...IJERDJOURNAL
Abstract: One of the major challenges in our present society is the protection of environment. Some of the important elements in this respect are the reduction in the consumption of energy and natural raw materials and consumption of waste materials must be increased. This experimental study is to investigate the effect of using copper slag as a replacement of fine aggregate on the strength properties. The common management options for copper slag are recycling, recovering of metal, production of value added products such as abrasive tools, roofing granules, cutting tools, abrasive tiles, glass, rail road ballast, asphalt pavements. Despite increasing reusing of copper slag, the huge amounts of its annual production is disposed in dumps or stockpiles. In the present study experimental investigation has been carried out on M25 grade concrete is used and tests were conducted for various percentage replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag in concrete. The obtained results were compared with those of control concrete made with ordinary portland cement and sand. The use of copper slag in concrete provides potential environment as well as economic benefits for all related industries, particularly in areas where a considerable amount of copper slag is produced. This study reviews the characteristics of copper slag and its effect on the engineering properties of M25 grade concrete.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Use of Over-Burnt Bricks as Coarse aggregate in ConcreteEditorIJAERD
In modern construction industry number of materials are used and one of the materials is Brick. Regular
bricks are generally used in buildings or in some other engineering applications. In manufacturing of these bricks, a lot
of waste is produced in the form of over- burnt-bricks. The bricks being near to the fire in the furnace receives a
temperature more heat and eventually shrink and loose its shape, its color becomes reddish. These bricks can’t be used
in construction, directly because of their distorted shape dark color. hose over-burnt brick could be a source of recycled
coarse aggregate. The primary goal of this paper is to assess the suitability of incorporating over-burnt bricks in
concrete, by the partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with overburnt brick aggregate (OBBA) in a
ratio of 20%, 50%, and 100%. Initially, mix proportion of 1:2:4 and w/c of 0.57 was selected. By replacing NCA with
OBBA while using mix proportion of 1:2:4 and w/c of 0.57, the resulting concrete was found non-mixable and nonworkable. Thus, mix was designed (for targeted strength of 4ksi) for all replacement percentages. Slump test was
conducted for each replacement and the results show that by increasing replacement percentage the workability of
concrete decreases. the slump values are in between the range of 3–1.5 inches. For compressive strength the cylindrical
specimens of 6" x 12" were tested at 3, 7, and 28 days. For 20% replacement, the loss in compressive strength is 42.16%
for 3 days and for 7 and 28 days the loss is 46.96% and 61.37% respectively. For 50 % replacement, the loss in strength
for 3, 7 and 28 days is 29.73%, 30.87% and 58.29% respectively. For 100% replacement, the loss in strength for 3, 7 and
28 days is 48.65%, 55.65% and 69.19%.
Foam concrete has become most trending material in construction industry. People from construction field were come
out with the mix design of foam concrete to meet the specifications and the requirement needs. This is because foam concrete
has the possibility as alternative of lightweight concrete for producing intermediate strength capabilities with excellent thermal
insulation, freeze-thaw resistance, high impact resistance and good shock absorption. Fibres are generally used in concrete to
reduce the crackings due to plastic and drying shrinkages. They also reduce the permeability of concrete and thus reduce
bleeding of water. The inclusion of fibre reinforcement in concrete can enhance many more engineering properties of the basic
materials, Such as fracture toughness, flexural toughness, flexural strength and resistance to fatigue, impact, thermal shock and
spalling. From the practical observations on addition of 2% of fibre gives the effective distribution of fibre in the concrete. The
strain value of the concrete is decreases with increase in fibre content.
The Mechanical Properties of Concrete Incorporating Silica Fume as Partial Re...HARISH B A
Concrete is the most important engineering
material and the addition of some other materials may change
the properties of concrete. With increase in trend towards the
wider use of concrete for prestressed concrete and high rise
buildings there is a growing demand of concrete with higher
compressive strength. Mineral additions which are also
known as mineral admixtures have been used with cements
for many years. Silica fume particles are 100 times smaller
than the average cement particle. Its handling and disposal is
a point of concern because of the environment concerns. Silica
fume is usually categorized as a supplementary cementitious
material. These materials exhibit pozzolanic properties,
cementitious properties and a combination of both properties.
Due to these properties, it can affect the concrete behavior in
many ways. In the present work, an attempt has been made to
use silica fume as a supplementary material for cement and to
evaluate the limit of replacement of cement for M20 grade
concrete. The main aim of this work is to study the
mechanical properties of M20 grade control concrete and
silica fume concrete with different percentages (5, 10, 15 and
20%) of silica fume as a partial replacement of cement.
The results of an experimental investigation to study the effects of partial replacement of cement with fly ash in rubberized and coconut shell concrete. The percentage of rubber used in this study was 5% replaced with coarse aggregate and fly ash varies from 0-20% were replaced with cement in conventional concrete. One size of tire rubber chips are used of about 10mm.
Rubber is produced excessively worldwide every year. It cannot be discharge off easily in the environment as its decomposition takes much time and also produces environmental pollution. In such a case the reuse of rubber would be a better choice.
In order to reuse rubber wastes, it was added to concrete as coarse aggregate and its different properties like compressive strength, Tensile strength, ductility etc. were investigated and compared with ordinary concrete.
As a result it was found that rubberized concrete is durable, less ductile, has greater crack resistance but has a low compressive strength when compared with ordinary concrete. The compressive strength of rubberized concrete can be increased by adding some amount of silica to it.
Properties of concrete with coconut shells (CS) as aggregate replacement were studied. Control concrete with normal aggregate and CS concrete with 10-20% coarse aggregate replacement with CS were made. Two mixes with CS and fly ash were also made to investigate fly ash effect on CS replaced concretes. Constant water to cementitious ratio of 0.6 was maintained for all the concretes. Properties like compressive strength, split tensile strength, water absorption and moisture migration were investigated in the laboratory. The results showed that, density of the concretes decreases with increase in CS percent.
Workability decreased with increase in CS replacement. Compressive and split tensile strengths of CS concretes were lower than control concrete. Permeable voids, absorption and sorption were higher for CS replaced concretes than control concrete. Coarse aggregate replacement with equivalent weight of fly ash had no influence when compared with properties of corresponding CS replaced concrete
The mix design was targeted to be M15 grade of concrete. The mix proportion of concrete was 1:2:4 with water cement ratio of 0.45.The fresh and hardened properties of rubberized concrete produced at two different replacements ratios of fly ash compared to the conventional concrete without rubber and fly ash.
The test result indicate that there was a small reduction in the strength with the 5% replacement in rubber content as compared with the conventional concrete. However, the increase of fly ash from 10% to 20% improved the mechanical properties of rubberized and coconut shell concrete.
This study explores the effects of rubber particles and coconut shell on some properties of concrete.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
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Study Of Mechanical Properties Of High Strength Concrete By Partial Replacement Of Cement With Fly Ash And In Corporating Of Fibers
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Study Of Mechanical Properties Of High
Strength Concrete By Partial Replacement Of
Cement With Fly Ash And In Corporating Of
Fibers
V.Sowmya1
,K.Srinivasa Rao2
1
U.G Student,2
Asst. Professor,
, Department of Civil Engineering,
Sir C R R College of Engineering, Eluru,India
Abstract: Concrete is considered as durable and
strong material. Concrete is one of the most popular
material used for constructions. The present
investigation deals with High strength concrete of
M60 by adding fiber material to strengthen the
concrete. Partial replacement of OPC with fly ash in
percentages of 0%, 5% and10% in various ratios and
also add Masterpel777, super plastisizer for
workability purpose. Exposure periods of 7, 14 and 28
days on various tests. In this project we have designed
M60 grade concrete using Design mix of Department
of Environment method of various strengths.
Keywords: High strength concrete, Fly ash, Super
plastisizer, Fibre, Masterpel777, DOE Method.
1. INTRODUCTION
In our country concrete industry plays a major role for
development of nation, government spend a huge
amount for building the nation like bridges, buildings
and dams etc. Cement is strong binding material,
coarse aggregate gives strength, fine aggregates are
used as void filler and water gives the strong bond
between the three ingredients. Usually hard broken
granite (HBG) is used as coarse aggregate and well
graded sand is used as fine aggregate. Water is reacts
with cement and the chemical reaction is started called
hydration which gives the strength to the concrete.
In the case of larger structures different types of
mixes are used in concrete like M20, M40, and M60
etc. if the strength is up to 40N/mm² is allowed to be a
conventional concrete, but if the strength is above
40N/mm² it is treated as High strength Concrete
(HSC). HSC is used widely in larger industry projects
like Polavaram project (A.P) for bearing high
pressures. In order to develop High strength concrete
we may use lower water powder (cement) binding
ratio and chemical admixtures which results better
workability.
High strength concrete is very costly, but it is used in
civil industry by replacing different waste materials
like fly ash, plastic, GGBS, E-Waste, fibers results to
decrease the effective cost. In this graduation project
replacing the cement by fly ash and felt fibers in
concrete with various percentages. We successfully
performed different experimental investigation tests
for finding the mechanical properties of concrete of
high strength grade M60. The super plasticizer used in
this investigation is Masterpel-777.
2. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANSE
1. To study the optimum percentage composition of fly
ash replacing cement which does not affect the
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concrete strength.
2. To determine the compressive strength, flexural
strength, split tensile strength of concrete with
cement replaced by different percentages of fly ash.
3. To study the durability aspects of concrete.
FLYASH:
Fly ash is the byproduct of the combustion of coal in
electric power generation plants and also the burning of
plants etc. Fly ash includes major components of silicon
dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide etc. in different
proportions, due to these chemical properties fly ash is used
as replacement of cement and increases the strength of
concrete and decreases the cost. If we increase the fly ash
content in concrete beyond the limits then strength of
concrete is decreases.
Fly ash can be classified into two types based on
chemical properties and source.
4. Class C
It contains more than 10% of calcium oxide and
it also possess both pozzolanic and cementious
properties. It is produced by burning of lignite or
sub bituminous coal.
5. Class F
It contains less than 5% calcium oxide content
and it posses’ pozzolanic properties but needs additive
for showing the properties. It is normally produced by
burning anthracite or bituminous coal.
FIBER:
Fiber is a natural or synthetic substance .It is used in
the manufacture of other materials. Synthetic fibers can often
be produced very cheaply and in large amounts compared to
natural fibers.
Fibers can be classified as four types based physical
properties.
6. Steel fiber
7. Natural fiber
8. Glass fiber
9. Synthetic fiber
Steel fibers are defined as short, discrete length of steel
having aspect ratio from 20 to 100 with any cross section.
Aspect ratio means ratio of length to diameter. We are taking
aspect ratio 40 in this project.
In this project we use the steel fiber for increasing the
strength of concrete. Steel fibers are added to concrete to
improve the structural properties like tensile and flexural
strength. The steel fiber increases the flexural strength up to
25% to 100% depending upon proportion of fiber added.
MASTER PEL 777 SUPERPLASTIZER:
Masterpel is a specially blended admixture that is used to
produce water resistant and efflorescence controlled concrete
mortar. The liquid super plasticizer or admixture is designed
to increase the workability of concrete and also decreases the
water content.
MasterPel 777 is compatible with most admixtures, corrosion
inhibitors and shrinkage reducers used in the production of
quality concrete including normal, other mid-range and high-
range water reducing admixtures, accelerators, retarders. The
Masterpel 777 admixture is used for both water proofing and
plasticizing effect for cemenconcrete, mortar and plaster etc.
It is also used in all types of concrete and mortar used in
construction of residential and commercial buildings etc. It is
also used in the construction of seawalls, tunnels, basements,
structural and pre-cast concrete.
3. TESTS ON MATERIALS
MATERIALS:
The various materials used in the concrete mix proportion is
explained as follows
Cement:
Cement is used as binding material which can hold the both
sand and aggregates together. Cement Grades are classified
according to average compressive strength. They are as
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follows 33, 43 and 53 Grade.
33 Grade cement is used in general construction like
plastering, finishing works etc, where high strength is not
required.
43 Grade cement is used for structural works, pre cast works
etc, strength development is faster than 33 Grade.
53 Grade cement is used for construction of multi storey
structures, pre cast pre stressed items, bridge, tall structures.
It develops very fast strength and speed up the construction.
In this project we can take the OPC of 53 Grade
cement only. The cement is nothing but composition of
different ingredients like silicates, aluminates, limestone and
clay in different percentage.
TESTS ON CEMENT
The following tests are performing to cement to known the
properties.
Test conducted Results
Fineness of cement 5%
Normal consistency 32%
Initial setting time 46min
Final setting time 570 min
Specific gravity 3.12
AGGREGATES
Test conducted on FA& CA Results
Fineness modulus of FA 3.36
Specific gravity of sand 2.69
Bulking of sand 4%
Zone of Sand III as per
IS:383-1970
Fineness modulus of CA 7.21
Specific gravity of CA 2.7
WATER
For proper chemical action, the amount of water required is
about 25% of the weight of cement used; however, more
water is used for proper workability of concrete. The water
used for both mixing and curing should be free from
injurious amount of oils, acids, alkalis, salts, organic
materials or other substances that may be harmful to
concrete. Portable water is considered to be satisfactory for
mixing concrete. The water is tested in accordance with IS:
3025 – 1984.
The w/c ratio is the one of important factor to determine the
strength of concrete. A lower w/c ratio will yield stronger
concrete, but difficult to work. A higher w/c ratio yields
lower strength concrete. Cement paste is the material formed
by combination of water and cementations materials. Water
is used for mixing of concrete ingredients should be free
from impurities.
According to IS 456 – 2000, the pH value of the water shall
not be less than 6.
In the Present study,The pH value of water used in the
concrete mix is 7.5
3. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CUBES:
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Compressive strength of cubes at the rate of 7, 14, 28 days at
different fly ash percentages 0%,5%&10%.
Split tensile strength of cylinders of various % of
replacement of cement by fly ash when immersed in water
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF CYLINDER:
Split tensile strength of cylinders at the rate of 7, 14, 28 days
at different fly ash percentages 0%, 5%&10%.
Compressive strength of cylinders of various % of
replacement of cement by fly ash when immersed in water
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CYLINDERS:
Compressive strength of cylinders at the rate of 7, 14, 28
days at different fly ash percentages 0%, 5%, &10%.
Flexural strength of beams of various % of replacement of
cement by fly ash when immersed in water
FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF BEAMS:
Flexural strength of beams at the rate of 7, 14, 28 days at
different percentages of fly ash 0%, 5% & 10%.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The performance was observed with addition of
super plasticizer Masterpel – 777 added for richer
mixes workability of the concrete maintain
uniformly.
2. When the grade of concrete is increased size of the
aggregates is reduced. With the help of different
trail mixes well suitable aggregate is graded
aggregate like 10-20mm.
3. Micro cracks appear, sudden failure observed in
high strength concrete cubes. In split tensile test the
cracks are longitudinally occurred.
0
50
100
150
200
0% 5% 10%
28 days
14 days
7days
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
0% 5% 10%
28 days
28 days
2
2.5
3
3.5
0% 5% 10%
28 days
28 days
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4. As per the experimental investigation successfully
found when the fiber is used within the permissible
limit 0.1-3%. The target strength of concrete is
reached at 10% fly ash, in addition to get good
improvement in workability.
5. As per Mix Design, Maximum compressive strength
of standard concrete cube is achieved 61.52N/mm²
for M60 grade of concrete in 28 days with water
cement ratio 0.32.
6. Maximum split tensile strength is 3.04 N/mm² is
attained in 10% of replacement of fly ash. It is
increased as compare to 5% of replacement of fly
ash at the age of 28 days. As per Is 456-2000 Split
tensile strength of concrete not so good comparison
with the code. Investigation of this result one of the
uncertainty in high strength concrete.
7. Flexural strength of concrete is 4.65 N/mm² at the
age of 28 days but it does not reach the required
strength. So, in high strength concrete the flexural
strength achieved by addition of fiber in maximum
limit.
8. Maximum compressive strength of cylinders is
35.86 N/mm² is attains at 10% of replacement of fly
ash and felts the 0.5% fibers at the age of 28 days,
but this not a good result as per code provisions.
FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK
1. To attain high strength concrete by using different type of
cements with felt fibers.
2. This project may be extended by replacing of different
super plasticizers with fiber to attain desired results.
3. To attain high strength concrete by using different types of
pozzolanic materials.
4. Comparing different aspect ratios of fibers felt in concrete
to gain required strength.
REFERENCES
[1]. HimabindhuMyadaraboina, “Development of high
volume fly ash concrete using ultra fine fly ash”, 23rd
Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of structures and
Materials (ACMSM23), Byron Bay, Australia, 9-12
December 2014, S.T.Smith (Ed.).
[2]. H.M.Somasekharaiah, “A study on fiber reinforced high
performance concrete using multiple mineral admixtures”,
International Journal of Research in Engineering and
Technology (IJRET), e-ISSN: 2319-1163, p-ISSN: 2321-
7308.
[3]. A.M. Shende, “Experimental Study on Steel Fiber
Reinforced Concrete for M-40 Grade”, International
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(Online) 2319-183X,(Print) 2319-1821 Volume 1, Issue 1
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[4]. Mohammad Abdur Rashid,
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[7]. NileshR.Parmar, “High strength concrete with pond-ash
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[8]. Siddamreddy Anil kumar Reddy,
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Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2017 Available at: www.dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017
IDL - International Digital Library 6|P a g e Copyright@IDL-2017
(2013):6:14/Impact factor (2013):4.438.
[9]. AmanJatale,
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