The Brassicaceae family includes 375 genera and 3200 species that are widely distributed but most abundant in temperate regions. Some common plants in the family are mustards, cabbages, radishes, and turnips. Plants can be herbaceous annuals or biennials and are cultivated for food, spices, oils, or ornamental purposes. Flowers are tetramerous and cruciform with 4 sepals, 4 petals, 6 stamens in a tetradynamous arrangement, and a superior bicarpellate ovary. The family has economic importance as a source of vegetables, oils, spices, and some medicinal and ornamental plants.
* The members of this family are mainly distributed in the tropical parts of the world. The plants occur mostly in dry regions.
* Several shrubby species of Capparis occur in the Mediterranean region.
* Reference - Taxonomy of Angiosperms - Dr. B. P. Pandey
* The members of this family are mainly distributed in the tropical parts of the world. The plants occur mostly in dry regions.
* Several shrubby species of Capparis occur in the Mediterranean region.
* Reference - Taxonomy of Angiosperms - Dr. B. P. Pandey
Solanaceae family is also known as the potato family.
Around 2000 species of dicotyledonous plants belong to this family.
Solanaceae is a family of angiosperms.
It is widely distributed all over the world in tropical, subtropical and temperate zones.
It includes a number of spices, medicinal plants, agricultural crops, etc.
Vegetables like potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, eggplant are included in the Solanaceae family.
Many plants are of medicinal importance. The main medicinal plants are Atropa belladonna, Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Datura, etc.
Some alkaloids are toxic too. Some of the important alkaloids are tropanes, nicotine, capsaicin, solanine, hyoscyamine, etc.
Many ornamental plants also belong to this family. E.g. Petunia, Lycianthes, Cestrum, etc.
These are important sources of spices. E.g. chilly
The leaves of Nicotiana tabacum are a major source of tobacco. Tobacco is a commercially very important plant.
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important to humans are: Cucurbita – squash,
Brassicaceae or Cruciferae is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family.. The Brassicaceae family includes broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale, mustard (greens), and collards. Collectively, these crops are referred to as cole crops or crucifers
Family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) is generally characterized by typical legume fruit and the ability to symbiotically fix nitrogen. Among the three subfamilies, Papilionoideae is the largest and possesses the lion’s share of economically important legumes including pulses and forages. Although monophyletic origin is generally considered, traces of polyphyly and paraphyly are evidenced in the subfamilies Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioideae by molecular phylogenetic studies. Development of robust cytogenetic stocks (aneuploids, polyploids, chromosomal aberrations, somaclonal variants, transformants, etc.) and novel functional genomic tools (mutants, molecular markers, DNA libraries, barcode sequences, etc.) have paved the way to legume classical and molecular breeding for high-yield, nutritional quality, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and enhancement of its bioactive natural antioxidants.
ORDER ASTERALES
Family compositae (Asteraceae)
It is the largest family among angiosperms, containing about 1,620 genera and 23,600 species
Distributation
The member belonging to this family are found in everywhere on the surface of the earth (Cosmopolitan) in each possible type of habitat .Most of them are herbaceous but form tropical regions ,In Pakistan it is represented by many genera few are given as follows.
Scientific Name: Helianthus annus
Local Name: Surij Muki
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Helianthus tuberosus
Local Name: Hatichuk
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Carthanus tinctorius
Local Name: Kusum
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Carthamus oxycanthus
Local Name: Kantiari
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Aertmisia absinthium
Local Name: Vilaiti afsantin
Family: Asteraceae
etc .
Solanaceae family is also known as the potato family.
Around 2000 species of dicotyledonous plants belong to this family.
Solanaceae is a family of angiosperms.
It is widely distributed all over the world in tropical, subtropical and temperate zones.
It includes a number of spices, medicinal plants, agricultural crops, etc.
Vegetables like potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, eggplant are included in the Solanaceae family.
Many plants are of medicinal importance. The main medicinal plants are Atropa belladonna, Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Datura, etc.
Some alkaloids are toxic too. Some of the important alkaloids are tropanes, nicotine, capsaicin, solanine, hyoscyamine, etc.
Many ornamental plants also belong to this family. E.g. Petunia, Lycianthes, Cestrum, etc.
These are important sources of spices. E.g. chilly
The leaves of Nicotiana tabacum are a major source of tobacco. Tobacco is a commercially very important plant.
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important to humans are: Cucurbita – squash,
Brassicaceae or Cruciferae is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family.. The Brassicaceae family includes broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale, mustard (greens), and collards. Collectively, these crops are referred to as cole crops or crucifers
Family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) is generally characterized by typical legume fruit and the ability to symbiotically fix nitrogen. Among the three subfamilies, Papilionoideae is the largest and possesses the lion’s share of economically important legumes including pulses and forages. Although monophyletic origin is generally considered, traces of polyphyly and paraphyly are evidenced in the subfamilies Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioideae by molecular phylogenetic studies. Development of robust cytogenetic stocks (aneuploids, polyploids, chromosomal aberrations, somaclonal variants, transformants, etc.) and novel functional genomic tools (mutants, molecular markers, DNA libraries, barcode sequences, etc.) have paved the way to legume classical and molecular breeding for high-yield, nutritional quality, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and enhancement of its bioactive natural antioxidants.
ORDER ASTERALES
Family compositae (Asteraceae)
It is the largest family among angiosperms, containing about 1,620 genera and 23,600 species
Distributation
The member belonging to this family are found in everywhere on the surface of the earth (Cosmopolitan) in each possible type of habitat .Most of them are herbaceous but form tropical regions ,In Pakistan it is represented by many genera few are given as follows.
Scientific Name: Helianthus annus
Local Name: Surij Muki
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Helianthus tuberosus
Local Name: Hatichuk
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Carthanus tinctorius
Local Name: Kusum
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Carthamus oxycanthus
Local Name: Kantiari
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Aertmisia absinthium
Local Name: Vilaiti afsantin
Family: Asteraceae
etc .
Asteraceae, also called Compositae, the aster, daisy, or composite family of the flowering-plant order Asterales. With more than 1,620 genera and 23,600 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees distributed throughout the world, Asteraceae is one of the largest plant families.
Brassicaceae (/ˌbræsɪˈkeɪsii/) or Cruciferae (/kruːˈsɪfəri/)[2] is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, some shrubs, with simple, although sometimes deeply incised, alternatingly set leaves without stipules or in leaf rosettes, with terminal inflorescences without bracts, containing flowers with four free sepals, four free alternating petals, two short and four longer free stamens, and a fruit with seeds in rows, divided by a thin wall (or septum).
The family contains 372 genera and 4,060 accepted species.[3] The largest genera are Draba (440 species), Erysimum (261 species), Lepidium (234 species), Cardamine (233 species), and Alyssum (207 species).
The family contains the cruciferous vegetables, including species such as Brassica oleracea (e.g. broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, collards), Brassica rapa (turnip, Chinese cabbage, etc.), Brassica napus (rapeseed, etc.), Raphanus sativus (common radish), Armoracia rusticana (horseradish), but also a cut-flower Matthiola (stock) and the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress).
Pieris rapae and other butterflies of the family Pieridae are some of the best-known pests of Brassicaceae species planted as commercial crops. Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) moth is also becoming increasingly problematic for crucifers due to its resistance to commonly used pest control methods.[4] Some rarer Pieris butterflies, such as Pieris virginiensis, depend upon native mustards for their survival, in their native habitats. Some non-native mustards, such as garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata, an extremely invasive species in the United States, can be toxic to their larvae.
* Caryophyllaceae is also known as pink family. Members of this family are well known for ornamental purposes.
* This family is well represented in the British Flora and many species are cultivated as ornamental garden flowers.
* The members of this family are commonly found in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
*Reference - Taxonomy of Angiosperms - Dr. B. P. Pandey
The radish (Raphanus sativus) is an edible root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family that was domesticated in Europe in pre-Roman times. They are grown and consumed throughout the world. Radishes have numerous varieties, varying in size, color and duration of required cultivation time. There are some radishes that are grown for their seeds; oilseed radishes are grown, as the name implies, for oil production.
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1. Brassicaceae
Cruciferae
( The mustard family )
Classification:
Class : Dicotyledons (two cootyledons)
Sub class : polypetalae ( Free petals)
Series : Thalmiflorae ( superior ovary)
Order : parietales ( paritalplacentation)
Family : Brassicaceae = cruciferae
Sheetal
Roll no. 202128
Bec medical 2nd year
2. Distribution :
• 375 genera and 3200 species widely distributed but most abundant
in temperate and cold part of world.
• Common plants :
• Brassica. Compestris ( Mustard)
4. Vegitative Characters:
• Habit : herb or Annual and shurb or biennial plants . They are cultivated for
ornamental economic purposes.
• Root : Tap Root , swollen on account of stored food materials. It may
be conical in Radish or fusiform in Turnip or shalgum.
• Stem : Herbaceous,erect, cylindrical.
rarely woody and reduced ( Radish or Turnip)
• Leaves : Alternate , sub-opposite , usually covered with hairs,Exstipulate (
means stipule absent ).
6. Floral Characters:
• Inflorescence: Raceme.
In Brassica campestris have corymbose raceme
in Brassicaceae Iberia amara have corymb.
• Flower :
. Ebracteate
. Pedicellate
. Complete
. Bisexual
. Actinomorphic rarely zygomorphic in some species( iberis).
. Tetramerous , cyclic
. Hypogynous.
ActinomorphicFlower
(radial symmetry)
Zygomorphic flower
(bilateral symmetry)
7. Raceme inflorescence
with elongated axis which carrying pedicellate flower
( Pedicels of equal length)
Corymb: with elongated axis carrying pedicellate flower ( pedicels of
differentlength) in Iberis
Eg. Mustard
Raceme
8. • Calyx (K) :
. 4 sepals arranged in two whorals of 2 each
. Polysepalous (free sepals)
. 2 Anterior – posterior , 2 lateral sepals
. Green and calyx inferior ( calyx is prst. Below the superior ovary)
• Corolla (C) :
. 4 petals
. Polypetalous ( free petals)
. Cruciform ( petals arranged in the form of cross known as cruciform )
. Size equal rarely unequal or irregular ( Iberis)
10. • Androecium (A):
. 6 stamens arranged in two whorals (2+4) outer 2 stamens are short
and inner four stamens are long .
. Polyandrous
. Tetradynamous
. Anther bithecous
. 4 dot like nectaries prst. At the base of outer and inner paired
Stamens
. Basifixed , inferior
Gynoecium (G):
• Bicarpellary rarely tricarpellary . Ovary superIor
. Syncarpous ( fused carpels) . Parietal placentation
12. . Unilocular ( one locule)
Become bilocular due to development of false septum called Replum
. Ovules many , style short , stigma simple , bifid
• Fruit :
. Siliqua or silicula
• Seed :
. Small , non Endospermic
• General Floral Formula :
13. • Important Genera of Brassicaceae:
• Brassica Campestris (Mustard):
• Habit: Annual
• Root: Tap root , branched
• stem: Herbaceous above, below woody, erect,
Cylindrical, branches slightly hairy
• Leaf: Alternate, Exstipulate, sessile
• Inflorescence: Corymbose Receme
• Flower: Ebracteate, bisexual, actinomorphic,
. Regular,cyclic, hypogynous, bimerou
• Calyx: 4 sepals , polysepalous, arranged in two whorals of 2 each , green or.
yellow , inferior
14. • Corolla: 4 petals , polypetalous, cruciform ( cross arrangement),
Valvate , yellow , inferior
• Androecium: 6 stamens, polyandrous , Basifixed,
Tetradynamous arrangement in two whorals
Outer whorl : 2 short stamens
Inner whorl : 4 long stamens
• Gynoecium: Bicarpellary, syncarpous, superior ovary , long , cylindrical,
unilocular become bilocular due to replum
15.
16. • Floral Flormula:
( sign x after c indicates that the petals are
diagonally placed
17. Economic Importance of Brassicaceae:
• Vegitable yielding plants:
Raphanus sativa (Raddiah), Brassica rapa (Turnip), stem of B. cauloropa
(var Gyanth gobi) and leaves and stem of B. oleraceae var capitalsa
( cabbage), B. Juncea (ryosag), Inflorescence of B. oleraceae (cauliflower)
are used as vegitables.
18. • Fatty oil yieldingplants:
Brassica compestris(mustard), B. rapa (Turnip) ,
B. napus (tori) etc used for extraction of the
oils
• spices:
B.nigra (black mustard), B. hista (white
mustard), B. Juncea(Indian mustard) are
used as spices.
• Medical Plant :
. Seedsof Iberia amara (candytuft), Rarnippa indica are use in Asthma
The flower of Cheiranthuscheiri are used to cure for curing branchitis fever,
eyes injuries.
19. • Ornamental plants:
some species are used as ornamental plant in gardens:
These are Iberis amara
Cheiranthus
Arabis
Hesperis
Lunaria
Mathiola lucana etc.