Based on NCERT class 9 Science Chapter 7 'Diversity in Living Organisms'. Describes how the classification is being made on the category of plants, animals, fungi, microbes etc. made by Vivek Ranjan Sahoo
This is a presentation about the five kingdom system given by Robert Whittaker in 1969. The 5 kingdoms are :- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
Based on NCERT class 9 Science Chapter 7 'Diversity in Living Organisms'. Describes how the classification is being made on the category of plants, animals, fungi, microbes etc. made by Vivek Ranjan Sahoo
This is a presentation about the five kingdom system given by Robert Whittaker in 1969. The 5 kingdoms are :- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
Kingdom Monera
Bacteria
structure of Bacteria
shapes of Bacteria
reproduction in bacteria
How do Bacteria cause disease?
How can Bacteria work to our benefit?
CYNOBACTERIA
Example of cynobacteria
Cyanobacteria terminology
Actinomycetes
Streptomyces
Functions/Role of actinomycetes
Binomial System of Nomenclature is used in Taxonomy. It has been first time used consistently by Carolous Linnaeus aka Carl von Linne in his famous Species Plantarum published in 1753.
Kingdom Monera
Bacteria
structure of Bacteria
shapes of Bacteria
reproduction in bacteria
How do Bacteria cause disease?
How can Bacteria work to our benefit?
CYNOBACTERIA
Example of cynobacteria
Cyanobacteria terminology
Actinomycetes
Streptomyces
Functions/Role of actinomycetes
Binomial System of Nomenclature is used in Taxonomy. It has been first time used consistently by Carolous Linnaeus aka Carl von Linne in his famous Species Plantarum published in 1753.
contains detailed information about classification of life system
in particular three domains of classification sytem of living organism
into prokarya archea eukarya
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
6. MONERA
a. One celled organism or unicellular
organism
b. No nucleus
c. Prokaryotic
d. Smallest and simplest kind of
living being
e. Members include Bacteria.
10. FEATURES:
Most Protists are single celled but some have
many cells
The cells have a membrane around the nucleus
Some protists get nutrients and energy by
eating other organisms
Some protists get energy from the sun and
nutrients from the water
Most protist reproduce by splitting into two
14. CHARACTERISTICS
Most fungi are many celled and some are
one celled organisms
Eukaryotic
Cells of the fungi have a membrane around
nucleus
The fungi gets energy and nutrients by
absorbing and digesting from the surface
they live on
Most fungi reproduce by spores
18. CHARACTERISICS
Plants are many celled organisms
Plants cells have membrane around
the nucleus, contain chlorophyll and
have cell walls
Plants get energy from the un and
nutrients from their surroundings
Most plants reproduce from the
seeds
21. CHARACTERISTICS
Animals are many celled or multi cellular
organisms
Heterotrophic organisms
Animals cell have a membrane around
the nucleus
Animals get energy and nutrients by
eating other organisms
Animals reproduce with eggs, some
inside the mother’s body , some outside
the mother’s body
27. REFERENCE
1. Linnaeus, C. (1735). Systemae Naturae, sive regna tria naturae,
systematics proposita per classes, ordines, genera & species
2. Woese, C.R.; Kandler, O. & Wheelis, M. (1990), "Towards a natural
system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria,
and Eucarya", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
