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FOUNDATIONS OF
GRAMMAR
Podcast 7: What is a pronoun?
What is a pronoun?
Pronouns can be used in place of nouns to reduce repetition and
clumsiness.

Lucia left her keys in the car so Lucia had to ask a friend to bring
Lucia a spare key.

Lucia left her keys in the car so she had to ask a friend to bring her a
spare key.




                                                                       Page 2
What is a pronoun?
Pronouns can be also be used in place of other pronouns for the
same purpose.

She and I went to the cinema then she and I had a meal.

She and I went to the cinema then we had a meal.




                                                                  Page 3
What is a pronoun?
The word(s) that the pronoun replaces is called the antecedent.

Lucia left her keys in the car so she had to call a friend to bring her a
spare key.

She and I went to the cinema then we had a meal.




                                                                      Page 4
What is a pronoun?
TYPES OF PRONOUNS

Personal pronouns
All personal pronouns refer to a specific noun.

Subjective: I, you, he, she, it, we, you [plural], they
I love my dog.

Objective: me, you, him, her, it, us, you [plural], them
I feed him, give him lots of attention and play with him every day.

Disjunctive: me, you, him, her, it, us, you [plural], them
Who’s my best friend? Him.


                                                                      Page 5
What is a pronoun?
TYPES OF PRONOUNS


Reflexive pronouns
Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause.

myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves,
themselves, each other

Reflexive: She cut herself.
Emphatic: I did it myself.
Reciprocal: They’ve always loved each other.




                                                                     Page 6
What is a pronoun?
TYPES OF PRONOUNS

Possessive pronouns
Possessive pronouns are used to indicate possession.

mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours [plural], theirs

Whose book is that? Mine. Yours is on the table.




                                                            Page 7
What is a pronoun?
TYPES OF PRONOUNS

Indefinite pronouns
Indefinite pronouns refer to an unspecified noun.


anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone,
everybody, any, none, some, others…


Everyone came back to my place for a drink.
Some like it hot.




                                                          Page 8
What is a pronoun?
TYPES OF PRONOUNS


Relative pronouns
Relative pronouns are used to introduce a relative subordinate clause and
to connect that clause to the rest of the sentence.

who, whoever (whom, whomever), whose, that, which, whichever,

The boy who stole my bike was caught by the police.
The boy who the police caught goes to my school.
The boy who I go to school with (with whom I go to school) is in trouble.

The book (that) I want is unavailable.



                                                                     Page 9
What is a pronoun?
TYPES OF PRONOUNS

Interrogative pronouns
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. Often they do not have
an antecedent.

who, whoever (whom, whomever), whose, which, whichever, what,
whatever

Who are you looking for?
What on earth made you do that?




                                                                   Page 10
What is a pronoun?
TYPES OF PRONOUNS


Demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out a specific noun or pronoun.

this (one), that (one), these (ones), those (ones), the one, the ones

This is ridiculous!
Which puppy do you want? That one. The one in the corner.




                                                                  Page 11
Thank You




            Example presentation title   Page 12

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Foundations of Grammar 7: What is a pronoun?

  • 2. What is a pronoun? Pronouns can be used in place of nouns to reduce repetition and clumsiness. Lucia left her keys in the car so Lucia had to ask a friend to bring Lucia a spare key. Lucia left her keys in the car so she had to ask a friend to bring her a spare key. Page 2
  • 3. What is a pronoun? Pronouns can be also be used in place of other pronouns for the same purpose. She and I went to the cinema then she and I had a meal. She and I went to the cinema then we had a meal. Page 3
  • 4. What is a pronoun? The word(s) that the pronoun replaces is called the antecedent. Lucia left her keys in the car so she had to call a friend to bring her a spare key. She and I went to the cinema then we had a meal. Page 4
  • 5. What is a pronoun? TYPES OF PRONOUNS Personal pronouns All personal pronouns refer to a specific noun. Subjective: I, you, he, she, it, we, you [plural], they I love my dog. Objective: me, you, him, her, it, us, you [plural], them I feed him, give him lots of attention and play with him every day. Disjunctive: me, you, him, her, it, us, you [plural], them Who’s my best friend? Him. Page 5
  • 6. What is a pronoun? TYPES OF PRONOUNS Reflexive pronouns Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, each other Reflexive: She cut herself. Emphatic: I did it myself. Reciprocal: They’ve always loved each other. Page 6
  • 7. What is a pronoun? TYPES OF PRONOUNS Possessive pronouns Possessive pronouns are used to indicate possession. mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours [plural], theirs Whose book is that? Mine. Yours is on the table. Page 7
  • 8. What is a pronoun? TYPES OF PRONOUNS Indefinite pronouns Indefinite pronouns refer to an unspecified noun. anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, any, none, some, others… Everyone came back to my place for a drink. Some like it hot. Page 8
  • 9. What is a pronoun? TYPES OF PRONOUNS Relative pronouns Relative pronouns are used to introduce a relative subordinate clause and to connect that clause to the rest of the sentence. who, whoever (whom, whomever), whose, that, which, whichever, The boy who stole my bike was caught by the police. The boy who the police caught goes to my school. The boy who I go to school with (with whom I go to school) is in trouble. The book (that) I want is unavailable. Page 9
  • 10. What is a pronoun? TYPES OF PRONOUNS Interrogative pronouns Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. Often they do not have an antecedent. who, whoever (whom, whomever), whose, which, whichever, what, whatever Who are you looking for? What on earth made you do that? Page 10
  • 11. What is a pronoun? TYPES OF PRONOUNS Demonstrative pronouns Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out a specific noun or pronoun. this (one), that (one), these (ones), those (ones), the one, the ones This is ridiculous! Which puppy do you want? That one. The one in the corner. Page 11
  • 12. Thank You Example presentation title Page 12

Editor's Notes

  1. Example title for notes and handouts 19 December 2012 Example footer for notes and handouts This is the Presentation Title page. Type over the existing content to add your title and subtitle. This page uses the slide master for the Heading page. It is recommended that you always include the date of your presentation in the subtitle.
  2. Example title for notes and handouts 19 December 2012 Example footer for notes and handouts This slide uses the Title and text slide layout. Add a title by clicking on the title box Add information into the bulleted list area by typing the text, and pressing RETURN to create new bullets. The look of the bullets and the text is defined by the design template. To indent your bullet points press the <tab> key. To change the footer information Select View / Header and Footer and change the “Example presentation title” information.
  3. Example title for notes and handouts 19 December 2012 Example footer for notes and handouts This slide uses the Title and text slide layout. Add a title by clicking on the title box Add information into the bulleted list area by typing the text, and pressing RETURN to create new bullets. The look of the bullets and the text is defined by the design template. To indent your bullet points press the <tab> key. To change the footer information Select View / Header and Footer and change the “Example presentation title” information.
  4. Example title for notes and handouts 19 December 2012 Example footer for notes and handouts This slide uses the Title and text slide layout. Add a title by clicking on the title box Add information into the bulleted list area by typing the text, and pressing RETURN to create new bullets. The look of the bullets and the text is defined by the design template. To indent your bullet points press the <tab> key. To change the footer information Select View / Header and Footer and change the “Example presentation title” information.
  5. Example title for notes and handouts 19 December 2012 Example footer for notes and handouts This is the “back slide” in your presentation to show that you have completed your presentation.