The document discusses disaster management in India, particularly focusing on floods, which are increasingly frequent due to factors such as climate change and poor river management. It outlines the causes, consequences, and various mitigation strategies for floods, emphasizing the need for preparedness and effective response measures. A case study of the Kerala floods in 2019 illustrates the impact and rescue operations involved in such natural disasters.

1. DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
FLOODS
BY: SHAMBHAVI KUMARI
CLASS: IX-’C’
R.NO: 27

2. PREFACE
• Disaster management in India refers to the conservation of lives and property during natural or
man-made disasters. Disaster management plans are multi-layered and are planned to address
issues such as floods, hurricanes, fires, mass failure of utilities, rapid spread of disease and
droughts. India is especially vulnerable to natural disasters because of its unique geo-climatic
condition, having recurrent floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes, and landslides. As India is
a very large country, different regions are vulnerable to different natural disasters ,it is
necessary for us to know the proper disaster managaement techniques before hand in order to
deal with the disasters effectively and wisely.This PowertPoint Presentation covers the natural
disaster – Flood. India has continuously suffered by many flood events which claimed huge
loss of life and economy. It has been found that the incidences of the flood are increasing
very rapidly. Causes can be climate change, cloud bursting, tsunami or poor river
management, silting etc. but devastation is increasing both in terms of lives and
economies.Therefore its very necessary to have good preparedness for this natural
calamity.

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• First of all ,I would like to acknowledge and thank the efforts which my Geography
teacher put in order to guide us and clarify all are doubts while making this project.This
project helped me in gaining a lot of information about floods , a common natural
disaster and about its necessary precautions and mitigation techniques which will surely
help me whenever need arises.Furthermore I would like to extend special thanks to my
parents who directed me in putting relevant content and also made me aware of the
various flood events of both past and present.
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5. CONTENT
⮚ INTRODUCTION
❖What is a flood ?
❖Causes
❖Flood-prone areas of India
❖Consequences
⮚DESCRIPTION
❖Precautions/Preparedness
❖Disaster Management/Mitigation techniques
⮚CASE STUDY( THE KERALA FLOODS)
⮚CONCLUSION
⮚BIBLIOGRAPHY

6. INTRODUCTION

7. WHAT ARE FLOODS?
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. Floods are an area of study in the
discipline of hydrology. They are the most common and widespread natural severe weather event.
Floods can look very different because flooding covers anything from a few inches of water to several feet. They
can also come on quickly or build gradually.
There are five types of floods. :-
❑ River Flood-occurs when water levels rise over the top of river banks
❑ Coastal Flood-inundation of normally dry land areas along the coast with seawater
❑ Storm Surge-abnormal rise in water level in coastal areas over and above the regular astronomical tide
❑ Inland Flooding- occurs inland ,not in a coastal area, due to extreme rainfall
❑ Flash Flood -begins within 6 hours, and often within 3 hours, of heavy rainfall due to a thunderstorm

8. RIVER FLOOD
COASTAL
FLOOD
FLASH
FLOOD
INLAND
FLOODING
STORM SURGES

9. CAUSES
The major causes of the floods are discussed below:-
1 )METEREOLOGICAL FACTORS: Heavy rainfall, Tropical Cyclones,
Cloud burst, Tsunamis, Melting of Ice and Snow
2 )PHYSICAL FACTORS: Large Catchment Area,
Inadequate Drainage Arrangement
3 )HUMAN FACTORS: Deforestation , Bursting Of Dams, Siltation . Faulty Agricultural
Practises , Bursting Of Dams, Accelerated Urbanisation

10. • Floods have devastating consequences and can have effects on the economy,
environment and people :-
• ECONOMIC
❑Roads, bridges ,farms, house and automobiles are destroyed
❑People become homeless
❑Lose their livelihood, especially rural people-> thereby forced to migrate
❑Additionally, the government deploys firemen, police and other emergency apparatus to
help the affected. All these comes at a heavy cost to the government and the people. It
takes years for the affected community to re-build and come back to normalcy.
CONSEQUENCES OF FLOODS

11. • ENVIRONMENT
• Chemicals and other hazardous substances end up in the water and eventually
contaminate the waterbodies that floods end up in
• In 2011, a huge tsunami hi japan and the sea water flooded a part of the coastaline .The
flooding caused high radiation in that area .
• Additionally flooding kills the animals and other insects of the area and thereby distort
the natural balance of the ecosystem

12. • PEOPLE AND ANIMALS
❑Many people and animals die in floods ,Drowning accounts for 75% of deaths
❑Many people are injured and made homeless
❑Water supply and electricity care disrupted and people struggle and suffer
❑Brings a lot of water-borne disease and infections-----military fever, pneumonic plague,
dermatophyte infection and dysentery
❑Electrified flood waters take away many lives
ADVANTAGE
❑When floods occurs in floodplains and farm fields they deposit a lot of nutrients which
are perfect for cultivating some crops

13. DESCRIPTION

14. F
L
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D
P
R
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P
A
R
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D
N
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S
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16. FLOOD MITIGATION

17. STRUCTURAL MITIGATION STRATEGIES
• Levees: A levee is an embankment constructed by engineers out of organic materials such as earth and
stone, in order to prevent the flooding from a free flowing body of water in a specific location such
as a residential community.
• Flood walls: Flood walls are constructed out of materials such as concrete or steel in order to control the flow of
flood waters and prevent the flooding of specific areas.
• Fills: A fill is an area of land dug out usually behind a levee in order to capture excess flood waters
and prevent flood damage to human structures.
• Dams: The primary purpose of this structure unlike a levee is to retain water, not to manage flood water. A dam
can produce hydroelectricity as well as regulate water levels by opening and closing the retaining doors.
• Reservoirs: The man-made lakes produced as a result of the creation of a dam which can slow the flow of the
river downstream. Furthermore, a reservoir can be used for fresh water for a community as well as a preserve
for fish and wildlife.
• Reducing bed roughness: This method of mitigation smooths the bed of the river, which allows for the river to
flow faster and reduces the likelihood of a flood.
• Altering stream channels: This strategy is similar to reducing the river bed's roughness. It additionally creates
a "V" in the river's bottom. This deepens, as well as increases, the speed of the river, reducing the risk of
flooding because the water flows away from the floodplain areas quicker.

18. • NON-STRUCTURAL MITIGATION STRATEGIES
❑Land use planning and zoning tools: Local municipalities can institute zoning laws in their comprehensive plans in
order to prevent development of residential and commercial properties in high risk flood prone areas. This planning can further
restrict where buildings can be constructed, as well as if these buildings must be flood-proofed. Flood-proofing is a process that
involves raising the foundation of the building, berms, flood walls, and/or sealant in order to prevent or reduce the damages
inflicted from flood waters. Lastly, local municipalities can impose eminent domain upon a landowner if their property has been
deemed as a high recurrence property.
❑Education: Homeowners and renters need to educate themselves before moving into a new home to determine if their home is
in a floodplain area. By identifying if one’s potential home is in a floodplain area, you can decrease your risk of being a flood victim.
❑Flood forecasting and warning methods: By using methods, such as a stream gauge, local officials can determine
whether or not a river or creek will flood based on the level of the water and how quickly it is rising.
❑Planning: By a local municipality creating a comprehensive and all hazard mitigation plan, communities can reduce the risk of
flood damages to property and life.

19. DURING A FLOOD
To reduce the water whem a flood has occured we use the following flood-control
techniques
1 Diversion canals
Floods can be controlled by redirecting excess water to purpose-built canals or floodways, which in turn divert the
water to temporary holding ponds or other bodies of water where there is a lower risk or impact to flooding.
2…..Floodplains and groundwater replenishment
Excess water can be used for groundwater replenishment by diversion onto land that can absorb the water. This
technique can reduce the impact of later droughts by using the ground as a natural reservoir. It is being used in
California, where orchards and vineyards can be flooded without damaging crops,[4] or in other places wilderness
areas have been re-engineered to act as floodplains.

20. CASE – STUDY-THE
KERALA FLOODS
• On 8 August 2019, due to heavy rainfall in the Monsoon season,
severe flood affected Kerala.
• As a security measure in the prevailing situation of heavy rains, the India Meteorological
Department had issued alerts in the state
• Thousands of people were evacuated to safer places and relief camps.
• A total of 121 people died due to rain-related incidents .

21. CAUSES
❑The extreme rains were triggered by a depression that formed in North-West Bay of
Bengal near Odisha coast. This depression strengthened monsoon currents across the
Arabian sea resulting in intense convection over Kerala and caused sudden flooding.
IMPACT
❑121 casualties
❑Over 2 lakh people were directly affected by the flood & were shifted to 1318 relief
camps in different parts of Kerala.
❑Airport authorities suspended operations of the flood-affected area
❑1,789 houses were damaged fully while the number of partially damaged houses is
14,542.

22. • RESCUE
❑Kerala's State Disaster Management Authority, Kerala police along with the Indian Air Force,
civilians, volunteers, fishermen from coastal Kerala are actively taking part in the rescue
operations in flood-affected regions.
❑83 National Disaster Response Force(NDRF) teams were deployed in addition to the 173 teams
of Army, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard to take part in the relief operations.[9]
❑Animal rescue was carried out by local NGOs and activists .Food was distributed to the starving
animals.
❑RELIEF AND MONETARY AID
❑Immediate financial aid was given to the victim families.
❑In August 2019, Public has been very generous contributing to Chief Minister's Distress
Relief Fund. As on 15 Aug 2019 at 1940 hours income is 4368.2 Cr (INR).

23. BIBLIOGRAPHY