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- Testing was done on concrete cubes with cement replaced 20-30% by fly ash and 1.5-4.5% by nano-silica. The highest compressive strength was achieved with 20% fly ash and 3% nano-silica replacement.
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2) Previous studies have found that concrete made with recycled aggregates as a partial or full replacement of natural coarse aggregates can achieve comparable compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths as normal concrete. However, further research is still needed to determine the impact on concrete durability.
3) The current study aims to produce recycled aggregates from construction waste on campus and use them in proportions of 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100% as a replacement for natural coarse aggregates in concrete mixes. The
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This document summarizes research on using crushed over burnt bricks as coarse aggregate in concrete. Tests were conducted to determine the physical properties of crushed over burnt brick aggregates and their suitability for replacing traditional stone aggregates at different percentages (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). The density and compressive strength of the concrete mixes decreased as the percentage of burnt brick aggregate increased. Software analysis using ANSYS found that up to 50% replacement resulted in acceptable deformation, strain, and stress levels under a high load, suggesting burnt brick aggregate can be used as a partial replacement at up to 50% to create economical concrete.
OPTIMUM REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE BY STEEL SLAG AND FINE AGGREGATE BY W...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that aimed to optimize the replacement of coarse aggregate with steel slag and fine aggregate with waste glass powder in concrete. The study involved replacing coarse aggregate with 0-80% steel slag and fine aggregate with 0-50% waste glass powder. The compressive strength of concrete cubes with these replacements was tested after 7 and 28 days of curing. The study also examined combining the optimal replacements of both aggregates to find the maximum combined replacement with steel slag and glass powder still providing adequate compressive strength.
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This document discusses a study on the behavior of concrete when the coarse aggregate is partially replaced with waste plastic. Concrete cubes with different percentages of coarse aggregate replacement (5%, 10%, and 20%) were cast and tested for compressive and tensile strength. The waste plastic is used to partially replace the coarse aggregate in concrete mixes to improve the strength and behavior of concrete compared to normal concrete. The study aims to determine the compressive strength, tensile strength, and other physical properties of concrete with plastic aggregate and compare it to natural concrete. The concrete containing plastic aggregate is proposed for use in non-load bearing construction.
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This document studies recycled aggregate concrete containing silica fume as a partial replacement for cement. Various percentages of recycled aggregate were used to replace natural aggregate in concrete mixes, from 0% to 50%. Mechanical properties such as compressive and tensile strength were tested. The results showed that replacing up to 30% of natural aggregate with recycled aggregate can achieve similar strength as conventional concrete. Above 30% replacement, strength tends to decrease. The materials used in the concrete mixes included grade 43 cement, natural and recycled coarse aggregates of different sizes, river sand, silica fume, and water.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BY USING NANO- SILICA AND ...IRJET Journal
- The document experimentally investigates the strength of concrete when cement is partially replaced by nano-silica and fly ash.
- Testing was done on concrete cubes with cement replaced 20-30% by fly ash and 1.5-4.5% by nano-silica. The highest compressive strength was achieved with 20% fly ash and 3% nano-silica replacement.
- Results showed that up to 3% nano-silica replacement, compressive strength initially increased then decreased with further nano-silica for a given fly ash content. Replacing over 30% cement with fly ash decreased strength below the control mix.
IRJET- Behaviour of RC Slabs with Recycled Aggregates Subjected to Static and...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the use of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste in concrete as a replacement for natural aggregates. Recycled aggregates are produced by collecting waste concrete, crushing it, sieving it, and washing it.
2) Previous studies have found that concrete made with recycled aggregates as a partial or full replacement of natural coarse aggregates can achieve comparable compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths as normal concrete. However, further research is still needed to determine the impact on concrete durability.
3) The current study aims to produce recycled aggregates from construction waste on campus and use them in proportions of 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100% as a replacement for natural coarse aggregates in concrete mixes. The
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This document summarizes research on using crushed over burnt bricks as coarse aggregate in concrete. Tests were conducted to determine the physical properties of crushed over burnt brick aggregates and their suitability for replacing traditional stone aggregates at different percentages (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). The density and compressive strength of the concrete mixes decreased as the percentage of burnt brick aggregate increased. Software analysis using ANSYS found that up to 50% replacement resulted in acceptable deformation, strain, and stress levels under a high load, suggesting burnt brick aggregate can be used as a partial replacement at up to 50% to create economical concrete.
OPTIMUM REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE BY STEEL SLAG AND FINE AGGREGATE BY W...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that aimed to optimize the replacement of coarse aggregate with steel slag and fine aggregate with waste glass powder in concrete. The study involved replacing coarse aggregate with 0-80% steel slag and fine aggregate with 0-50% waste glass powder. The compressive strength of concrete cubes with these replacements was tested after 7 and 28 days of curing. The study also examined combining the optimal replacements of both aggregates to find the maximum combined replacement with steel slag and glass powder still providing adequate compressive strength.
A Study on Behavior of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate wi...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the behavior of concrete when the coarse aggregate is partially replaced with waste plastic. Concrete cubes with different percentages of coarse aggregate replacement (5%, 10%, and 20%) were cast and tested for compressive and tensile strength. The waste plastic is used to partially replace the coarse aggregate in concrete mixes to improve the strength and behavior of concrete compared to normal concrete. The study aims to determine the compressive strength, tensile strength, and other physical properties of concrete with plastic aggregate and compare it to natural concrete. The concrete containing plastic aggregate is proposed for use in non-load bearing construction.
Study of Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete by using Pum...IRJET Journal
This document studies the mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concrete made with pumice stone, ceramic tiles, and cellular lightweight concrete (CLC) bricks as partial replacements for normal coarse and fine aggregates. Pumice stone, ceramic tiles, and CLC bricks are all lightweight materials that are used to replace aggregates at rates of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Specimens including cubes, cylinders, and prisms are cast and tested at curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days to evaluate properties like compressive strength and flexural strength. The goal is to develop an improved lightweight concrete that maintains structural integrity while reducing self-weight through the use of these alternative aggregates.
IRJET - Experimental Study of Replacement of Ceramic Waste in Paver BlocksIRJET Journal
This study experimentally evaluated replacing ceramic waste as coarse aggregate in paver blocks. Ceramic waste from industries cannot be recycled and comprises 30% of total waste. Paver blocks were produced by replacing conventional coarse aggregate with 15%, 25%, 35%, and 45% ceramic waste by weight. Tests on compressive strength, impact strength, and water absorption were conducted on samples at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed compressive strength decreased with higher ceramic waste content but addition of silica fume and coconut fiber helped increase strength over time. Visual inspection found no cracks or flaws, indicating ceramic waste can successfully be used partially in paver blocks for effective waste recycling and utilization.
IRJET- To Study the Effect of Recycled Aggregate in High Strength ConcreteIRJET Journal
This study evaluated the effect of replacing natural coarse aggregates with recycled concrete aggregates at different replacement percentages (0%, 25%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%) on the compressive and flexural strengths of concrete. The results showed that compressive and flexural strengths decreased as the replacement percentage increased, except at 60% replacement where the strengths were similar to the control concrete (0% replacement). The maximum recommended replacement percentage was determined to be 60%, beyond which strengths started to significantly decrease. Replacement of up to 60% recycled concrete aggregates was found to produce concrete with comparable strengths to conventional concrete.
Analysis of M25 Grade of Self-Healing Concrete by Partial Replacement of Coar...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the use of e-waste as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in M25 grade self-healing concrete. ABS plastic from e-waste was used to replace coarse aggregate at percentages from 5-25%. Calcium lactate was also added at levels of 0.5-1% as a nutrient for bacteria. Samples were tested for compressive, tensile, and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days. The 15% ABS plastic and 1% calcium lactate mixture achieved the highest compressive strength of 21.74 MPa at 7 days and 33.62 MPa at 28 days, indicating e-waste can partially replace coarse aggregate without significantly reducing concrete strength if proper proportions are used.
IRJET - Performance of Self Compacting Concrete with Replacement of Granite P...IRJET Journal
This study investigates the use of granite powder to partially replace fine aggregate in self-compacting concrete (SCC). Granite powder is a waste product from granite cutting and polishing industries. The objectives are to study the fresh and hardened properties of SCC containing granite powder and to evaluate its potential as a supplementary cementitious material. The methodology includes mixing SCC with varying replacement levels of fine aggregate with granite powder, casting specimens, and testing them to determine properties like compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. Preliminary tests are also conducted on the materials used. The results will help in utilizing an industrial waste product while developing more sustainable self-compacting concrete.
IRJET- Use of Plastic Waste as a Partial Replacement of Aggregate in Paver Bl...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into using plastic waste as a partial replacement for aggregate in paver blocks. Tests were conducted replacing coarse aggregate in an M20 concrete mix with 0%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 8% and 10% plastic by weight. Paver blocks were cast and tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 21 days. Results found compressive strength was highest for mixes with 2.5%, 3% and 4% plastic replacement and lowest for 10% replacement. The study concludes plastic waste can partially replace aggregate in paver blocks while maintaining adequate compressive strength.
INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE BLOCKIRJET Journal
This document discusses an investigation into the performance of concrete blocks made with recycled aggregates. Specifically, it looks at partially replacing cement with iron ore ash and partially replacing fine aggregate with glass waste.
The objectives are to study the characteristics of the recycled materials, the performance of the concrete blocks, and do a cost analysis. A literature review found that using recycled glass bottles as fine aggregate can reduce compressive strength slightly but workability.
The document outlines the materials and mix proportions used, including varying the percentages of iron ore ash replacing cement and glass waste replacing fine aggregate. It presents the results of compressive strength, flexural strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests on the different mixes. The mix with 10% iron ore
IRJET- Study on Concrete Replaced with Crushed Concrete Fine AggregateIRJET Journal
This document studies the use of crushed concrete as a replacement for natural fine aggregate in concrete. Four mixes of M20 grade concrete were tested with fine aggregate replaced at 0% (control), 25%, 50%, and 100% with crushed concrete aggregate. Specimens were tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at ages of 1, 7, and 28 days. Test results found that early compressive strength was lower for mixes with replacement aggregate but 7-day and 28-day strengths increased compared to the control in some mixes. Mixes with 50% and 100% replacement showed increases in split tensile strength at 7 days. Flexural strength increased at 1 and 7 days for mixes with replacement aggregate
Study on Rheological & Mechanical Properties of SCM using Mineral Admixture a...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the rheological and mechanical properties of self-compacting mortar (SCM) using mineral admixtures as a partial replacement for cement. Ternary and quaternary SCM mixes were developed with different percentages of fly ash, metakaolin, and silica fume replacing cement. Fresh properties were evaluated using mini slump and mini V-funnel tests. Hardened properties of compressive and flexural strength were determined after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. The results showed that ternary mixes with 20% fly ash and 10% metakaolin (M1.2) and 10% metakaolin and 5% silica fume, as
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The document experimentally investigates the use of nano silica in pervious concrete. Pervious concrete allows water to pass through it, reducing runoff and increasing groundwater recharge compared to conventional concrete. The study found that pervious concrete with 3% nano silica had lower compressive strength than conventional concrete due to its porosity, but higher water absorption. While not suitable for high-traffic roads, pervious concrete could be used in applications requiring low strength like footpaths and parking areas. The document concludes that pervious concrete is an environmentally friendly option, though friction is higher than other pavement materials.
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on Performance of Coatings in RC Slab with...IRJET Journal
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Studies on the Effect of Bottom Ash on Ceramic Waste Aggregate ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of using bottom ash and ceramic waste as replacements for natural aggregates in concrete. Bottom ash, a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants, and ceramic waste were used to partially replace fine and coarse aggregates. Various replacement percentages were tested. Tests were performed to determine the workability and compressive strength of the concrete mixtures at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that workability increased with higher replacement levels, as the bottom ash and ceramic waste are more angular and rough than natural aggregates. Compressive strength was also affected by the replacement levels. The study aims to promote the use of these waste materials in concrete to reduce environmental impacts while creating more sustainable concrete.
Experimental Investigations on Building Demolition Waste Using as a Fine Aggr...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates using building demolition waste as a fine aggregate in concrete. Concrete mixtures were created with 0-50% replacement of river sand fine aggregate with recycled fine aggregate from demolished structures. Tests found that concrete with 30% replacement had higher compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths compared to normal concrete. Above 30% replacement, strengths decreased, with compressive strength reduced by 20-40% at 50% replacement. Therefore, the optimal replacement was 30%, where recycled aggregate concrete performed comparably or better than traditional concrete. The study concludes recycled aggregates can provide an alternative source of fine aggregate when used at an appropriate replacement ratio.
IRJET- Reusability of Construction and Demolition Waste in BricksIRJET Journal
This study aimed to develop bricks using construction and demolition waste and compare them to conventional bricks. Various physical and mechanical tests were conducted on bricks made from both natural aggregates and recycled demolition waste aggregates. The results showed that bricks made with up to 30% replacement of coarse aggregates with demolition waste aggregates achieved comparable compressive strengths to conventional bricks. Recycled aggregate bricks obtained strengths of around 95%, 92%, and 87% of conventional bricks with 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement levels, respectively. The study concluded that reuse of demolition waste up to 30% replacement is feasible for producing bricks without significantly compromising strength. This can help reduce waste while providing an economic and environmentally friendly alternative material for brick production.
IRJET- Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete using Construction Demolishe...IRJET Journal
The document studies the effect of partially replacing fine aggregate with construction demolished waste in concrete on workability and compressive strength over 7 and 28 days. Tests found that concrete with 12% fine aggregate replacement showed marginally lower 28-day compressive strength than conventional concrete but still met strength requirements. The results indicate demolished waste has potential to be reused as a partial substitute for natural aggregates in concrete.
IRJET-Analysis on Mix Design of High Strength Concrete (M100)IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the mix design of high strength concrete with a compressive strength of 111.8 MPa. Five trials were conducted to determine the optimal mix proportions. Trial 5, with a water-binder ratio of 0.25 and a cement:sand:coarse aggregate ratio of 1:1.35:2.14, achieved the target strength when specimens were cured using accelerated steam curing. The mix included 1% polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticizer and 10% silica fume to reduce water content. Compressive strengths from Trial 5 specimens indicated an average 28-day strength of 111.8 MPa, meeting the design goal. The study demonstrated that high strength
Experimental Investigation To Prepared Mix Design of M25 And M20 Grade of Con...IRJET Journal
The document describes an experimental study that investigated developing concrete mix designs for M25 and M20 grade concrete using concrete rubble and admixtures. Tests were performed on the mixes to determine compliance with standards. For both grades, sieve analysis, workability via slump cone testing, density, water absorption, and compressive strength tests were conducted. The results showed the concrete mixes made with recycled concrete aggregates met Indian standards and performed equal to or better than standard mixes without recycled materials. The study concluded recycled concrete is a viable and advantageous option for construction from technical, environmental, and economic perspectives.
Study of Self Compacting Concrete by using Marginal Materials-Partial Replace...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on the use of marginal materials like rice husk ash and demolished waste to partially replace cement and coarse aggregate in self-compacting concrete. Rice husk ash is a pozzolanic material that can be used to replace cement up to around 10-40% without compromising concrete strength. Using rice husk ash and demolished waste can help reduce the environmental impact of construction waste while producing more sustainable and cost-effective concrete. The study involves testing different mix designs with varying replacement levels of cement with rice husk ash and coarse aggregate with demolished waste to evaluate the compressive strength and other properties of the resulting self-compacting concrete.
Study of Self Compacting Concrete by using Marginal Materials-Partial Replace...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on the use of marginal materials like rice husk ash and demolished waste to partially replace cement and coarse aggregate in self-compacting concrete. The study aims to evaluate the strength and properties of such concrete. It first provides background on self-compacting concrete and discusses literature on using rice husk ash in concrete. It then describes the materials used in the study including cement, fine and coarse aggregates, water, fly ash, and admixtures. Details are given on the mix design and the various tests conducted including slump flow, L-box, and V-funnel tests to evaluate the properties of self-compacting concrete.
IRJET- Crushed Plastic Waste in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the use of crushed plastic waste as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete. Several concrete mixes were prepared with 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement of coarse aggregate with crushed plastic waste. The workability and compressive and flexural strengths of the concrete mixes were tested and compared to a control concrete mix without plastic waste. The results showed that concrete with 10% plastic waste replacement achieved a compressive strength similar to the control mix. Compressive and flexural strengths decreased with higher levels of plastic waste replacement but remained acceptable. The study concluded that crushed plastic waste can partially replace coarse aggregate in concrete, particularly at a 10% replacement level, providing a potential use for plastic waste while maintaining good concrete
REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATES BY BUILDING DEMOLISHED WASTE FOR ESTABLISHING ...IRJET Journal
This study investigates using building demolished waste (BDW) as a partial replacement for fine aggregates in concrete. Cubes were cast with 0%, 25%, and 50% replacement of fine aggregates with BDW. Compressive strength was tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed a 37-52% lower strength at 25% replacement but only a 1-11% lower strength at 50% replacement compared to conventional concrete. The authors concluded that 50% replacement of fine aggregates with BDW is optimal and can reduce consumption of natural resources while contributing to sustainable construction.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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The document experimentally investigates using building demolition waste as a fine aggregate in concrete. Concrete mixtures were created with 0-50% replacement of river sand fine aggregate with recycled fine aggregate from demolished structures. Tests found that concrete with 30% replacement had higher compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths compared to normal concrete. Above 30% replacement, strengths decreased, with compressive strength reduced by 20-40% at 50% replacement. Therefore, the optimal replacement was 30%, where recycled aggregate concrete performed comparably or better than traditional concrete. The study concludes recycled aggregates can provide an alternative source of fine aggregate when used at an appropriate replacement ratio.
IRJET- Reusability of Construction and Demolition Waste in BricksIRJET Journal
This study aimed to develop bricks using construction and demolition waste and compare them to conventional bricks. Various physical and mechanical tests were conducted on bricks made from both natural aggregates and recycled demolition waste aggregates. The results showed that bricks made with up to 30% replacement of coarse aggregates with demolition waste aggregates achieved comparable compressive strengths to conventional bricks. Recycled aggregate bricks obtained strengths of around 95%, 92%, and 87% of conventional bricks with 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement levels, respectively. The study concluded that reuse of demolition waste up to 30% replacement is feasible for producing bricks without significantly compromising strength. This can help reduce waste while providing an economic and environmentally friendly alternative material for brick production.
IRJET- Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete using Construction Demolishe...IRJET Journal
The document studies the effect of partially replacing fine aggregate with construction demolished waste in concrete on workability and compressive strength over 7 and 28 days. Tests found that concrete with 12% fine aggregate replacement showed marginally lower 28-day compressive strength than conventional concrete but still met strength requirements. The results indicate demolished waste has potential to be reused as a partial substitute for natural aggregates in concrete.
IRJET-Analysis on Mix Design of High Strength Concrete (M100)IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the mix design of high strength concrete with a compressive strength of 111.8 MPa. Five trials were conducted to determine the optimal mix proportions. Trial 5, with a water-binder ratio of 0.25 and a cement:sand:coarse aggregate ratio of 1:1.35:2.14, achieved the target strength when specimens were cured using accelerated steam curing. The mix included 1% polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticizer and 10% silica fume to reduce water content. Compressive strengths from Trial 5 specimens indicated an average 28-day strength of 111.8 MPa, meeting the design goal. The study demonstrated that high strength
Experimental Investigation To Prepared Mix Design of M25 And M20 Grade of Con...IRJET Journal
The document describes an experimental study that investigated developing concrete mix designs for M25 and M20 grade concrete using concrete rubble and admixtures. Tests were performed on the mixes to determine compliance with standards. For both grades, sieve analysis, workability via slump cone testing, density, water absorption, and compressive strength tests were conducted. The results showed the concrete mixes made with recycled concrete aggregates met Indian standards and performed equal to or better than standard mixes without recycled materials. The study concluded recycled concrete is a viable and advantageous option for construction from technical, environmental, and economic perspectives.
Study of Self Compacting Concrete by using Marginal Materials-Partial Replace...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on the use of marginal materials like rice husk ash and demolished waste to partially replace cement and coarse aggregate in self-compacting concrete. Rice husk ash is a pozzolanic material that can be used to replace cement up to around 10-40% without compromising concrete strength. Using rice husk ash and demolished waste can help reduce the environmental impact of construction waste while producing more sustainable and cost-effective concrete. The study involves testing different mix designs with varying replacement levels of cement with rice husk ash and coarse aggregate with demolished waste to evaluate the compressive strength and other properties of the resulting self-compacting concrete.
Study of Self Compacting Concrete by using Marginal Materials-Partial Replace...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on the use of marginal materials like rice husk ash and demolished waste to partially replace cement and coarse aggregate in self-compacting concrete. The study aims to evaluate the strength and properties of such concrete. It first provides background on self-compacting concrete and discusses literature on using rice husk ash in concrete. It then describes the materials used in the study including cement, fine and coarse aggregates, water, fly ash, and admixtures. Details are given on the mix design and the various tests conducted including slump flow, L-box, and V-funnel tests to evaluate the properties of self-compacting concrete.
IRJET- Crushed Plastic Waste in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the use of crushed plastic waste as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete. Several concrete mixes were prepared with 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement of coarse aggregate with crushed plastic waste. The workability and compressive and flexural strengths of the concrete mixes were tested and compared to a control concrete mix without plastic waste. The results showed that concrete with 10% plastic waste replacement achieved a compressive strength similar to the control mix. Compressive and flexural strengths decreased with higher levels of plastic waste replacement but remained acceptable. The study concluded that crushed plastic waste can partially replace coarse aggregate in concrete, particularly at a 10% replacement level, providing a potential use for plastic waste while maintaining good concrete
REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATES BY BUILDING DEMOLISHED WASTE FOR ESTABLISHING ...IRJET Journal
This study investigates using building demolished waste (BDW) as a partial replacement for fine aggregates in concrete. Cubes were cast with 0%, 25%, and 50% replacement of fine aggregates with BDW. Compressive strength was tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed a 37-52% lower strength at 25% replacement but only a 1-11% lower strength at 50% replacement compared to conventional concrete. The authors concluded that 50% replacement of fine aggregates with BDW is optimal and can reduce consumption of natural resources while contributing to sustainable construction.
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.