Tetracyclines slide contains full information about uses, adverse effect, marketed preparation, precaution, route of drug administration, antimicrobial spectrum, mechanism of action, pharmacokineticks and pharmacodynamics of tetracyclines. This slide is very helpful for pharmacy and pharmacology student for the study about tetracyclines.
Definition
History
Chemistry
Properties
Classification & its Generation
Pharmacokinetics
Mechanism of action
Indication
Contraindication
Therapeutic use
Adverse effect
Resistance
Comparison with penicillin
Market preparation
Tetracyclines slide contains full information about uses, adverse effect, marketed preparation, precaution, route of drug administration, antimicrobial spectrum, mechanism of action, pharmacokineticks and pharmacodynamics of tetracyclines. This slide is very helpful for pharmacy and pharmacology student for the study about tetracyclines.
Definition
History
Chemistry
Properties
Classification & its Generation
Pharmacokinetics
Mechanism of action
Indication
Contraindication
Therapeutic use
Adverse effect
Resistance
Comparison with penicillin
Market preparation
Broad spectrum antibiotics chloramphenicol, anaerobic,soil bacteria. Description includes Physicochemical Properties,Mechanism of action-50S ribosome ,Inhibits Bacterial protein synthesis,Resistance,Interactions,Indications of chloramphenicol-Pyogenic meningitis.
Anaerobic infections.
Intraocular infections.
Enteric fever
Drug of choice in some conditions.
Urinary tract infections
Topically In conjunctivitis & external ear Infections. Snehal chakorkar
Sulfonamide (also called sulphonamide, sulfa drugs or sulpha drugs) is the basis of several groups of drugs. The original antibacterial sulfonamides are synthetic antimicrobial agents that contain the sulfonamide group.
Pharmacology of antimalarial drugs with treatment of malaria. mechanism of action, uses, adverse effects of antimalarial drugs like chloroquine, quinine, artemisinin compounds.
Broad spectrum antibiotics chloramphenicol, anaerobic,soil bacteria. Description includes Physicochemical Properties,Mechanism of action-50S ribosome ,Inhibits Bacterial protein synthesis,Resistance,Interactions,Indications of chloramphenicol-Pyogenic meningitis.
Anaerobic infections.
Intraocular infections.
Enteric fever
Drug of choice in some conditions.
Urinary tract infections
Topically In conjunctivitis & external ear Infections. Snehal chakorkar
Sulfonamide (also called sulphonamide, sulfa drugs or sulpha drugs) is the basis of several groups of drugs. The original antibacterial sulfonamides are synthetic antimicrobial agents that contain the sulfonamide group.
Pharmacology of antimalarial drugs with treatment of malaria. mechanism of action, uses, adverse effects of antimalarial drugs like chloroquine, quinine, artemisinin compounds.
synthetic antimicrobials having a quinolone structure that are active primarily against gram-negative bacteria, though newer fluorinated compounds also inhibit gram-positive ones.
the presentation is all about the antibacterial agent focusing on quinoloes and fluroquinolones. helping the viewer to understand
quinoloes basic pharmacology
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Classification (-floxacins)
First generation FQs
o Norfloxacin
o Ofloxacin
o Pefloxacin
o Ciprofloxacin
Note: Remember as NOP Cipro
Second generation FQs
o Levofloxacin
o Lomefloxacin
o Moxifloxacin
o Gemifloxacin
o Sparfloxacin
Note: Remember as Levo Lome Moxi Gem Spark
3. Mechanism of Action
The FQs enter the bacterium by passive
diffusion through porins in the outer
membrane
Once inside the cell, they inhibit replication of
bacterial DNA by interfering with the action of
DNA gyrase (Topoisomerase II) and
Topoisomerase IV during bacterial growth and
reproduction
Topoisomerases are the enzymes that change
the configuration of DNA by a ‘nicking — pass
through — resealing’ mechanism. They do not
change the DNAs primary sequence
5. Mechanism of Action
Binding of quinolone to both the enzyme and
the DNA forms a ternary complex that inhibits
the resealing step, and can cause cell death by
inducing the cleavage of the DNA
Because DNA gyrase is a bacteriospecific target
for anti-microbial therapy, cross resistance with
other, more commonly used anti-microbial
drugs is rare, but this is increasing in the case
of multi-drug resistant organisms
The second site blocked by FQs– Topoisomerase
IV– is required by bacteria for cell division. It
has been implicated in the process of
6. In Gram-negative organisms (E.
coli), the inhibition of DNA gyrase
is more significant than that of
Topoisomerase IV, whereas in
Gram-positive organisms
(Streptococci), the opposite is
true.
8. Uses
Urinary tract infections:
High cure rates, even in complicated cases or those with
indwelling catheters or prostatitis
Chronic Pseudomonas infections respond less completely
Gonorrhoea:
Single dose of 500 mg was nearly 100% curative in PPNG as well
as non-PPNG infections, but the cure rates have declined due to
emergence of resistance and it is no longer a first line drug
Chanchroid:
500 mg BD for 3 days second line alternative drug to̶̶
Ceftriaxone/ Azithromycin
9. Uses
Bacterial gastroenteritis:
Use is reserved for severe cases of diarrhoea due to EPEC, Shigella, Salmonella,
Campylobacter jejuni infections
Can reduce stool volume in cholera
Typhoid:
One of the 1st choice drugs in typhoid fever
750 mg BD for 10 days is recommended or 200 mg i.v 12 hourly till oral therapy
can be instituted
The advantages of Ciprofloxacin are:
o quick defervescence: fever usually subsides in 4-5 days
o Early abetment of symptoms, low incidence of complications and relapse
o Prevention of carrier state due to cidal action
Ciprofloxacin can be used to treat typhoid carrier (750 mg BD for 4-8 weeks). This
has been found to achieve 92% eradication rate
10. Uses
Bone, soft tissue, gynaecological and wound
infections:
High cure rate have been obtained in osteomyelitis and joint
infections but prolonged treatment with high doses (6-8 weeks
with 750 md BD) is required
Respiratory infections:
Not a primary drug because Streptococci and Pneumococci have
low susceptibility
However, RT infections due to Mycoplasma, Legionella,
H.influenzae respond
Tuberculosis:
One of the drugs in multidrug regimens used for resistant TB
Also useful in atypical mycobacterial infections
11. Uses
Gram negative septicaemias:
Parenteral Ciprofloxacin may be combined with 3rd generation cephalosporin
or an aminoglycoside
Prophylaxis:
Prophylactic use for infections in neutropenic or cancer patients and other
susceptible patients
Conjunctivitis:
Topical therapy is effective
Meningitis:
Though penetration in CSF is not very good, it has been successfully used in
Gram negative bacterial meningitis especially that occuring in
immunocompromised patients or those with CSF shunts
12. Adverse effects
Fluoroquinolones have good safety record: side
effects occur in ~10% patients, but are
generally mild, withdrawal needed only in 1.5%
GIT:
Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, bad taste
Does not affect gut anaerobes hence diarrhoea is infrequent̶
CNS:
Headache, dizziness, restlessness, anxiety, insomnia, impairment
of concentration and dexterity
Tremor and seizures are rare: occur at high doses or when
predisposing factors are present
13. Adverse effects
Skin/hypersensitivity:
Rash, pruritus, photosensitivity, urticaria, swelling of lips etc.
Serious cutaneous reactions are rare
Tendinitis and tendon rupture:
Risk of tendon damage is higher in patients above 60 yrs age and
in those receiving corticosteroids
FQs should be stopped at the first sign of tendinitis
Contraindicated during pregnancy