To achieve the goal of restoration/ rehabilitation in landscapes, it is crucial to articulate:
What we want to achieve, what processes are in it, what resources are required.
How we want to do it
Who should be engaged
Why we do it
Odds and ends of rehabilitating (restoring) degraded landscapesCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Lalisa A. Duguma at "Odds and ends for restoring landscapes through agroforestry" Discussion Forum on the first day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
Role of primary forests for climate change mitigationCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Haruni Krisnawati of the Forest Research and Development Center Research Development and Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 21-22 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
CIFOR/ICRAF sloping lands in transition (SLANT) projectCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation informs viewers about the CIFOR SLANT project including its objectives and goal, current activities and the structure of the partnership.
What is the role of forests in the mitigation of climate change?Glen Peters
I was in a debate panel on forests in a climate context organised by Friends of the Earth Norway. In my presentation I focus on the big picture. https://naturvernforbundet.no/noa/aktiviteter-terminliste/hvordan-bruke-skogen-i-klimasammenheng-article38335-2163.html
Odds and ends of rehabilitating (restoring) degraded landscapesCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Lalisa A. Duguma at "Odds and ends for restoring landscapes through agroforestry" Discussion Forum on the first day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
Role of primary forests for climate change mitigationCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Haruni Krisnawati of the Forest Research and Development Center Research Development and Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 21-22 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
CIFOR/ICRAF sloping lands in transition (SLANT) projectCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation informs viewers about the CIFOR SLANT project including its objectives and goal, current activities and the structure of the partnership.
What is the role of forests in the mitigation of climate change?Glen Peters
I was in a debate panel on forests in a climate context organised by Friends of the Earth Norway. In my presentation I focus on the big picture. https://naturvernforbundet.no/noa/aktiviteter-terminliste/hvordan-bruke-skogen-i-klimasammenheng-article38335-2163.html
Restoration of the World's Degraded Forest LandscapesSIANI
This study was presented during the conference “Production and Carbon Dynamics in Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Systems in Africa” held in September, 2010.
Restoration of degraded forests and landscapes for production/delivery of mul...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Himlal Baral of the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 23–25 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Social-ecological resilience indicators: a participatory tool for measuring ...Bioversity International
Socio-ecological indicators can help communities develop strategies to improve the resilience of their landscapes. Read more about wha these indicators are achieving: http://bit.ly/1n9Abby
Agrarian change in tropical forests: A change for the better?CIFOR-ICRAF
A presentation by Terry Sunderland and team on 3 December 2016 at the second annual meeting of the FLARE (Forests and Livelihoods: Assessment, Research, and Engagement) network, Edinburgh.
Growing energy and restoring land: Potentials of bioenergy production from de...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Himlal Baral of the Center for International Forestry Research at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 23–25 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Climate change and forests: Synergy between mitigation and adaptationCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Heti Herawati of the Center for International Forestry Research at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 23–25 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Forest and tree ecosystem services for adaptation: six storiesCIFOR-ICRAF
Ecosystems such as forests produce services that could have a significant role in reducing human vulnerability to climate variability and change. Using case studies from around the world, this presentation explores six different ways that forests and trees serve in helping humans to adapt.
This presentation was given on 7 September 2012 at the IUCN World Conservation Congress in Jeju, South Korea, during a session titled 'Building resilience to climate change through ecosystem-based adaptation'. It was also presented on 15 June 2012 at ‘Ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation: from concept to action’, an event held during Rio+20.
: Keynote speech (via skype) by Prof. Han van Dijk, forest engineer and anthropologist with 25 years of experience in Africa – fragile and conflict states and natural resource management, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. “I think the five key future challenges for the Sustainable Forest governance (SFM) are mitigation of climate change through forests and trees; knowledge base; reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) and forest tenure reform; gender equity; and multiple uses of forests” said van Dijk.
Adaptation of forest management to climate change in the Asia Pacific RegionCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was delivered at the third Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2016, in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines.
The five sub-thematic streams at APFW 2016 included:
Pathways to prosperity: Future trade and markets
Tackling climate change: challenges and opportunities
Serving society: forestry and people
New institutions, new governance
Our green future: green investment and growing our natural assets
Climate change mitigation action planning and implementation cannot be carried on by local government only. Involvement of local stakeholders, most importantly local community is necessary to ensure the action can be embraced and implemented by all stakeholders;
Climate change issue cannot be addresses in isolation and without integration to development, local livelihoods and other environment issues such as water and biodiversity;
1. The first theory of change that providing new scientific evidence and improved practices would trigger decrease in deforestation was far too simplistic/naive about how science can influence the rest of the world
2. Interdisciplinary and multi-institutional approaches developed (e.g., ASB matrix) produced relevant and useful results that uni-disciplinary and uni-institutional approaches could not have produced
3. Governance and management structure need to be aligned with science implemented (inclusive, transparent, accountable)
4. To generate new knowledge, IPGs, it is essential to have baseline/benchmark in multiple sites, understanding of processes at play in environment and at spatial-temporal scales before scaling up
5. Flexibility, willingness to learn from mistakes, asking existential questions, re-inventing program are essential to evolve realistic Theories of Change overtime
Restoration of the World's Degraded Forest LandscapesSIANI
This study was presented during the conference “Production and Carbon Dynamics in Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Systems in Africa” held in September, 2010.
Restoration of degraded forests and landscapes for production/delivery of mul...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Himlal Baral of the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 23–25 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Social-ecological resilience indicators: a participatory tool for measuring ...Bioversity International
Socio-ecological indicators can help communities develop strategies to improve the resilience of their landscapes. Read more about wha these indicators are achieving: http://bit.ly/1n9Abby
Agrarian change in tropical forests: A change for the better?CIFOR-ICRAF
A presentation by Terry Sunderland and team on 3 December 2016 at the second annual meeting of the FLARE (Forests and Livelihoods: Assessment, Research, and Engagement) network, Edinburgh.
Growing energy and restoring land: Potentials of bioenergy production from de...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Himlal Baral of the Center for International Forestry Research at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 23–25 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Climate change and forests: Synergy between mitigation and adaptationCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Heti Herawati of the Center for International Forestry Research at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 23–25 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Forest and tree ecosystem services for adaptation: six storiesCIFOR-ICRAF
Ecosystems such as forests produce services that could have a significant role in reducing human vulnerability to climate variability and change. Using case studies from around the world, this presentation explores six different ways that forests and trees serve in helping humans to adapt.
This presentation was given on 7 September 2012 at the IUCN World Conservation Congress in Jeju, South Korea, during a session titled 'Building resilience to climate change through ecosystem-based adaptation'. It was also presented on 15 June 2012 at ‘Ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation: from concept to action’, an event held during Rio+20.
: Keynote speech (via skype) by Prof. Han van Dijk, forest engineer and anthropologist with 25 years of experience in Africa – fragile and conflict states and natural resource management, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. “I think the five key future challenges for the Sustainable Forest governance (SFM) are mitigation of climate change through forests and trees; knowledge base; reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) and forest tenure reform; gender equity; and multiple uses of forests” said van Dijk.
Adaptation of forest management to climate change in the Asia Pacific RegionCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was delivered at the third Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2016, in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines.
The five sub-thematic streams at APFW 2016 included:
Pathways to prosperity: Future trade and markets
Tackling climate change: challenges and opportunities
Serving society: forestry and people
New institutions, new governance
Our green future: green investment and growing our natural assets
Climate change mitigation action planning and implementation cannot be carried on by local government only. Involvement of local stakeholders, most importantly local community is necessary to ensure the action can be embraced and implemented by all stakeholders;
Climate change issue cannot be addresses in isolation and without integration to development, local livelihoods and other environment issues such as water and biodiversity;
1. The first theory of change that providing new scientific evidence and improved practices would trigger decrease in deforestation was far too simplistic/naive about how science can influence the rest of the world
2. Interdisciplinary and multi-institutional approaches developed (e.g., ASB matrix) produced relevant and useful results that uni-disciplinary and uni-institutional approaches could not have produced
3. Governance and management structure need to be aligned with science implemented (inclusive, transparent, accountable)
4. To generate new knowledge, IPGs, it is essential to have baseline/benchmark in multiple sites, understanding of processes at play in environment and at spatial-temporal scales before scaling up
5. Flexibility, willingness to learn from mistakes, asking existential questions, re-inventing program are essential to evolve realistic Theories of Change overtime
Unique to ASB Partnership
- Diverse scientific portfolio
- Multi-country teams that interact and share experience
- Writeshops for scientific writings
- Comparative studies (e.g. REDD Readiness assessments)
- Diverse groups of people to interact with – CG centers, national institutions, universities, private sector, farmers, development agents, etc.
For policies and regulations to be effectively implemented especially within multiple levels of government, communication strategy, awareness raising, capacity strengthening programs have to be designed with respecting local wisdoms, contexts and aspirations and in alignment with local visions and missions.
REDD+ - Way forward for Indonesia
Showing leadership in nested approaches to REDD+- RAD-RNK and RAD-RNK. Provincial Strategy and Planning on REDD+ Implementation (Strategi dan Rencana Aksi Propinsi –SRAP).
Bringing in more peatland areas through HKM (Village forest) mechanisms would help more high value forest areas come under protected areas and generate local emission reduction and multiple benefits.
Improving cross-sectoral actions to Readiness speed and effectiveness (would help break path dependency)
In his seminar at ICRAF on Nov 28, Meine van Noordwijk, describes “Concepts, methods and experience with supporting negotiations and incentives for trees in multifunctional landscapes
The environment provides humans with everything we need to survive. This presentation looks at the services ecosystems deliver humanity and the importance of conserving plant biomass and diversity in order to maintain those services
Longleaf Pine Ecosystems
Productivity and biodiversity patterns of a longleaf pine ecosystem.
Ecological forestry and restoration of longleaf pine ecosystems.
Ecological role of mesopredators, effects of control, and habitat approaches.
Aquatic Ecology and Water Resources
Hydrologic variation and human development in the lower Flint River Basin
Depressional wetlands on the coastal plain landscape: maintenance of regional biodiversity
Mark Leighton - Forests: A Pivotal Player bio4climate
Mark Leighton - Forests: A Pivotal Player
From Biodiversity for a Livable Climate conference: "Restoring Ecosystems to Reverse Global Warming"
Saturday November 22nd, 2014
Mark Leighton - Forests: A Pivotal Player
From Biodiversity for a Livable Climate conference: "Restoring Ecosystems to Reverse Global Warming"
Saturday November 22nd, 2014
Developing a partnership with nature shaping new forests out of landscape ele...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Robin L. Chazdon at “Science-policy exchange: Big ideas to connect landscapes, climate and development” Discussion Forum on the second day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
03 - NAAONB Conference 2012 - Making Space for Nature by Sir John LawtonNAAONB landscapesforlife
Sir John Lawton sets the scene by linking to AONB Management, the key points from the Report for establishing a strong and connected natural environment.
Techniques of increasing the forest cover on agricultural areas [autosaved]Gobishankar Mohan
Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable (temporary meadows for pasture, kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow), under permanent crops, and under permanent pasture land
Land use change
Drivers of conversion from forest to Agriculture
Restorethelandscapes
•Restoration options and techniques
•Woodland islets
•Management of Forests on active agricultural land
•Management of trees on fallow agricultural land
•Forest landscape restoration
The Restoration Agenda: Some Practical Issues. By
Lalisa A. Duguma, Anthony Kimaro and Peter Minang - ICRAF
Some countries are transitioning from commitment to implementation and a number of important issues need to be well articulated. Looks at social, economic and practical considerations, with reference to the Shinyanga restoration success in Tanzania
Four Key Steps for Mainstreaming Climate Change Mitigation into Local Development Plan: Identification of Programs (Tagging); Analysis of historical and Future Emission – Mapping emission risk & priority locations; Gap Analysis for Program Enhancement, and establish synchronization & Synergy of Programs within and across sectors; Setting mechanisms for coordination on programs synergy, synchronization and integration and MRV
“SIGN SMART” is web basis software for supporting national and sub-national GHG inventory activity
SIGN: Sistem Informasi GRK Nasional (National GHG Information System)
SMART: Simple, Measurable, Accurate, Reliable, Transparent
SIGN SMART was developed by SIGN center of the MoEF in 2014
In the Amazon Basin, Brazil and in the Congo Basin, Cameroon swiddens systems is an acceptable use of the land when conditions are stable, but the systems become degraded with shorter fallow periods and forest encroachment due to pressures such as high population
o In Indonesia, a case study showed that auctions can be used in payment for ecosystem services as an efficient alternative to identify opportunity cost but does not guarantee compliance. Factors for successful implementation include access to information by farmers, identify constraints to compliance, balance between sanctions and incentives
o Spatially explicit data from various contexts in Indonesia shows that a very specific understanding of drivers of deforestation and recovery of tree cover is needed as they vary from context to context. Specific leverage points can be identified by understanding this interconnectedness and variation amongst the drivers
Prevailing Theories of Change(ToC) on ASB Partnership timeline:
ToC -1: Shifting cultivation is a major driver of deforestation, modernizing agriculture saves forests.- before 1993. Intensifying agriculture to obtain higher yields per ha reduces land pressure on forest & deforestation (‘Borlaug hypothesis’) 1993-1995
ToC 2A: Tradeoffs between private and public benefits of land use can be quantified; knowing opportunity costs of environmental services frames policy;
ToC 2B: Landscape mosaics (varying on segregated versus integrated axis) shape multi-scale outcomes; require Negotiation Support for change
ToC 2C: Landscape mosaics require fair + efficient reward mechanisms and/or coinvestment in ES
TOC 3A: Landscape-scale coinvestment in ES supports Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses (REALU as REDD++ alternative)
ToC 3B: Multi-scale, multi-paradigm combi-nation of national com-modification and local coinvestment for land-based NAMA’s/LAAMA’s
ToC 3C:
Idem for Sustainable Development Goals;
There is growing recognition of the potential for jointly achieving climate change mitigation and adaptation through land management. Landscape approaches to enhancing multi-functionality have been identified as a promising pathway to synergies between mitigation and adaptation besides helping achieve other livelihood needs through ecosystem services and functions provision. This presentation explores what is known and gaps in understanding of synergies and trade-offs. It also explores the necessary enabling conditions that help promote synergies in order to realize the benefits of the approach. We build on an ex-post analysis of the Ngitili systems in Tanzania and selected examples from agroforestry practices to inform the discussion.
Agroforestry systems can deliver a multitude of benefits (market and non market) simultaneously Change processes need to empower the people most affected if they are to be sustainable We must embrace complexity and diversity
Drivers depend on location, time and context; Policy responses need to use the right mix of carrots, sticks & sermons; Ultimately, enlightened self-interest (caring) will have to be the primary reason to keep/promote forests & trees; In the short run a combination of sparing & sharing is needed to achieve sustainable development goals
After major reductions, field-based enforcement still exerts significant and sizeable negative effects on deforestation at the local scale; Reason may not be the fine itself, but the host of economic implications that arise from having received one (embargo, etc.); Signs of “avoidance behavior”, i.e. small-scale deforestation increasing in response to enforcement that targets large-scale deforestation less pronounced than suggested by previous analyses; Average operational costs per fine are at about R$4650 and thus probably still lower than the environmental benefit of avoided deforestation measured at carbon offset price values
Some six countries have succeeded in increasing both Agric production area and Forest area (China, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Vietnam). But not from intensification only but through a combination of policies- (Lambin and Mefroidt, 2011- REDD ALERT Project). Most have done through displacement of Land use to other countries ( Mefroidt et al. 2010 and ASB PB 17)
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in District Ban...Open Access Research Paper
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite, infect both humans and animals population worldwide. It can also cause abortion and inborn disease in humans and livestock population. In the present study total of 313 domestic animals were screened for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Of which 45 cows, 55 buffalos, 68 goats, 60 sheep and 85 shaver chicken were tested. Among these 40 (88.88%) cows were negative and 05 (11.12%) were positive. Similarly 55 (92.72%) buffalos were negative and 04 (07.28%) were positive. In goats 68 (98.52%) were negative and 01 (01.48%) was recorded positive. In sheep and shaver chicken the infection were not recorded.
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
Odds and ends of rehabilitating (restoring) degraded landscapes
1. Odds and ends of rehabilitating (restoring)
degraded landscapes
Lalisa A. Duguma
World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) &
ASB Partnership for Tropical Forest Margins
Email: l.duguma@cgiar.org
2. Outline
Some background
The big questions in restoration/
rehabilitation
◦ What do we want to achieve?
◦ How do we reach at the goal?
◦ Why do we do it?
◦ Whose voice and choice is crucial?
Case study
Summary
1
3. The rise of the restoration
agenda
Natural resource depletion (and degradation) in
multiple fronts (e.g. forests, water, land, etc.) is a
growing threat.
Close to 60% of the ecosystems services widely
used by humans are degraded or being used
unsustainably (MEA 2005).
Replenishing the potential of the ecosystem to
provide the necessary ecosystem services through
restoration/ rehabilitation is gaining promising
momentum.
2
4. Restoration opportunities
3
1.5 billion ha of mosaic restoration – forests
and trees combined in other land uses such as
agroforestry, smallholder farms and settlement
areas.
About 0.5 billion ha of wide scale
restoration of closed forest
About 200 million ha of unpopulated
remote forests e.g. in boreal areas that
could be restored.
5. The Commitments (e.g. Bonn
Challenge-FLR)
Ethiopia and USA – 15 million ha each
DR Congo – 8 million ha
Uganda – 2.5 million ha
Rwanda – 2 million ha
Guatemala – 1.2 million ha
Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, Costa Rica – 1 million ha
each
Pakistan – 0.38 million ha
Initiative 20x20 (Latin America and Caribbean
countries) – 20 million degraded land (inclusive of 11.5
million ha degraded forest)
4
6. Very promising commitments indeed!!
In implementing such commitments, it is
necessary to take into account a
number of issues so that the initiative
could be successful and sustainable.
5
7. Restoration vs. Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation
- the reparation of ecosystem
processes, productivity and
services… but..
- does not necessarily mean a
return to pre-existing biotic
conditions.
Restoration
- the process of assisting the
recovery of an ecosystem that has
been degraded, damaged, or
destroyed.
- attempts to return an ecosystem
to its historic trajectory.
Source: Society for Ecological Restoration International Science & Policy Working Group.
2004. The SER International Primer on Ecological Restoration. www.ser.org &Tucson:
Society for Ecological Restoration International.
6
8. What are we intending to restore/
rehabilitate - Cover or Quality??
Cover is more about the form i.e. species
composition, land use configurations, etc.
◦ Do we just want any type of forest where forest was lost?
◦ Or is the cover guided by the priority functions?
Quality (function) could be influenced by form.
Is quality about multiple functions?
7
9. What is the landscape we want
to have?
History: How did we come to where
we are? [What lead to the
degradation?]
Context: What is the context within
which the restoration or rehabilitation
is going to take place?
Risks and drivers of change: What
are the risks and drivers of change
that we need to take into account?
8
10. Which pathway or trajectory is
appropriate?
How do we want to go
where we planned to be in
restoring or rehabilitating
the landscapes?
Each trajectory can have
its own distinct practices,
investment portfolio,
stakeholders, …
A
B
9
11. From whose perspective?
Who makes the decision on
what has to be achieved?
Did we capture the voice of all
relevant stakeholders?
Whose vision is it?
What is the voice of the people
on..
◦ Choice of practices
◦ Choice of tree species
◦ The nature of benefits generated
from the initiatives
Delta Electronics Group
10
13. The Process
12
1930 1986
Sustainable agropastoral
livelihood system
Ngitili (fodder bank
system)
Indigenous Miombo
and acacia woodlands
Tse tse fly eradication
(clearing of woodlands)
Cash crops expansion
Overstocking
Increasing wood
demand
Deforestation for
villagization
Ngitili
Onfarm tree
conservation
Improved fallows
Rotational woodlots
The reference state The degradation phase The restoration phase
Community
empowerment
Long-term investment
from NORAD and ICRAF
Insecure
tenure rights
ICRAF was the key technical partner from the
beginning of the programme
14. The Change
13
611 ha of managed
Ngitili in 1986
378,000 ha Ngitili-
based landscape
rehabilitation in
2005
16. The Values (Multiple functions):
Social, environmental, livelihood
benefits
Carbon sequestration
1986 - 611 ha (27,428 t
C)
2005 - 377,756 ha
(17 M t C)
Biodiversity conservation
Bird species reemerged : 22-65
Mammal species reemerged : 10
Plant species in restored
Ngitili:152
Economic values (Monela et al. 2005)
Per capita economic value : 168 USD
/year
Rural per capita expenditure : 102 USD
/year
Other ES benefits
Hydrological functions:
Dam construction and
water management
(“Water markets”)
Soil management:
Erosion control
SOM build-up
Social and
Intrinsic values
- Social
cohesion
- ‘Social security’
REDD+ piloting is
already ongoing!!
19. Success factors
Multi-stakeholder engagement and institutional
collaborations that leverage resources and
knowledge and improve overall efficiency of the
actions
Long-term investments by financing agencies and
long-term commitment by actors
Favorable and supportive national and local policy
processes
Use of local practices and knowledge in the
implementation scheme
Empowerment of the community to own the
process
18
20. Summary
To achieve the goal of
restoration/ rehabilitation in
landscapes, it is crucial to
articulate:
What we want to achieve,
what processes are in it,
what resources are required.
How we want to do it
Who should be engaged
Why we do it
…..
19