Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material in the world and is consumed second only to water on this planet. It is obtained by mixing the cementitious materials, water and aggregates in the required proportions. However, the various required performance attributes of concrete including strength, workability, dimensional stability and durability, often impose contradictory requirements on the mix parameters to be adopted, there by rendering the concrete mix design a very difficult task. The increase in global warming has resulted a wide range of change in earth’s temperature, the source being emission of carbon dioxide gas from the production process of cement. Use of naturally available pozzolanic waste materials (fly ash & granite powder) as a partial substitute of OPC cement in mortar mix has seen a wide potential in the utilization of these waste material and also enhancing the properties of mortar mix and thus reducing the environment impact caused by manufacturing of cement. In this study the effect of using fly ash & granite powder is used as a partial substitute of ordinary port-land cement and to reduce the cost of the cement. An investigation was conducted to determine the suitability of using fly ash (bi-product from thermal power plant) and waste granite powder as partial replacement for cement for concrete production. Apart from the control concrete sample which had 100% cement all the other samples were treated to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% replacement of cement with flyash and granite powder. Concrete cubes of 150mmx150mmx150mm, cylinders of 150mm diameter and 300mm height, beams of 100mmx100mmx500mm were made with the various proportions of cement, sand and coarse aggregates in a mix ratio of 1:2.2:3, water -cement ratio of 0.50 and cured over 28 days. The results of compressive strength tests show that the strength of the concrete cubes with varying amounts of cement and fly ash and granite powder changed marginally. This was interpreted to mean that the partial replacement of cement with fly ash and granite powder up to 20% in concrete results in about 1.4% increase in the strength of the concrete. The compressive strength of concrete cubes is 33N/mm2, flexural strength of concrete beams is 5.10 N/mm2 and split tensile strength of concrete cylinder is 2.34 N/mm2 for 20% replacement.

1. Under the Guidance of:
Prof. Nitin Deshpande
Presented By:
Ajeet P. (2GI13CV705)
Saqeeb N. (2GI13CV736)
Zuber M. (2GI13CV751)
Heena J. (2GI12CV443)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
KLS GIT, BELAGAVI - 590008
“Experimental studies on the characteristics properties of
concrete produced by replacing cement with flyash and
granite powder

2. CONTENTSCONTENTS
 Introduction
 Importance Of The Present Study
(Need For Replacing Cement By Fly Ash And Granite Powder)
 Objectives Of The Project
 Literature Review
 Materials Used
 Material Testing Results
 Results And Discussion
 Conclusions
 Scope For Future Study
 References

4. Concrete is versatile, has desirable engineering properties, can be moulded into
any shape and more importantly can be produced with cost-effective materials.
Concrete consists of mainly four ingredients which can be classified into two
groups:
1. Active Group consisting of cement and water.
2. Inactive Group consisting of the fine and coarse aggregates.
The active group is sometimes also called as ‘matrix’ which binds the inactive
ingredients and makes the solid block of concrete.

6. IMPORTANCE OF THE PRESENTIMPORTANCE OF THE PRESENT
STUDYSTUDY

7. CONCRETE COMPOSITIONCONCRETE COMPOSITION
Aggregates make up about 65-80% of the total
volume of concrete

8. In present days, utilization of flyash in concrete as partial replacement of
cement is gaining immense importance, on account of the improvement
in the long-term durability of concrete combined with ecological benefits.
The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) like flyash
(FA),granite powder can not only improve the various properties of
concrete both in its fresh and hardened states, but also can contribute
to economy in construction costs.
The major contributor of global warming is cement industry which leads
to the emission of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as well as using up
high level of energy resources in the production of cement.
There are many advantages of using such industrial wastes, as it
improves the performance of concrete exposed to sulphate environment,
deterioration caused by alkali-aggregate interaction.

9. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECTOBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
1. In this study, an attempt will be made to replace cement in concrete by
fly ash and waste granite powder, by using various replacement
percentages and study the effect of this replacement on the economy
and strength.
2. In this study, the properties of concrete in the fresh state such as
workability and the properties of concrete in the hardened state such
as compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength are
studied by replacing cement in concrete by fly ash and waste granite
powder

10. LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW
Abhinav Singh et.al, “Effect of partial replacement of cement by flyash and addition of granite
powder on the properties of concrete”
 The paper describes a comparative study on effects of concrete properties when OPC 43 of
varying grades were partially replaced by flyash. The main variable investigated in the
study is variation of fly ash dosage of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% etc. In this paper, the
study is based on study of compressive strength and flexural strength.
 Based on this study compressive strength V/s percentage of replacement and addition of the
mixture curves have been plotted so that concrete mixes of grade M25 with different
percentage of fly ash can be directly designed
M.Vijayalakshmi et.al, “Strength and durability properties of concrete made with granite
industry waste”
 carried work on the suitability of granite powder (GP) waste as a substitute material for fine
aggregates in concrete production. The experimental parameter was percentage of granite
powder substitution. Concrete mixtures were prepared by 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and
50% etc, of fine aggregate substituted by granite powder waste.
 Various mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural
strength; ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and elastic modulus were evaluated.

11. Dr.G.Prince Arulraj et.al, “Granite powder concrete”
 The percentages of granite powder added by weight to replace sand by weight
were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. To improve the workability of concrete
0.5% Super plasticiser was added.
 This attempt has been done due to the exorbitant hike in the price of fine aggregate
and its limited availability due to the restriction imposed by the government. The
optimal dosage of replacement is found to be 15%.
T. Felix kala et.al, “Effect of Granite Powder on Strength Properties of Concrete”
 The percentage of granite powder added by weight was 0%,20%, 40%, 50% as a
replacement of sand used in concrete and cement was replaced with 7.5% silica fume,
10% fly ash, 10% slag and 1% super plasticiser. In the present study, a significant
increase has been observed in the concrete mix with 25% granite powder (GP25)
together with admixtures (fly ash 10%, slag 10%, silica fume 7.5% and super
plasticiser 1%).
 The split tensile strength of granite powder concretes was increases when
admixtures are used, which varies between 2.14 to 6.0 MPa. The range of modulus
of elasticity increase in concrete mixes is 4.11 to 6.84 %, 10.16 to 18.54 %, 8.42 to
14.23 %, 6.17 to 8.65 % and 0.77 to 3.14 % for granite powder 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%
and 100%.The range of flexural strength increases in 3 to 8.73 %, 14 to 21.69 %, 11.43
to 18.34 %, 6.15 to 12.22 % and 0.65 to 4.78 % for granite powder 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%
and 100%.

12. Finer and Coarser NaturalFiner and Coarser Natural
SandSand

13. Natural SandNatural Sand
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided
rock and mineral particles.
As per IS:383-1970;“Natural Sand is Fine aggregate resulting from natural
disintegration of rock and which has been deposited by streams or glacial
agencies”
Fine aggregate is the aggregate most of which passes the 4.75mm I.S sieve
and contains only much coarser materials as permitted.

14. Materials used
1. Cement
2. Fine aggregates
3. Coarse aggregates
4. Flyash
5.Granite powder
1. Cement:
Ordinary Portland Cement (O.P.C) confirming to IS: 12269-1987, ACC Cement 43-Grade
O.P.C procured from a single source was used. The properties of which tested in the
laboratory.
2. Fine aggregate:
As per IS383-1970; the aggregate shall consist of naturally occurring gravel and sand or
their combination. Good quality Zone I fine aggregates were used.

15. 3. Coarse aggregate:
As per IS383-1970; the coarse aggregate shall consist of naturally occurring stones and gravel.
They shall be hard, strong, dense, durable, clear and free from adherent coating. Also it should
be free from injurious amount of disintegrate pieces, alkali, vegetable matter and other harmful
substance. In the present study the locally available aggregates from crusher, consisting of
20mm downsize were used.

16. Flyash and Granite powderFlyash and Granite powder
 Flyash is finely divided residue resulting from the combustion of powdered coal and
transported by the flue gases and collected by electrostatic precipitator.
 There are two ways that the flyash can be used, one way is to inter grind certain
percentage of fly ash with cement clinker at the factory to produce Portland pozzolana
cement (PPC) and the second way is to use the flyash as an admixture at the time of
making concrete at the site of work. The latter method gives freedom and flexibility to
the user regarding the percentage addition of fly ash.
 The specific gravity of the fly ash sample is 2.81.
 Granite is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic
in texture. The granite powder is a waste generating during the cutting of granites
stones.
 The specific gravity of the granite powder is 3.05.

17. Chemical composition of Granite PowderChemical composition of Granite Powder

18. Physico-chemical composition of FlyashPhysico-chemical composition of Flyash

19. EXPERIMENTATION PROGRAMMEEXPERIMENTATION PROGRAMME
1.CEMENT
a. Normal Consistency
b. Specific gravity
2. FINE AGGREGATE
a. Specific gravity
b. Bulk density
3. COARSE AGGREGATE
a. Specific gravity
b. Bulk density
Ordinary Portland cement - 43 grade
Cement mortar cubes

20. Normal consistency CementNormal consistency Cement
Normal consistency = 34%
% of Water added Penetration of needle (mm)
28 24
30 20
32 15
34 5

21. Specific Gravity Test on CementSpecific Gravity Test on Cement
1. Empty weight of the specific gravity bottle = W1 = 73grams
2. Weight of bottle + half filled with Cement = W2 = 88.5grams
3. Weight of bottle + half filled with Cement + half filled with Kerosene =W3 = 163.5
4. Weight of bottle + Kerosene fully filled = W4 = 152grams
5. Weight of bottle + water fully filled = W5 = 172.5 grams
Specific gravity of cement sample =
(W2-W1) * (W4-W1)
[(W4-W1) – (W3-W2)] * (W5-W1)
= 3.08

22. Specific gravity of Fine AggregateSpecific gravity of Fine Aggregate
Sl. No. Description Sample
1. Empty weight of the pycnometer ‘W1’ 465.6gms
2.
Weight of the pycnometer filled with fine
aggregate ‘W2’
804.2gms
3.
Weight of the pycnometer filled with fine
aggregate and with water ‘W3’
1462.8gms
4.
Weight of the pycnometer filled with full of
water ‘W4’
1255.5gms
5. Specific gravity of fine aggregates 2.57
Formula:
Specific gravity of the fine aggregates; Gs = (W2-W1) / [(W4-W1) - (W3-W2)]
Result:
The specific gravity of the fine aggregate sample was found to be 2.57

23. Bulk density of Fine AggregateBulk density of Fine AggregateObservations:
Height of the cylinder; H = 173 mm
Diameter of the cylinder; D = 150 mm
Volume of the cylinder; V = 3*10-3
m3
Formula:
Bulk density (in kg/lit) = (W2-W1) / V
Result:
Bulk density of fine aggregate in rodded condition = 1600kg/m3
Sl. No. Description Sample
1 Empty weight of the cylinder ‘W1’ 2900gms
2
Weight of the cylinder filled with fine aggregates
‘W2’
7750gms
3 Weight of the aggregates in the cylinder (W2-W1) 4850gms
4 Bulk density of aggregates 1.60 kg/lit

24. Material information:
20mm size aggregates
Calculations:
Bulk Specific gravity= weight of sample in air / Loss of weight of sample in water
= W1 /(W1-(W3-W2))
= 3.0
Specific gravity of Coarse AggregateSpecific gravity of Coarse Aggregate
Sl.No. Description Weight in
gms
1 Weight of the aggregates surface dry sample ‘W1’ 3000
2 Weight of basket suspended in water ‘W2’ 2200
3 Weigh of wire basket + aggregates compacted in three layers + fully
immersed in water, ‘W3’
4200
4 Weight of aggregates suspended in water ‘W3-W2’ 2000
5 Weight of oven dry aggregates in air ‘W4’ 2980

25. Bulk density of Coarse AggregateBulk density of Coarse Aggregate
Material information:
Size of the aggregates
20mm size aggregates
Observations:
Volume of the cylinder; V =3*10-3
m3
Calculations:
Bulk density (in kg/lit) = (W2 – W1) / V
Results:
20mm size aggregates; Bulk density = 1700kg/m3
Sl.No. Description
Weight in gms
(20mm size)
1 Empty weight of the cylinder, ‘W1’ 2900
2
Weight of the cylinder filled with
aggregates, ‘W2’
8066.66
3 Weight of the aggregates in the cylinder (W2-W1) 5166.66

26. Specific gravity test on FlyashSpecific gravity test on Flyash
Sl.No. Description weight
1 Empty weight of the bottle ‘W1’ 53 gms
2 Weight of the bottle filled with water ‘W2’ 151 gms
3 Weight of the bottle filled with kerosene ‘W3’ 129.5 gms
4 Weight of bottle+ Fly ash + kerosene ‘W4’ 142.5 gms
5 Weight of Fly ash ‘W5’ 2.57
Formula:
Specific gravity of kerosene Gk = (W3-W1) / (W2-W1)
Specific gravity of Fly ash Gf = [W5(W3-W1)] / [(W5+W3-W4)(W2-W1)]
Results:
The specific gravity of the Fly ash sample was found to be 2.81.

27. Specific gravity test on Granite powderSpecific gravity test on Granite powder
Sl.No. Description weight
1 Empty weight of the bottle ‘W1’ 53 gms
2 Weight of the bottle filled with water ‘W2’ 150.1 gms
3 Weight of the bottle filled with kerosene ‘W3’ 130 gms
4 Weight of bottle+ granite powder + kerosene ‘W4’ 140 gms
5 Weight of granite powder ‘W5’ 13.5
Formula:
Specific gravity of kerosene Gk = (W3-W1) / (W2-W1)
Specific gravity of granite powder Gg = [W5(W3-W1)] / [(W5+W3-W4)(W2-W1)]
Results:
The specific gravity of the granite powder sample was found to be 3.05.

28. CONCRETE MIX DESIGNCONCRETE MIX DESIGN
Stipulations for proportioning:
Grade Designation : M25
Type of Cement : OPC-43 grade confirming to IS-8112
Maximum nominal size of aggregate : 20mm
Minimum cement content : 300Kg/m3
Maximum cement content : 450 Kg/m3
Maximum water cement ratio : 0.5
Workability : (25 – 50)mm slump
Exposure condition : Moderate
Method of concrete placing : pumping
Degree of supervision : Good
Type of aggregate : Crushed stone aggregate
Chemical admixture type : Nil

29. Test data for materials:
Cement used : OPC-43 Grade confirming to IS-8112
Specific gravity of cement : 3.08
Specific gravity of :
Coarse aggregate Sc = 2.95
Fine aggregate Sf = 2.57
Fine aggregate : Confirming to grading Zone-1 of table 4 of IS 383.
Target strength for mix proportioning:
F’ck = fck + 1.65 S
Where ,
F’ck = targetaverage compressive strength at 28 days
fck = characteristic compressive strength at 28 days
S = standard deviation
From table-1 of IS 10262:2009 , standard deviation = 4 N/mm2
F’ck = f ck + 1.65 S
= 25 + (1.65*4 )
Therefore the target strength = 31.6 N/mm2

30. Selection of water cement ratio:
The water cement ratio adopted is 0.5 .
Selection of water content:
From table 2 of IS 10262:2009 ,
For 20mm angular aggregates ,
Maximum water content = 186 litres ( 25-50mm slump range ) .
Calculation of cement content:
Water cement ratio = 0.5
Cement content = ( 186/0.5) = 372 Kg/m3
As 372 Kg/m3
is greater than 300 Kg/m3
, Hence ok

31. Proportion of volume of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate content:
From table -3 of IS 10262:2009, volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20mm size coarse
aggregate and fine aggregate (Zone-1) for water cement ratio of 0.5 = 0.6
For pumpable concrete these value should be reduced by 10 percent,
Volume of coarse aggregate Vg = 0.6*0.9 = 0.54
Volume of fine aggregate content Vf= 1-0.54 = 0.46
Mix calculations:
The mix calculations per unit volume of concrete shall be as follows,
Volume of concrete (a) = 1 m3
Cement volume= ((mass of cement/specific gravity of cement))/1000
(b) = ((372/3.08))/1000 = 0.12 m3
Volume of water = ((mass of water/specific gravity of water))/1000
(c ) = ((186/1))/1000 = 0.186 m3
Volume of all in aggregates = ( a-( b+c )) =(1-(0.12+0.186)) =0.694 m3
Mass of coarse aggregates = 0.694* Vg*Sc*1000
=0.694*0.54*2.95*1000 = 1105.542 Kg
Mass of fine aggregates = 0.694* vf* Sf*1000
=0.694*0.45*2.57*1000 = 820.44 Kg

32. Mix proportion for trial number:
1. Cement = 372 Kg/m3
2. Water = 186 kg/m3
3. Fine aggregates = 820.44 kg/m3
4. Coarse aggregates = 1105.542 Kg/m3
5. Chemical admixture = nil
6. Water cement ratio = 0.5
7. Cement ratio = (372/372) = 1
8. Fine aggregates ratio = (820.44/372) = 2.20
9. Coarse aggregates ratio =( 1105.542/372) = 3
Concrete mix proportion =1 : 2.20 : 3
Water/Cement ratio: 0.5

33. Moulds used for casting concrete
Concrete filled moulds

34. Concrete specimens after curing (28 days)

35. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Characteristics properties of concrete produced by partial replacement of cement
with flyash and granite powder in different percentages:
1.Workability (Slump cone test)
2.Compressive strength
3.Flexural strength
4.Split tensile strength and
5.Costs per m3
of the concrete

36. Workability test (Slump Cone test)Workability test (Slump Cone test)
SI. No.
% of flyash +%of
granite powder
% of cement W/C ratio Slump (mm)
1 0% 100% 0.5 37
2 20% 80% 0.5 34
3 40% 60% 0.5 30.6
4 60% 40% 0.5 26
5 80% 20% 0.5 12
6 100% 0% 0.5 7

37. Figure : Workability results for concrete with partial replacement of cement with flyash and
granite powder

38. Workability test (Slump Test)

39. Compression strength testCompression strength test
Fly ash and
Granite powder
(G.P) %
W/C ratio
Area of cube
mm2
Crushing load
KN
Compressive
Strength
N/mm2
Average
Compressive
Strength
N/mm2
Cement 100% 0.50
150x150 880 39.11
41.40150x150 880 39.11
150x150 1035 46.0
Cement 80% +
flyash 10% +
G.P 10%
0.50
150x150 880 39.11
33.03150x150 650 28.88
150x150 700 31.11
Cement 60% +
flyash 20% +
G.P 20%
0.5
150x150 630 28.0
25.03150x150 500 22.22
150x150 560 24.8
Cement 40% +
flyash 30% +
G.P 30%
0.5
150x150 475 21.11
20.44150x150 475 21.11
150x150 430 19.12
Cement 20% +
flyash 40% +
G.P 40%
0.5
150x150 180 8.0
7.62150x150 155 6.88
150x150 180 8.0
Fly Ash 50% +
G.P 50%
0.5
150x150 110 4.88
5.35150x150 130 5.77
150x150 125 5.53

40. Figure : Compressive strength results for concrete cubes with partial replacement of cement
with flyash and granite powder

41. Compression strength test

42. Split tensile strength testSplit tensile strength test
Fly ash and
Granite
powder (G.P)
%
W/C ratio
Crushing load
KN
Tensile Strength
N/mm2
Average
Tensile Strength
N/mm2
Cement 100% 0.5
200 2.832
2.736200 2.832
180 2.546
Cement 80% +
flyash 10% +
G.P 10%
0.5
160 2.263
2.357160 2.263
180 2.546
Cement 60% +
flyash 20% +
G.P 20%
0.5
135 1.909
1.720
115 1.626
115 1.626
Cement 40% +
flyash 30% +
G.P 30%
0.5
90 1.273
1.3790 1.273
115 1.626
Cement 20% +
flyash 40% +
G.P 40%
0.5
22.5 0.318
0.32023 0.325
22.5 0.318
Fly Ash 50% +
G.P 50%
0.5
5 0.07
0.0675 0.07

43. Figure : Split Tensile strength results for cylinders with partial replacement of cement with flyash and
granite powder

44. Split tensile strength test

45. Flexural strength testFlexural strength test
Fly ash and
Granite
powder (G.P) %
W/C ratio
Flexural load
KN
Flexural Strength
N/mm2
Average
Flexural Strength
N/mm2
Cement 100% 0.5
17 6.8
6.8817.5 7.0
17.1 6.84
Cement 80% +
flyash 10% +
G.P 10%
0.5
12.2 5.12
5.1012.4 5.08
12.2 5.12
Cement 60% +
flyash 20% +
G.P 20%
0.5
8.5 3.4
3.388.7 3.48
8.2 3.28
Cement 40% +
flyash 30% +
G.P 30%
0.5
7.0 2.8
2.837.2 2.88
7.0 2.8
Cement 20% +
flyash 40% +
G.P 40%
0.5
5.1 2.04
2.125.7 2.28
5.1 2.04
Fly Ash 50% +
G.P 50%
0.5
2.3 0.92
0.982.4 0.96
2.7 1.08

46. Figure: Flexural strength results for beams with partial replacement of cement with flyash
and granite powder

47. Flexural strength test

48. COSTS PER mCOSTS PER m33
OF THE CONCRETEOF THE CONCRETE
For Concretes without Fly ash and granite powder (For 100% cement
W/C= 0.5 and Compressive strength= 25N/mm2
)
Material Proportion Quantity per m3
of
concrete
Unit Rate Cost per m3
of
concrete
Cement (OPC) 1.0 372 Kg Rs. 310/- per bag Rs. 2306/-
Water 0.5 186 liters Nil Nil
F.A
(Sand)
2.2 820.44 Kg Rs. 4000/- per m3
Rs. 1276/-
C.A
(All fractions)
3.0 1105.542 Kg Rs. 3000/- per m3
Rs. 1104/-
Density of concrete = 2484kg/m3
Total Cost per m3
= Rs. 4686/-

49. For Concretes with fly ash and granite powder (20% flyash and granite
powder + 80% cement) (For W/C= 0.5 and Compressive strength=
25N/mm2)
Material Proportion Quantity per m3
of
concrete
Unit Rate Cost per m3
of
concrete
Cement (OPC) 1.00 297 Rs. 310/- per bag Rs. 1846/-
Water 0.50 186 Nil Nil
F.A
(Sand)
2.2 820.44 Kg Rs. 4000/- per m3
Rs. 1276/-
C.A
(All fractions)
3.0 1105.542 Kg Rs. 3000/- per m3
Rs. 1104/-
Fly ash
(Class F)
- 37.2 Rs. 1/Kg Rs. 38/-
Granite powder - 37.2 - -
Density of concrete = 2484 kg/m3
Total Cost per m3
= Rs. 4264/-

50. CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
Conventional concrete shows at 28 days compressive strength as 41.34
N/mm2
, split tensile strength of 2.736 N/mm2
and flexural strength of 6.88
N/mm2
.
The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength
marginally decreases with partial replacement cement with fly-ash and
granite powder when compared to that of conventional (control) concretes.
With the increase in fly-ash and granite powder replacement for 40% and
60% percentage, the 28-day cured cube compressive strength decreases
compared to that of conventional (control) concretes.

51. With the increase in fly-ash and granite powder replacement for 40% and 60%
percentage, the split tensile strength and flexural strength decreases
compared to that of conventional (control) concretes.
The 20 % fly-ash and granite powder variation resulted in strength values
above that of the design (31.6 N/mm2
). However the best results were
achieved with 20 % fly-ash and granite powder. The partial replacement
of cement by fly-ash and granite powder can therefore make up to 20%.
The cost per m3
of concrete with 100% Cement is Rs. 4686/- and using
10% fly-ash and 10 % Granite powder is Rs. 4264/- and it will save cost
around Rs. 422/-m3
of concrete.

52. SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDYSCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDY
1.Durability characteristics such as permeability, sulphate attack, chloride attack and
acidic attack can be studied with partial replacement of Cement by fly-ash and granite
powder.
2.The various percentages like 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20%,
22.5%, 25%, 27.5% and 30% can be studied strength for the respective percentages
can be studied.

53. REFERENCESREFERENCES
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granite industry waste”, International Journal of engineering science and technology, Vol.3, No.01, ISSN: 2250-3498.
2. T. Felixkala and P. Partheeban (2010), “Granite powder concrete”, Indian journal of science and technology, Vol.3, No.3,
ISSN: 0974- 6846.
3. Y.Yaswanth Kumar, C. M. Vivek and A. Anitha (2015), “Use of granite waste as partial substitute to cement in concrete”,
Indian journal of engineering research and applications, Vol.5, Issue:4, ISSN : 2248-9622.
4. T. Felixkala (2013), “Effect of granite powder on strength properties of concrete”, International journal of engineering and
science, Vol.2, No.36-50, ISSN: 2278- 4721.
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on the properties of concrete”, International journal of computer & mathematical science, Vol.3, Issue: 5, ISSN: 2357.
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powder”, IOSR journal of mechanical and civil engineering, Vol.13, Issue: 13, ISSN: 2278-168.
7. Dr. K. A. Abubaker and Soman. K (2014), “Strength properties of concrete with partial replacement of cement by granite
quarry dust”, International journal of engineering research & technology, Vol. 3, Issue: 9, ISSN: 2278-0181.
8. Shetty M. S., “Concrete Technology: Theory and Practice”, First Edition, Reprint 2005, S. Chand and Company Ltd.
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9. Neville A. M., “Properties of Concrete”, Fourth Edition, 2003, Pearson Education Publication, New Delhi, India

54. IS CODE USED FOR PROJECT WORKIS CODE USED FOR PROJECT WORK
1. IS 383: 1970, “Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregate from Natural Sources for
Concrete”, Second Revision, Reaffirmed-1997, Bureau of Indian Standards, India.
2. IS 2386: 1963, “Methods of Test for Aggregates for Concrete”, Reaffirmed- 1997,
Bureau of Indian Standards, India
3. IS 10262: 2009, First Revision, “Concrete mix Proportioning-Guidelines”, Bureau of
Indian Standards, India
4. IS: 12269-1987, “Ordinary Portland Cement (O.P.C)”, Bureau of Indian Standards,
India

55. THANK YOUTHANK YOU