Foundations of Grammar 17: What are active and passive constructions?
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The document discusses active and passive constructions in grammar. In an active construction, the subject performs the action of the verb. In a passive construction, the subject has the action performed on it by an agent introduced by "by". Only sentences with a direct object can be changed to the passive voice. The passive is formed using a form of "to be" plus the past participle of the main verb, optionally followed by "by" and the agent. Examples are given for the present, past, and future in both active and passive constructions.
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Foundations of Grammar 17: What are active and passive constructions?
- 1. FOUNDATIONS OF GRAMMAR Podcast 17: What are active and passive constructions?
- 2. What are active and passive constructions? Active constructions: in an active construction (the active voice), the action of the verb is performed by the subject e.g.: The lecturer wrote the exam The action of the verb (writing) is performed by the subject (the lecturer)
- 3. What are active and passive constructions? Passive constructions: in a passive construction (the passive voice), the action of the verb is received by the subject. That is, the subject has the verb’s action performed upon it. e.g.: The exam was written by the lecturer The action of the verb (writing) is being performed on the subject (the exam) In the passive construction, “by” introduces the agent (the performer of the action). In the above example, “the lecturer” is the agent NB: Only sentences with a direct object can be changed to the passive voice
- 4. What are active and passive constructions? Passive constructions continued: in English, a passive construction is formed using appropriate form of the verb to be + past participle of the main verb (+ by + the agent) PRESENT Active: Every year, my brother bakes my birthday cake Passive: Every year, my birthday cake is baked by my brother PAST Active: My brother baked my birthday cake Passive: My birthday cake was baked by my brother FUTURE Active: My brother will bake my birthday cake Passive: My birthday cake will be baked by my brother
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