The basic components and parts of a bridge include the superstructure, bearings, and substructure. The superstructure includes the deck and girders that support the roadway. Bearings allow movement between the superstructure and substructure and transmit loads. The substructure includes piers, abutments, and foundations that support the superstructure and transfer loads to the ground. Piers are vertical structures that support spans while abutments retain earth at the ends of the bridge and transfer loads into the ground. Foundations distribute bridge loads evenly into the soil or rock.
Workshop under the Capacity Building Programme of the Southern Road Connectivity Project / Expressway Connectivity Improvement Plan Project, March 2016
Construction Challenges For Bridges In Hilly AreasShantanu Patil
Hilly region pose unique problem for bridge construction. In a restricted hilly area itself climatic condition, Geographical features and hydrological parameters affect considerably. Keeping in view the bridge site and various constraints, type of bridges and method of construction are to be selected carefully for safe, economical and successful completion of bridges construction.
Bridges and its Types & Components by Chetan BishtChetanBisht16
This is very Useful for Fresher Civil engineers and also for Student of Civil Engineering . This Slide show almost cover the Basic Knowledge about Bridges
Workshop under the Capacity Building Programme of the Southern Road Connectivity Project / Expressway Connectivity Improvement Plan Project, March 2016
Construction Challenges For Bridges In Hilly AreasShantanu Patil
Hilly region pose unique problem for bridge construction. In a restricted hilly area itself climatic condition, Geographical features and hydrological parameters affect considerably. Keeping in view the bridge site and various constraints, type of bridges and method of construction are to be selected carefully for safe, economical and successful completion of bridges construction.
Bridges and its Types & Components by Chetan BishtChetanBisht16
This is very Useful for Fresher Civil engineers and also for Student of Civil Engineering . This Slide show almost cover the Basic Knowledge about Bridges
Bridges: Classification of bridges – with respect to construction
materials, structural behavior of super structure, span, sub structure,
purpose. Temporary and movable bridges. Factors affecting site
selection. Various loads/stresses acting on bridges. Bridge hydrology –
design discharge, water way, afflux, scour depth, economical span.
Bridge components – foundation, piers, abutments, wing wall, approach,
bearings, floor, girders, cables, suspenders. Methods of erection of
different types of bridges. River training works and maintenance of
bridges. Testing and strengthening of bridges. Bridge architect.
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
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A concise presentation on bridge construction. Related to civil engineering courses. can be helpful for undergraduate students.
Its a Part of my class presentation.
Bridges: Classification of bridges – with respect to construction
materials, structural behavior of super structure, span, sub structure,
purpose. Temporary and movable bridges. Factors affecting site
selection. Various loads/stresses acting on bridges. Bridge hydrology –
design discharge, water way, afflux, scour depth, economical span.
Bridge components – foundation, piers, abutments, wing wall, approach,
bearings, floor, girders, cables, suspenders. Methods of erection of
different types of bridges. River training works and maintenance of
bridges. Testing and strengthening of bridges. Bridge architect.
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
A concise presentation on bridge construction. Related to civil engineering courses. can be helpful for undergraduate students.
Its a Part of my class presentation.
Running Head BRIDGE DESIGN1BRIDGE DESIGN31.docxtoddr4
Running Head: BRIDGE DESIGN 1
BRIDGE DESIGN 31
Title:
Student Name:
Institution:
Course:
Date:
BRIDGE DESIGN FOR THE MOTOR WAY BELOW
8m
Embankment
A
Motorway
16m
10m
Central Reservation
Motorway
16m
Grass Verge
Existing Factory Units
Footway
A
Carriagewaym
Existing Factory Units
Fixed Factory Entrance
Fixed Factory Entrance
3m
2m
3m
2m
10mm
Existing Highway to Proposed Bridge
Existing Development
Proposed Development
Existing Development
Existing Retaining Wall – 500mm thick rc construction indicated by old record drawings
Central Reservation
10m
10m
Section A-A
2m footway
1.2m high parapets
10m carriageway
Bridge Deck Section
Figure 1
Bridge design
Most suitable bridge forms
· Beam bridge
· Arch bridge
The beam bridge: Beam and slab with ladder decks
This form of bridges comprises of slab which sits on top of steel I-beams. This form is mostly used for mid span highway bridge which is where our required bridge falls in.
Slab in this system is supported on tow main girders with a spacing of about 3.5m and it lies longitudinally between the girders as per the below diagram.
Figure 1
The bridge will use plate girders giving us a scope to vary the flange and web sizes to fit and suit the bridge load carrying capabilities. In the design process, ability of the bridge to carry the maximum load expected and the loading at the various stages of construction will guide on the proportion of girders that is their depth, width of tension and compression flanges and web thickness.
The girders are erected firmly on the ground and have stud connectors welded on the top flange to provide composite action between the slab and girder. The number of studs and spacing vary depending on expected level of shear flow between steel girder and concrete slab.
The girders rest on bearings fastened to the bottom flange. The girders are stiffened to carry the bearing loads at these points. Some cases apply bracing between the girders at support to carry lateral forces and provide torsional restraint.
Bridge description
· The bridge will have a span of 50m.
· The bridge will be raised to a height of 10m on both sides to be in level with the existing highway. The girders will have constant height.
· The bridge cross section will have the reinforced concrete slab sitting on top of two main abutment substructures and an extra substructure which will be on the central reservation. The main substructure will be located at the embarkment of the road.
Construction sequence
Abutment substructure construction
Girder construction
The bridge will consist of two main girder I beams. The girders will be of the same height. To make the I-beam, steel plates will be used. The steel plate is cut into the required sizes for the bottom flange and top flange and for the web. The cut pieces are then fillet welded into the I-section. This is done either by machine manual assembling in jig or through improved pressing machine .
Designs of bridges vary depending on the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it. This module explains the types of bridges and their design characteristics.
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The following project focuses on the viaduct and its various parts, describing their individual characteristics as well as the methods being used for its construction.
This is just an overview about the Reinforced Concrete Deck Girder Bridge
(RCDG Bridge)
the Presentation includes:
Materials for Construction,
Parts of a typical RCDG bridge,
The Forces Acting on the bridge, etc.
OUTLINE
introduction
classification
loads
materials used
Type of reinforcement
RCC
construction methods in RCC
Analysis and design
Detailing
Basic Rules
Site visit
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Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
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https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
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Basic components and parts of bridge structures
1. Basic Components and Parts of Bridge
Structures
The bridge structure consists of the following components:
1. Superstructure or decking component
2. Bearings
3. Substructure Components
Fig: Semi-Through Section of a Concrete Slab Road Bridge
Superstructure Components of Bridges
The superstructure of the bridge structure consists of deck slab, girder, truss
etc. These components vary based on the type of bridge (whether concrete or
steel or composite). Superstructure of the bridge bears the load passing over it.
This helps in transmitting the forces formed by the loads to the below
substructures.
2. Decks
The decking is considered as the road or the rail surface of the bridge. The
decks are supported by the girders or the huge beams that is in turn supported
by the piers. The whole arrangement is supported with a deep foundation
mainly piles and cap arrangement.
Bearings in Bridges
The loads received by the decks are properly and safely transmitted to the
substructure with the help of bearings. These are components of bridge that
enables even distribution of load on the substructure material. This transmission
is very essential in situations where the substructure is not designed to take the
load action directly.
3. The bearings in bridges allows the longitudinal movement of the girders. This
movement is created due to the forces acting on the longitudinal direction. The
forces due to the moving loads and the variation in temperature are the main
causes for longitudinal forces.
The selection of bearing is dependent on certain parameters, which are: Loads
acting, the geometry, the extent of maintenance, the clearance available, the
displacement, rotation and deflection policy, availability, preference of the
designer, the construction tolerances, and the cost criteria.
For the bridge design, all the above-mentioned aspect is considered for the
design and the choice of bearings. The designer must consider the bearing
arrangement in the bridge construction as a separate system.
In most of construction practice, the bearing is selected or the decision for
bearing is done in the last moment. This results in increase of maintenance in
the future, which must be avoided.
Substructure Components of Bridges
4. The components involved in substructure of bridges are:
1. Piers
2. Abutments
3. Wing Walls and the Returns
4. Foundation
Piers
The piers are vertical structures used to support deck or the bearings provided
for load transmission to underground soil through foundation. These structures
serve as supports for the bridge spans at intermediate points.
The pier structure has mainly two functions:
1. Load transmission to the Foundation
2. Resistance to the horizontal forces
Most of the cases, piers are designed to resist the vertical loads alone. In areas
which lie in the seismic zone, it is recommended to design the pier for lateral
loads also.
Most of the piers are constructed using concrete. Steel for the construction of
pier is used in very few cases till now. Use of composite columns i.e. steel
columns filled with concrete is used as new technology of pier construction.
The pier is a vertical member that resist the forces by means of shear
mechanism. These forces are mainly lateral forces. The pier that consist of
multiple columns are called as bent.
5. Types of Piers in Bridge Construction
There are different types of piers based on the structural connectivity, the
shape of the section and the framing configuration.
Based on the structural connectivity, the pier can be classified
as monolithic or cantilevered.
Based on the shape of the section pier can be classified as solid or
hollow, hexagonal, round or octagonal or rectangular.
Based on the framing configuration the pier can be classified as single
or multiple column bent, hammerhead or pier wall type.
Abutments
Abutments are vertical structures used to retain the earth behind the structure.
The dead and the live loads from the bridge superstructure is supported by the
bridge abutments.
6. The abutments are also subjected to lateral pressures mainly from the approach
embankment. The design loads on the abutment is mainly dependent on the:
Type of abutment selected
The sequence of construction
The figure below shows the primary functions carried out by an abutment.
7. Fig: Abutments in Bridge Construction- Primary Functions
As seen from the above figure, the abutments have the design requirements
similar to retaining walls as well as in pier construction. The abutments are
primarily designed to resists the overturning and sliding. More focus is on the
stability of the whole system.
The special care has to be provided for the foundations of abutments. The
abutment foundation must overcome the problems of differential settlement and
excessive movements caused due to lateral forces or loads.
The below figure shows the components of abutments.
8. Fig: Abutments Components
Wing Walls and Returns
Structures constructed as an extension of the abutments to retain the earth
present in the approach bank are called wing walls. This portion will otherwise
have a natural angle of repose. These are retaining walls constructed adjacent
to the abutments. This wall can be constructed either integrally or independent
with the abutment wall.
The rear of the wall must consider three design loads while designing. This
includes:
The earth pressure from the backfill
The surcharge from the live loads or the compacting plant
The hydraulic loads from the saturated soil conditions
The stability of the wing wall is mainly based on its resistance against the active
earth pressures. The structural elements of the bridges are hereby designed
and constructed to resist the earth pressures at rest.
9. Parapets and Handrails/ Guard Rails or Curbs
These components of bridges are not of structural importance, but provided for
the safety concerns. These are provided above the decks. This will help in
prevention of the vehicle from falling off the bridge into the water body below or
as a means for the separation of traffic streams.
Foundation of Bridges
10. Foundation are structures constructed to transmit the load from the piers,
abutments, wing walls and the returns evenly on the strata.
The foundation provided for bridge structures are deep in sufficient manner to
avoid scouring due to the water movement or to reduce the chances of
undermining.