This presentation discusses firewalls and how they work. It begins by defining a firewall as hardware, software, or a combination of both that prevents unauthorized access to private networks and computers from the internet. It then explains the differences between hardware and software firewalls and how software firewalls inspect packets of data. The presentation covers firewall rules, types of firewalls including packet filtering and application level gateways, and architectures like single-box and screened host. It concludes with testing a firewall configuration using examples of manual tests of traffic allowed or denied based on source and destination.