A concise presentation on bridge construction. Related to civil engineering courses. can be helpful for undergraduate students.
Its a Part of my class presentation.
A concise presentation on bridge construction. Related to civil engineering courses. can be helpful for undergraduate students.
Its a Part of my class presentation.
Bridges: Classification of bridges – with respect to construction
materials, structural behavior of super structure, span, sub structure,
purpose. Temporary and movable bridges. Factors affecting site
selection. Various loads/stresses acting on bridges. Bridge hydrology –
design discharge, water way, afflux, scour depth, economical span.
Bridge components – foundation, piers, abutments, wing wall, approach,
bearings, floor, girders, cables, suspenders. Methods of erection of
different types of bridges. River training works and maintenance of
bridges. Testing and strengthening of bridges. Bridge architect.
Grillage Analysis of T-Beam bridge, Box culvert and their Limit State Design; components of Bridges and loads acting on bridges are presented in this slide.
A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders. The basic structural components of a suspension bridge system include stiffening girders/trusses, the main suspension cables, main towers, and the anchorages for the cables at each end of the bridge.
Bridges and its Types & Components by Chetan BishtChetanBisht16
This is very Useful for Fresher Civil engineers and also for Student of Civil Engineering . This Slide show almost cover the Basic Knowledge about Bridges
Construction Challenges For Bridges In Hilly AreasShantanu Patil
Hilly region pose unique problem for bridge construction. In a restricted hilly area itself climatic condition, Geographical features and hydrological parameters affect considerably. Keeping in view the bridge site and various constraints, type of bridges and method of construction are to be selected carefully for safe, economical and successful completion of bridges construction.
Bridges: Classification of bridges – with respect to construction
materials, structural behavior of super structure, span, sub structure,
purpose. Temporary and movable bridges. Factors affecting site
selection. Various loads/stresses acting on bridges. Bridge hydrology –
design discharge, water way, afflux, scour depth, economical span.
Bridge components – foundation, piers, abutments, wing wall, approach,
bearings, floor, girders, cables, suspenders. Methods of erection of
different types of bridges. River training works and maintenance of
bridges. Testing and strengthening of bridges. Bridge architect.
Grillage Analysis of T-Beam bridge, Box culvert and their Limit State Design; components of Bridges and loads acting on bridges are presented in this slide.
A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders. The basic structural components of a suspension bridge system include stiffening girders/trusses, the main suspension cables, main towers, and the anchorages for the cables at each end of the bridge.
Bridges and its Types & Components by Chetan BishtChetanBisht16
This is very Useful for Fresher Civil engineers and also for Student of Civil Engineering . This Slide show almost cover the Basic Knowledge about Bridges
Construction Challenges For Bridges In Hilly AreasShantanu Patil
Hilly region pose unique problem for bridge construction. In a restricted hilly area itself climatic condition, Geographical features and hydrological parameters affect considerably. Keeping in view the bridge site and various constraints, type of bridges and method of construction are to be selected carefully for safe, economical and successful completion of bridges construction.
Designs of bridges vary depending on the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it. This module explains the types of bridges and their design characteristics.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. Definition of bridge
Bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the
purpose of providing passage over the obstacle without closing the gap below.
IMPORTANCE OF BRIDGES
Connects Difficult Terrains
Easy Trade and Transportation of Goods
Reduces Travelling Time
Military use
Political and Economic importance Less Emission due to displacement
3. COMPONENTS OF A BRIDGE
Abutment – Endpoints of the bridge. They are reinforced so that they can endure intense lateral pressures.
Pile (also known as beam, footing, and pier) – Reinforced concrete post that is driven into the ground to serve
as the leg or support for the bridge. The distance between piles is calculated so that is can support the rest of
the structure that will be laid on top of them.
Cap – Cap sits on top of the pile beam, providing additional support and dispersing the load to the piles below.
The combination of Pile and Cap elements is called Bent.
Girder or Span – One of the main components of the bridge that connects all the Piles beams.
Deck beam – Simple continuous decks are made from metal or reinforced concrete.
Barriers – Sides of the bridge decks usually have additional barrier components such as railings, handrails and ground
fixtures.
6. Classification of bridges
Classification of Bridges (According to form (or) type of superstructures)
1.Slab bridge
2.Beam bridge
3.Truss bridge
4.Arch bridge
5.Cable stayed (or )suspended bridge
Classification of bridges (According to material of construction of superstructure)
1.Timber bridge
2.Concrete bridge
3.Stone bridge
4.R.C.C bridge
5.Steel bridge
6.P.C.C bridge
7.Composite bridge
7. LOADING ON BRIDGES
1. Dead Load
2. Live Load
3. Pressure
4. Centrifugal force
5. Earth Pressure
6. Seismic load
7. Water pressure
8. Wind load
9. Thermal forces
9. 1. Beam bridges, also known as stringer bridges, are the simplest structural forms for bridge spans
supported by an abutment or pier at each end. No moments are transferred throughout the support,
hence their structural type is known as simply supported.
2.A truss bridge is a bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss, a structure of
connected elements usually forming triangular units. The connected elements (typically straight) may be
stressed from tension, compression, or sometimes both in response to dynamic loads. The basic types
of truss bridges shown in this article have simple designs which could be easily analyzed by 19th and early
20th-century engineers. A truss bridge is economical to construct because it uses materials efficiently.
3.A cantilever bridge is a bridge built using cantilevers, structures that project horizontally into space, supported on
only one end. For small footbridges, the cantilevers may be simple beams; however, large cantilever bridges
designed to handle road or rail traffic use trusses built from structural steel, or box girders built from prestressed
concrete. The steel truss cantilever bridge was a major engineering breakthrough when first put into practice, as it
can span distances of over 1,500 feet (460 m).
10. 4.An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by
transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments
at either side. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other more economical
structures are typically used today.
5.Tied arch bridges have an arch-shaped superstructure, but differ from conventional arch bridges. Instead of
transferring the weight of the bridge and traffic loads into thrust forces into the abutments, the ends of the arches are
restrained by tension in the bottom chord of the structure. They are also called bowstring arches.
6.Suspension bridges are suspended from cables. The earliest suspension bridges were made of ropes or vines covered
with pieces of bamboo. In modern bridges, the cables hang from towers that are attached to caissons or cofferdams. The
caissons or cofferdams are implanted deep into the bed of the lake, river or sea.
7.A cable-stayed bridge has one or more towers (or pylons), from which cables support the bridge deck. A distinctive
feature are the cables or stays, which run directly from the tower to the deck, normally forming a fan-like pattern or a
series of parallel lines. This is in contrast to the modern suspension bridge, where the cables supporting the deck are
suspended vertically from the main cable, anchored at both ends of the bridge and running between the towers. The
cable-stayed bridge is optimal for spans longer than cantilever bridges and shorter than suspension bridges. This is the
range within which cantilever bridges would rapidly grow heavier, and suspension bridge cabling would be more costly.
11. Permanent and Temporary Bridges
Temporary Bridge
During construction of dams or bridges or during floods, temporary bridges are constructed at low
cost for temporary usage. These bridges are maintained at low cost. After construction of original
structure temporary bridges are dismantled. Generally timber is used to construct temporary
bridges.
12. Maintenance process of Bridge
1. The bearings of girders should be coated with oil from time to time.
2. The floor system of approaches and bridges should be properly
maintained.
3. The entire drainage system should be inspected for its proper
functioning.
4. The movement of foundations, if any, should be carefully inspected
and all attempts should be made to stop such further movement.
5. Determining location and types of reinforcing steel in concrete
Ensuring quality control on new concrete installations
13. Types of foundation in case of bridge
structure.
•Shallow foundation. Individual footing or isolated footing. Combined footing. Strip foundation.
Raft or mat foundation.
•Deep Foundation. Pile foundation. Drilled Shafts or caissons.
20. Signaling
Railways are provided with signalling primarily to ensure that
there is always enough space between trains to allow a
following train to stop before it hits the one in front.
This is achieved by dividing each track into sections or
"blocks". Each block is protected by a signal placed at its
entrance.
signalling is one of the most important components of the
many which make up a railway system. Train movement safety
depends on it and the control and management of trains depends on
them.
21. Objects of signalling
The objectives of signalling are as follows.
(a) To regulate the movement of trains so that they run safely at maximum permissible speeds.
(b) To maintain a safe distance between trains that are running on the same line in the same direction.
(c) To ensure the safety of two or more trains that have to cross or approach each other.
(d) To provide facilities for safe and efficient shunting.
(e) To regulate the arrival and departure of trains from the station yard.
(f) To guide the trains to run at restricted speeds during the maintenance and repair of tracks.
(g) To ensure the safety of the train when it comes in contact with road traffic at level crossings.