Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns to make their meanings more clear or exact, while adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. The key difference is that adjectives modify nouns and pronouns, while adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Examples are provided to illustrate adjectives describing nouns like "classical music" and adverbs describing verbs like "sing softly." Care must be taken to use adjectives and adverbs correctly in sentences.

1. FOUNDATIONS OF
GRAMMAR
Podcast 13: What is the difference between
adjectives and adverbs?

2. What is the difference between
adjectives and adverbs?
Adjectives are words which describe nouns and pronouns
to make the meanings of sentences clearer or more exact.
Adverbs are words which describe verbs, adjectives, and
other adverbs.
CLUE: You can therefore tell whether a word is an adjective or adverb by
looking at the word it modifies. This is very important in languages whose
adverbs are invariable but whose adjectives need to agree in gender and
number with the nouns/pronouns they modify.

3. Adjectives with nouns
He likes classical music.
(The adjective “classical” describes the noun “music”)
They had an excellent idea.
(The adjective “excellent” describes the noun “idea”)
Both of them are good students.
(The adjective “good” describes the noun “students”)

4. Adjectives with pronouns
She is very intelligent.
(The adjective “intelligent” describes the pronoun “she”)
That’s wrong.
(The adjective “wrong” describes the pronoun “that”)
They are old.
(The adjective “old” describe the pronoun “they”)

5. Adjectives
In many cases we may use more than one adjective in a sentence to
describe one or more nouns. E.g.:
She wrote an impressive essay on national identity.
(The adjective “impressive” describes the noun essay and the adjective
“national” describes the noun identity).
The room was small but clean and tidy.
(In this sentence three adjectives: “small”, “clean”, “tidy” describe the
noun “room”.

6. Adverbs with verbs
He sang softly.
(The adverb “softly” describes the verb “sang”)
They live together.
(The adverb “together” describes the verb “live”)
They moved slowly towards the exit.
(The adverb “slowly” describes the verb “moved”)

7. Adverbs with adjectives
She is very intelligent.
(The adverb “very” describes the adjective “intelligent”)
You are quite right.
(The adverb “quite” describes the adjective “right”
The students were extremely happy with their results.
(The adverb “extremely” describe the adjective “happy”)

8. Adverbs with adverbs
That student nearly always comes to his class late.
(The adverb “nearly” describes the adverb “always”)
Your argument is really rather simple.
(The adverb “really” describes the adverb “rather”)
He has to leave very soon.
(The adverb “very” describes the adverb “soon”)

9. What is the difference between
adjectives and adverbs?
Be vigilant: in English, adjectives and adverbs are increasingly used
incorrectly. E.g.:
He drove real fast.
In this example, “real” functions as an adverb (describing the adjective
“fast”) and should therefore be “really”. He drove really fast.
She speaks really slow.
In this example, “slow” functions as an adverb (describing the verb
“speak”) and should therefore be “slowly”. She speaks really slowly.

10. Thank You
Example presentation title Page 10