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CHAPTER 4 : CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL
• Elements : C, H, O, S, N & P.
• Large & complex molecules
• Monomer : amino acid
      • Molecules of amino acids are joined
        together through condensation
      • Amino acids are joined together by peptide
        bond
      • Amino acid + amino acid  dipeptide +
        water
  – Polypeptides are formed when many
    molecules of amino acids are joined together
    to form long chains of a.a.
     • Polypeptides broken down through a series of
       hydrolysis reactions to become dipeptides & finally
       amino acids.
• 20 amino acids found in the proteins
  of living cells
• Two types of a.a. :
     • Essential amino acids : cannot synthesised
       by body cells
     • Non-essential amino acids : can be
       synthesised by body cells
• Food that contain all the essential
  a.a. are called 1st class protein. (milk,
  meat, eggs)
• Food that lacks a few essential a.a.
  are 2nd class protein. (corn)
P r o t e in S t r u c t u r e s
  • Primary structure : a long straight
    chain of polypeptide
  • Secondary structure : coiled to form
    helix or pleated sheet.
  • Tertiary structure : helix or pleated
    sheet is folded in various ways to
    form globular protein
  • Quarternary structure : folded
    protein chains are joined together to
    form a single protein
form 4 biology chap 4 pt3
form 4 biology chap 4 pt3

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form 4 biology chap 4 pt3

  • 1. CHAPTER 4 : CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL
  • 2. • Elements : C, H, O, S, N & P. • Large & complex molecules • Monomer : amino acid • Molecules of amino acids are joined together through condensation • Amino acids are joined together by peptide bond • Amino acid + amino acid  dipeptide + water – Polypeptides are formed when many molecules of amino acids are joined together to form long chains of a.a. • Polypeptides broken down through a series of hydrolysis reactions to become dipeptides & finally amino acids.
  • 3. • 20 amino acids found in the proteins of living cells • Two types of a.a. : • Essential amino acids : cannot synthesised by body cells • Non-essential amino acids : can be synthesised by body cells • Food that contain all the essential a.a. are called 1st class protein. (milk, meat, eggs) • Food that lacks a few essential a.a. are 2nd class protein. (corn)
  • 4. P r o t e in S t r u c t u r e s • Primary structure : a long straight chain of polypeptide • Secondary structure : coiled to form helix or pleated sheet. • Tertiary structure : helix or pleated sheet is folded in various ways to form globular protein • Quarternary structure : folded protein chains are joined together to form a single protein