ITVoyagers has created this presentation which gives basic information on following topics. 1. FPGA 2. GPU 3. ALU This presentation is created is such a way that it will help students with there last movement studies for exam.

1. FPGA, GPU and ALU
AUTHOR : ITVoyagers
Website : itvoyagers.in

2. Content
 FPGA
o Features
o Structure
o Example
 GPU
o Features
o Why we need GPU?
o 3D transformation matrix
 ALU
o Description
o Structure
o Example
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3. FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)
 Microcontroller executes instructions in serial method, its speed is depend on how fast it
can execute instructions.
 In FPGA was introduce to execute instruction in parallel mode.
 FPGA was developed for customer to program after they bought it.
 HDL ( Hardware Description Language ) or Verilog is use to program FPGA.
 FPGA requires external RAM, ROM and storage.
 FPGA is more flexible.
 FPGA is less complex than microcontroller.
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4. FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)
 Unlike CPU processing FPGA implementation is based on hardware.
 It is much faster then microcontroller.
 It is not good to perform operations like floating points, etc.
 Testing and Debugging is difficult in FPGA.
 Real-Time processing can be done using FPGA.
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5. FPGA Structure
 It has following components.
 Programmable Logical Block
 I/O ports
 Switch Matrix
 Programmable Interconnect
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Switch
Matrix
I/O
port
Programmable
Logical
Block
Programmable
Interconnect
Diagram 1.0

6. FPGA Example
 FPGA can run to separate tasks in real
time.
 We can program some logical unites of
FPGA to perform one task and some
others to perform other task, as shown in
diagram 1.1.
 This feature allows FPGA to run many tasks
in parallel.
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Switch
LED
Switch
Motor
Diagram 1.1

7. GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)
 As the name GPU was developed to process heavy graphical data.
 E.g. game rendering, 3D modelling, VFX, image processing, etc.
 It supports pipeline.
 GPU has more ALU.
 CPU has multicores whereas GPU is consist of thousands of cores.
 GPU has thousands of small and efficient cores which helps it in parallel processing, GPU is
design for specific calculation.
 Unlike CPU, GPU focused on parallel processing.
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8. CPU v/s GPU
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DRAM DRAM
Cache
Control
ALU
ALU
ALU
ALU
CPU GPU

9. Why we need GPU?
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 In olden days when low end graphics were used in Gaming,
VFX, etc. there were no issues for CPU to process them.
 When high end graphics were developed that time there was
a need to perform graphical operation in efficient way which
was fulfil by GPU and its parallel processing.
 Example in gaming each character is made of small triangle
or triangle planes.
 Where all vertices of triangle or rectangle are located using
there co-ordinates those are X, Y and Z. These plane’s colour
rendering also has an impacts on processing.
Credits : www.3drender.com

10. Why we need GPU?
 Now we know that character is game moves from one place
to another, it rotates, it can grow in size or shrink down and it
can also change it colour and texture.
 For all of the above transformations we need to perform
matrix calculations.
 We are talking about matrix calculation on each vertex of
that character.
 CPU can perform all the operations but with low end graphics,
but when it comes to high end graphics CPU and its serial
processing fails. Here is when GPU enters is scene with its
parallel processing.
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.(x, y, z)
X
Y
Z

11. 3D Transformation Matrix
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Translation Matrix Scaling Matrix Rotation Matrix
Credits : www.brainvoyager.com

12. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
 As the name says ALU is use to perform arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer data.
 Unlike FPGA it can perform operations on floating points.
 ALU is made of Combinational Digital Electronics circuit.
 Logic gates like NOT, AND, OR and XOR are used to create these circuit.
 ALU is fundamental building block of systems.
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13. ALU Structure
 It accepts operand from register.
 It gets the opcode to perform operation.
 After the operation it stores the result in
result register.
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Integer
Operand
Integer
Operand
Opcode
Status Status
Result
ALU

14. The combinational logic circuitry of the 74181 integrated
circuit, which is a simple four-bit ALU
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Credits : Wikipedia

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