There is little integration of agriculture and biodiversity conservation priorities in Forest-Agriculture landscapes.

1. Samson Foli
Terry Sunderland
James Reed
Jessica Clendenning
Jake Snaddon
Gillian Petrokofsky
Forests sustaining agriculture
A systematic review of multi-functional landscapes for food security and
biodiversity conservation

2. Objectives of this discussion
 To gain insight and feedback on relevance of our
research project.
 To explore and help merge potential research
topics that will contribute to the core research
question
 To define main research question in plenary with
contribution from important stakeholders and
explore potential collaboration

3. Multi-functional Landscapes
(Sayer et al. 2013)
“Areas that have the potential to
provide material and immaterial good
to satisfy social needs”
Barkmann et al. 2004
Forest-Agricultural Landscapes provide
food, fibre and fuel through ecosystem
services provisioning
Agricultural systems within the
landscapes impact ecosystem services
and biodiversity
Perfecto et al 2009

4. Problem statement
There is little integration of agriculture and biodiversity
conservation priorities in Forest-Agriculture landscapes. Partly
due to limited knowledge on the socio-ecological flows of
services and values that support sustainable agriculture and
conservation of ecosystem services in the landscape.
Objectives
Establishing the evidence base on multifunctional landscapes for
food and biodiversity conservation demands. Identify, appraise
and synthesize the existing research on the importance of
ecosystem services and dis-services on food production, the
impacts of agriculture on biodiversity and models of landscapes
that combine different human demands without comprising
forest ecosystems.

5. Justification
 The need for better understanding of landscape approaches
for food security, biodiversity conservation and sustainability
of ecosystem services.
 Prioritise research to contribute to evidence based policy
making on forestry and food security.
 Undertake further data collection to answer important
questions (derived from results of this systematic review)
and contribute to filling knowledge gaps.

6. Landscape components of interest
Population Intervention Comparators Outcomes
Agricultural
landscapes in
the proximity of
tree cover
Data collection and
analysis on ecosystem
services, biodiversity
and agricultural
production in forest-
agriculture landscapes
and the interactions
between them
Crop production,
biodiversity
(conservation/degra
dation), food
security indicators
within and outside
proximity to tree
cover
The analysed impact
(quantitative/qualitati
ve) of biodiversity,
ecosystem function,
food security on
identified
Comparators

7. Scoping study
Main terms
• Forest-agriculture landscapes
• Agroforestry systems
• Farming/cropping systems
Exposure terms
 Ecosystem services and dis-services
Outcome terms
 Crop productivity
 Resource use efficiency (RUE)
 Biodiversity conservation/degradation
OR/AND
OR/AND

8. 1070
192
39
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
ES in general ES in Agriculture Measured
Numberofstudies Scoping study
Scopus search
30% on
pollination
services alone

9. Research topics for discussion

10. Topic 1
Multi-functional landscapes for food and
biodiversity conservation
 What is the contribution of ecosystem services in multi-
functional landscapes to agriculture and food security?
 How do different agricultural production systems in forest-
agricultural landscapes benefit from and affect biodiversity
to varying extents?
 Are smallholder production systems enhanced by proximity
to trees and forests and what is the impact of these systems
on forest biodiversity and sustainability of ecosystems
services provisioning?

11. Topic 2
Ecosystem services and dis-services in
forest-agriculture landscapes.
 What are the ecosystem services and dis-services in forest-
agriculture landscapes how do they contribution to
agriculture and food security?
 What are the inter-linkages between ecosystems services
and dis-service, agricultural systems and biodiversity and
how do these interact in forest-agriculture landscapes?

12. Discussion

13. Thank you

14. Review timeline…
 Gauging relevance of systematic review in expert
discussion  30th September 2013
 Complete draft protocol  early November 2013
 1st stakeholder meeting  late November 2013
 Submit draft protocol  early December 2013

15. Linking Ecosystem Services and Food
Security
(Richardson et al. 2010)
 Wild pollinators enhance flowering and fruit set (Garibaldi et
al. 2013)
 Buffering of extreme weather conditions to allow for
cultivation (Tougiani et al. 2009)
 Nitrogen fixation by trees substitute for purchased inputs
and better soil fertility (Sendzimir et al. 2011)
 Nutrient cycling between tree-fallow-crop ecosystems (Power
2010)
 Water regulation and conservation for crop uptake in dry
season (Jose 2009)