Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are programmable logic devices that enable configurations outside of the manufacturing process and consist of interconnected logic blocks and input/output pins. They are versatile and deployed in various applications such as digital signal processing, video processing, and telecommunications, but have drawbacks like complexity and higher costs. FPGAs require programming via hardware description languages and are validated through extensive testing and simulation processes.

1. Field Programmable Gate Array
(FPGA)
SYED HASAN SAEED
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4/18/2019 1
Syed Hasan Saeed, Integral University,
Lucknow

2. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA):
• FPGA is cluster of logic blocks which can be arranged by the
clients.
• The term ‘field programmable’ here implies that the device is
programmable outside the factory where it is fabricated.
• FPGA consists of I/O pins.
• Every one of I/O block gives independently selectable input, output
or bidirectional access to one of the general-purpose I/O pins on
the FPGA package.
• All logic gates are connected with each other by conducting
material known as channel.
• FPGA have 84 to 256 pins.
• With FPGA it is possible to integrate arithmetic and logic circuits,
controllers etc on the same device.
4/18/2019
Syed Hasan Saeed, Integral University,
Lucknow
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3. • A field Programmable Gate Array is a programmable logic device
(PLD) with higher logic densities and capable of implementing
different functions in a short period of time.
• In FPGA, the programmed configuration is usually volatile and
therefore needs to be reloaded whenever is applied or a different
functionality is required.
APPLICATIONS:
• FPGA is used for Digital Signal Processing (DSP).
• There are various applications of FPGA like video & image
processing, data processing and storage, speech recognition,
Bioinformatics, instrumentation and telecommunications, high end
RADAs etc.
4/18/2019
Syed Hasan Saeed, Integral University,
Lucknow
3

4. FPGA Design and Programming:
• To defined the behavior of FPGA the user provides a hardware
description language (HDL) or a schematic design.
• Then, using electronic automation tool.
• Technology mapped net list is generated.
• The net list can then be fitted to the actual FPGA architecture using
a process called place and route.
• The user will validate the map, place and route result via timing
analysis, simulation and other verification methodologies.
• Once the design and validation process is complete, the binary file
generated used to configure the FPGA.
• FPGA architecture is shown in fig. 1
4/18/2019
Syed Hasan Saeed, Integral University,
Lucknow
4

5. ADVANTAGES:
• FPGA is fast.
• FPGA is suitable for microprocessor.
• It is suitable for parallel data processing.
• Real time applications.
• Synthesis of FPGA is easier than ASCI.FPGA are suitable choice
for DSP or microcontrollers.
DISADVANTAGES:
• FPGA is slightly costly.
• It’s program is not easier.
• FPGA are generally slower than ASIC.
• FPGA can’t handle complex design.
• It draws more power.
4/18/2019
Syed Hasan Saeed, Integral University,
Lucknow
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6. 4/18/2019
Syed Hasan Saeed, Integral University,
Lucknow
6
I/O
Blocks
Logic
Blocks
Programmable
Interconnected
FPGA architecture
Fig. 1