This document describes the structure and parts of a typical bisexual flower. It discusses the four main whorls that make up a flower: the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. The calyx is the outermost whorl of sepals that protects the developing flower bud. The corolla is inside the calyx and is made up of petals which attract pollinators. The androecium is the third whorl of stamens that produce pollen. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of carpels that contain the ovary, style and stigma and will develop into fruits and seeds after fertilization.

1. THE FLOWER
Flowering Plants

2. The Flower
A flower is a specialized shoot in which leaves
have been modified into the flora parts that
produce fruits and seeds after pollination and
fertilization.

3. The Flower
 SHOOT LEAVES FLORA
FRUITS SEEDS

4. THE FLOWER

5. Structure of Bisexual Flower

6. Structure of Bisexual Flower
A typical flower has four whorls
a) Two essential whorls – androecium and gynoecium
b) Two non essential whorls- calyx and corola
CALYX SEPALS
COROLA PETALS
ANDROECIUM STAMEN
GYNOECIUM CARPELS

7. CALYX
 OUTERMOST WHORL
SEPALS-> CALYX
 SEPALS= 5
 FREE AND FUSED
CONDITION
 POLYSEPALOUS-
FREE
 GAMOSEPALOUS-
FUSED
 GREEN, RED-
GULMOHAR
 PETALOIDS-BRIGHTLY
COLOURED SEPALS

8. FUNCTION OF CALYX
PROTECT THE FLOWER BUD
• BEFORE FLOWER OPEN->COMPLELY
ENCLOSED THE CAYX
• SEPAL REMAINED JOINED
• CALYX FORMS A TUBE THAT PROTECT
THE OVARY
• FLOWER BLOOM
• CALYX SEPARATE INTO SEPALS

9. COROLLA
2ND OUTERMOST
WHORLS
MADE OF PETALS
PETALS->COROLLA
SOMETIMES ARE
ABSENT

10. FUNCTION OF COROLLA
TO ATTRACT INSECTS AND BIRDS FOR
POLLINATION
MONOCOT PLANT-> MULTIPLE OF THREE
DICOT PLANT->MULTIPLES OF FOUR OR FIVE

11. ANDROECIUM
3RD WHORL FROM
OUTSIDE
STAMENS=>ANDRE
CIUM
NO. 1 TO 100
ANTHER AND
CONNECTIVITY
TWO ANTHER
LOBE=>TWO
POLLEN
SAC=>POLLEN
GRAINS

12. MONADELPHOUS
 THE STANMENS
ARE UNITED IN ONE
GROUP BY FUSION
OF THEIR
FILLAMENTS,
ANTHER BEING
FREE

13. DIADELPHOUS
THE STAMENS ARE
UNITED IN TWO
BUNDLES BY
FUSION OF THEIR
FILLAMENTS,
ANTHER BEING
FREE
PEA

14. POLYADELPHOUS
THE STAMENS ARE
UNITEDIN MANY
BUNDLES BY
FUSION OF THEIR
FILAMENTS,
ANTHER BEING
FREE
LEMON

15. GYNOECIUM
4TH AND
INNERMOST
WHORL
CARPELS=>GYNOE
CIUM
CARPEL=>STIGMA+
STYLE+OVARY
STIGMA
• STICKY PART AT THE TOP OF
PISTLE
STYLE
• THIN TUBE THAT LEADS FROM
THE STIGMA TO OVARY
OVARY
• ENLARGED AREASAT THE BASE OF
THE PISTILTHAT PRODUCE

16. PISTIL=SIMPLE(1
)/COMPOUND

17. PLACENTATION
 THE PLACENTA IS A
TISSUE THAT MOST
FRQUENTLY
DEVELOPS ON THE
MARIGINS OF
CARPELS
 EITHER THEIR
WHOLE LINE OF
UNION CALLED
SUTURE OR ATHE
APEX
 THE MANNER IN
WHICH THE
PLACENTAE ARE
DISTRIBUTED IN THE
CAVITY OF THE
OVARY IS KNOWN AS
PLACENTATION

18. COMPLETE OR INCOMPLETE
INCOMPLETE
• UNISEXUAL( ANDROECIUM OR GYNOECIUM)
• PAPAYA
COMPLETE
• BISEXUAL FLOWER OR HERMAPHRODITE
• CHINA ROSE, TOMATO, BRINJAL
NEUTER
• NEITHER ANDROECIUM NOR GYNOECIUM
• SUN FLOWER

19. FLOWER
THALAMUS NECTARIES

20. INFLORESCENCE
ARRANGEMENT OF
FLOWER ON SHOOT
PEDUNCLE-MAIN
AXIS
PEDICEL-SOLITARY
a) SOLITARY
TERMINAL-
POPPY
b) SOLITARY
AXILLARY-
HIBISCUS AND
PETUNIA