Above slide explains Microprocessor and Microcontroller in simple terms. We have cover following points. Microcontroller Architecture Size Memory Interfaces Microprocessor Architecture Size Memory Interfaces Microprocessor VS Microcontroller .................................................. Hope you like it. ITVoyagers is trying to explain all concepts of IT/CS in simple terms.

1. Microprocessor and
Microcontroller
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2. Content
 Microcontroller
 Architecture
 Size
 Memory
 Interfaces
 Microprocessor
 Architecture
 Size
 Memory
 Interfaces
 Microprocessor VS Microcontroller
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3. Microcontroller
 Intel develops its first microcontroller in 1971 named 4004.
 It is small system on single integrated circuit also known as IC developed
for performing specific task.
 Microcontroller used in application specific system for example washing
machine, oven, refrigerator, etc.
 Example – 8051, 8085, Arduino, Raspberry pi, etc.
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4. Microcontroller Architecture
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CPU
ROM
RAM
ALU
DSP
Timer
Flash
Chip

5. Microcontroller
 Microcontroller can be off
 4 bit example 720
 8 bit example 8051
 16 bit example M16C
 32 bit example RH850
 On basis of memory there are two categories of microcontroller
 External memory microcontroller
 Embedded memory microcontroller
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6. Microcontroller
 In external memory microcontroller as the name suggest the program
memory is not on the chip with other peripherals, but it is has external
program memory connected to CPU.
 In embedded memory microcontroller program memory is embedded
with other peripherals on the chip
 In microcontroller both instruction set(RISC & CISC) can be used.
 In simple terms microcontroller is chip on which peripherals like RAM, ROM,
ALU, DSP, etc. are embedded with CPU and which is used develop
application specific systems e.g. washing machine, oven, refrigerator, etc.
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7. Microcontroller
 Microcontroller clock speed ranges from 1MHz to 300 MHz
 RAM where is from 2kb to 256 KB
 It has three types of peripheral interfaces
 SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
 I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)
 UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)
 Flash memory from 32 KB to 2 MB
 It's cheap.
 Low power consumption.
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8. Microprocessor
 Unlike microcontroller other peripheral are not on a single chip with CPU
rather they are connected to CPU externally.
 Microprocessor has ALU, Register and Control unit in it.
 Microprocessor are of 32 bits and 64bits.
 Microprocessor are used in general purpose system example are laptop
and personal computers.
 General Applications like Gaming, Graphics, Browsing, etc.
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9. Microprocessor
 ALU
 Arithmetical Logical Unit is use to perform arithmetical and logical operations.
 Operation are performed on the input data or data in memory.
 Register
 Registers are use to store those values which will be use more frequently to
speed up the process.
 Register are named with alphabets B, C, D, E, H, L it also has accumulator.
 Control Unit
 It control the flow of instructions and data.
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10. Microprocessor
 RAM size vary from 512MB – 32GB
 Storage vary from 128GB – 2TB
 Clock Speed vary from 1GHz – 8GHz
 Interface
 USB
 UART
 Ethernet
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11. Microprocessor Architecture
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CPU
ROM
RAM
Serial
Interface
Secondary
Storage
I/O
Ports
Timer

12. Microprocessor Block Diagram
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MicroprocessorInput Output
Memory

13. Microprocessor VS Microcontroller
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Parameters Microprocessor Microcontroller
Type General purpose Application specifics
RAM 512MB - 32GB 2kb to 256 KB
Clock Speed 1GHz – 8GHz 1MHz – 300MHz
Interface UART, USB, Ethernet SPI, I2C, UART
Cost High Low
Power
Consumption
High Low
Memory Secondary Memory (128GB – 2TB) Flash Memory (32KB – 2MB)

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