This document defines and discusses several key concepts in semantics, the study of meaning in language. It defines semantics as the linguistic and philosophical study of meaning in language, programming languages, and semiotics. It then provides definitions and examples of several semantic relations including synonymy, antonymy, polysemy, hyponymy, metonymy, and homophony/homonymy.

3. Semantics (from Ancient Greek:
sēmantikos, "significant") is the
linguistic and philosophical study of
meaning, in language, programming
languages, formal logics, and
semiotics. ... In international
scientific vocabulary semantics is
also called Semasiology.

4. Other definitions
of semantics
I. Semantics is the study of meaning in
language. It can be applied to entire texts
or to single words.

5. Here we have a video to
understand sense relations:

6. Synonymy

7. Antonymy is the state or phenomenon in which the
words have the sense relation which involve the
The concrete form of antonymy is called “antonym”.
For example:
“Shallow” is the opposite of “deep”.
The word pairs of antonym can be divided into
several types:
I. Implicitly gradable pairs (graded antonym)
II. Complementary pairs (complementarities)
III. Relational pairs (coverseness)

8. Polysemy is the state or phenomenon in
which the words that have more than
one meaning. In other words , it can be
described as multiple meanings of words.
The concrete form of polysemy is called
“polyseme”.
Simple
With nothing added
Plain

9. Hyponymy
Hyponymy is the state or phenomenon that
shows the relationship between more general
term (lexical representation) and the more
specific instances of it.
The concrete form of sets of word is called
“hyponyms”.
Example :
The lexical representation of:
red, yellow,
green, blue is {color}
• Red is the hyponym of color.

10. continue

11. Metonymy
A metonym substitutes for the object that is
meant the name of an attribute or concept
associated with the object.
Example :
Gray hair old age

12. Homophones and Homonyms
When two words pronounced in same way but
their written form is different , the concept is
known as homonymy.
While the written form and pronunciation both
are same then it will be homophones.
Example:
Tail , Tale homonyms
bear, bear homophones