This document summarizes key findings from the 2016 OECD Economic Survey of Finland. It finds that reviving productivity and increasing employment are essential for Finland's economy given weak growth, rising debt, and the highest government spending in the OECD. Productivity growth has stalled across industries, though this is a common trend. Unemployment is higher in Finland than other Nordic countries. The document recommends reforms to streamline product market regulations, shift taxes, and boost cooperation between businesses and universities to increase innovation and productivity. It also suggests stepping up activation policies for unemployment benefits and reducing incentives for early retirement to raise employment.
Sweden's output has been lifted by an expanding labour force, investment and a recent pick-up in productivity.Unemployment is receding, although it remains relatively high for vulnerable groups, notably the foreign-born.
Sweden's output has been lifted by an expanding labour force, investment and a recent pick-up in productivity.Unemployment is receding, although it remains relatively high for vulnerable groups, notably the foreign-born.
Luxembourg is an advanced economy with the highest per capita income in the OECD, reflecting the dynamic services sector, notably in banking and other financial services.
Economic growth of around 7½% makes India the fastest-growing G20 economy. The acceleration of structural reforms, the move towards a rule-based policy framework and low commodity prices have provided a strong growth impetus.
Luxembourg is an advanced economy with the highest per capita income in the OECD, reflecting the dynamic services sector, notably in banking and other financial services.
Economic growth of around 7½% makes India the fastest-growing G20 economy. The acceleration of structural reforms, the move towards a rule-based policy framework and low commodity prices have provided a strong growth impetus.
A presentation of the main findings and recommendations of the OECD Economic Survey of Spain 2014 launched 8 September 2014 in Madrid, Spain.
Structural reforms (labour market, banking, fiscal) have put the economy on the road to recovery.
Recent labour market developments and reforms in OECD countriesRockwool Fonden
Director for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs in OECD Stefano Scarpettas presentation at the ROCKWOOL Foundation conference "Øget beskæftigelse kalder på reformer, der virker" in February 2018.
The presentation was recorded and is available on the Youtube channel of the ROCKWOOL Foundation.
Since 2000, the quality of life of Colombians has improved markedly. Macroeconomic and social policies have sustained strong GDP growth and reduced poverty.
The anatomy of UK labour productivity: lessons from new and existing data sources.
Philip Wales
Head of Productivity
ONS
Royal Economic Society Annual Conference
27 March 2018
OECD Skills Outlook Global Launch - Skills and Global Value ChainsEduSkills OECD
Since the 1990s, the world has entered a new phase of globalisation. Information and communication technology, trade liberalisation and lower transport costs have enabled firms and countries to fragment the production process into global value chains (GVCs). Many products are now designed in one country and assembled in another country from parts manufactured in several countries. Thirty percent of the value of exports of OECD countries comes from abroad. In this new context, GVCs and skills are more closely interrelated than ever. Skills play a key role in determining countries’ comparative advantages in GVCs. A lot of the opportunities and challenges brought about by GVCs are being affected by countries’ skills.
The OECD Skills Outlook 2017 shows how countries can make the most of global value chains, socially and economically, by investing in the skills of their populations. Applying a “whole of government” approach is crucial. Countries need to develop a consistent set of skills-related policies such as education, employment protection legislation, and migration policies, in coordination with trade and innovation policies. This report presents new analyses based on the Survey of Adult Skills and the Trade in Value Added Database. It also explains what countries would need to do to specialise in technologically advanced industries.
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Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
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Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
2. The economy is weak
2
Source: OECD Economic Outlook database.
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015
2005=100
Real GDP
Finland
Other Nordics
Euro area
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015
%
Unemployment rate
Finland
Other Nordics
Euro area
3. Export performance has fallen
3
Source: OECD Economic Outlook database.
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
2005=100% of GDP
Current account balance (lhs) Export performance (rhs)
1. Ratio of exports to export markets (trade-weighted average of trading partners' imports).
A decrease indicates a loss in export market shares.
1
4. Productivity needs to be revived and
competitiveness restored
4
Source: OECD National Accounts database.
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
1997 2001 2005 2009 2013
Level in 1997=100Level in 1997=100
Manufacturing Business services
5. Productivity in business services
has been sluggish
5
Source: OECD National Accounts database.
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
1997 2001 2005 2009 2013
1997=1001997=100 Manufacturing
Germany Denmark Finland
95
105
115
125
135
95
105
115
125
135
1997 2001 2005 2009 2013
1997=1001997=100 Business services
United Kingdom Sweden Norway
6. Boosting employment is essential
6
Source: OECD Labour Force Statistics database.
60
63
66
69
72
75
78
60
63
66
69
72
75
78
OECD Finland Denmark Sweden Norway
Employment
rate (in %, 2014)
Employment
rate (in %, 2014)
7. Key messages
o Public finances need to be consolidated at a gradual
pace to preserve the incipient recovery.
o Boosting productivity growth, by improving framework
conditions and supporting innovation, is necessary to
raise living standards and well-being for all.
o Raising employment, through further investing in
workers’ skills and enhancing labour market flexibility
and work incentives is necessary to boost inclusive
growth.
7
9. Main Findings
o Reviving productivity and increasing employment are essential to counter
a weak economy, rising public debt and the highest level of government
spending in the OECD.
o Product market regulations are restrictive in retail trade, transport and
construction.
o Start-up creation and growth of young firms are weak. Co-operation
between business and universities is successful, but on a limited scale.
9
10. Main Findings (cont.)
o Labour taxation is high.
o The combination of generous benefits, long duration and late activation of
the unemployed prolongs unemployment spells.
o Unemployment and disability benefits are the two main routes to early
retirement. A new pension scheme with a lower retirement age for those
in mentally or physically demanding jobs may have the same effect.
o The home care allowance reduces female labour force participation and
enrolment in early childhood education.
o Central wage bargaining coordinates wage increases according to the
needs of exporting industries, but reduces labour market flexibility.
o Narrow qualifications and a lack of foundation skills among vocational
education and training graduates reduce adaptability to structural change.
10
11. The Good News: Well-being remains high
11
Source: OECD Better Life Index 2015 database.
Healthstatus
Jobsandearnings
Housing
Personalsecurity
Work-lifebalance
Civicengagement
andgovernance
Income
Environmental
quality
Educationandskills
Subjectivewell-
being
Socialconnections
Countryrankings
20% top performers 60% middle performers 20% bottom performers Finland
12. The Good News: Income inequality is low
12
Source: OECD Income Distribution and Poverty database.
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
DNK
SVK
SVN
NOR
CZE
ISL
FIN
BEL
SWE
AUT
NLD
CHE
HUN
DEU
POL
KOR
LUX
IRL
FRA
CAN
AUS
ITA
NZL
ESP
EST
PRT
GRC
GBR
ISR
USA
TUR
MEX
Gini coefficient post taxes and transfers, 2012 or latest year available
14. The economy is weak
and Finland is in a worse situation
14
Source: OECD Economic Outlook database.
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015
2005=100
Real GDP
Finland
Other Nordics
Euro area
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015
%
Unemployment rate
Finland
Other Nordics
Euro area
16. Electronics and forestry pull down GDP and
weaken participation in GVCs
16
Source: OECD TiVA database.
17. Economic weakness in Russia further
depresses exports
17
Source: UN Comtrade database.
18. Falling manufacturing exports are not
compensated by services
18
Source: OECD Main Economic Indicators database.
Current account balance
19. Labour productivity growth has stalled
but this is a common trend
19
Source: OECD National Accounts database.
95
105
115
125
135
95
105
115
125
135
1997 2001 2005 2009 2013
1997=1001997=100
Denmark Finland Sweden Germany
20. Productivity in business services
has been sluggish
20
Source: OECD National Accounts database.
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
1997 2001 2005 2009 2013
1997=1001997=100 Manufacturing
Germany Denmark Finland
95
105
115
125
135
95
105
115
125
135
1997 2001 2005 2009 2013
1997=1001997=100 Business services
United Kingdom Sweden Norway
21. Wages have outpaced productivity
and Finland faces a bigger challenge
21
Source: OECD Productivity and Economic Outlook databases.
80
90
100
110
120
130
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
2007=100 Labourproductivity and wages
Labour productivity
Wage rate
80
90
100
110
120
130
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
2007=100Unit labour cost
Finland
Sweden
Germany
Euro Area
22. Employment is low
and Finland compares poorly to other Nordics
22
Source: OECD Labour Force Statistics database.
Employment rate difference to the Nordic average, 2014
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5
Percentage points
Women
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5
Age 15-19
Age 20-24
Age 25-29
Age 30-34
Age 35-39
Age 40-44
Age 45-49
Age 50-54
Age 55-59
Age 60-64
Age 65-69
Age 70-74
Percentage points
Men
23. Government spending as a share of GDP is
the highest in the OECD
23
Source: OECD Economic Outlook database.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
CHE
AUS
EST
USA
IRL
CAN
SVK
POL
LUX
CZE
ESP
GBR
DEU
ISL
NOR
NLD
PRT
GRC
SVN
HUN
ITA
AUT
SWE
BEL
DNK
FRA
FIN
% of GDP% of GDP
2014
25. Multifactor productivity in Finland:
from outstanding to under-performing
25
Source: OECD Productivity database.
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Italy
Spain
Denmark
Portugal
Belgium
New Zealand
Switzerland
Netherlands
Japan
Australia
Canada
France
Germany
United Kingdom
Austria
Sweden
Ireland
Finland
United States
Korea
Average annual growth, %
1997-2007
2007-2013
26. Catching up with the frontier:
Finland has better framework conditions than most
26
Source: Saia, A., et al. (2015), "Productivity Spillovers from the Global Frontier and Public Policy:
Industry-Level Evidence", OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1238.
27. Labour market matching
Finland could do better on market regulations
27
Source: Adalet McGowan, M and D. Andrews (2015), “Skill mismatch and public policy in OECD
countries”, OECD Economics Department Working Paper, No. 1210.
28. Product market regulations
Finland could do better; but about on par with other Nordics
28
Source: OECD Product Market Regulation database.
2013
29. Regulation tightness varies across sectors
Finland more regulated than best performer
29
Source: OECD Product Market Regulation database.
2013
Intl trade e-commerce
30. Young SMEs and job creation
Finland situation needs to improve
30
Source: Criscuolo, Gal and Menon (2014).
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
ESP NZL HUN PRT LUX NLD AUT ITA FRA BEL CAN SWE GBR NOR USA JPN FIN
%%
2001-2011
31. Business and government R&D
Finland is scaling down; others are scaling up
31Source: OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators database and Statistics Finland.
90
100
110
120
130
90
100
110
120
130
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
2007=1002007=100
Gross expenditure on R&D (constant USD PPP)
Germany OECD Sweden Finland
80
90
100
110
120
80
90
100
110
120
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
2007=1002007=100 Government-funded R&D in Finland
Total government R&D Universities Tekes
32. Key Recommendations on structural reforms
and innovation policies to boost productivity
Streamline regulations in retail trade, transport and construction.
Shift taxes towards recurrent taxes on personal immovable
property and indirect taxes.
Reinforce co-operation between companies, particularly start-ups,
and universities.
32
37. Disability and unemployment benefits
Promote early retirement; new policy opens new route
37
Source: Finnish Centre for Pensions database.
New retirees aged 50+ by type of pension
39. A generous home-care allowance
reduces work incentives of young women
39
Source: OECD Survey of Adult Skills, 2012.
Employment by gender, age and literacy proficiency
40. Foundation skills are relatively low for
vocational education and training graduates
40
Source: Pareliussen, J. (2016), “Age, Skills and Labour Market Outcomes in Finland”,
OECD Economics Department Working Papers, forthcoming.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Vocational Academic Vocational Academic
Upper secondary Tertiary
PIIAC score pointsPIAAC score points
Literacy skills premium from education beyond lower secondary, 2012
41. Key Recommendations to increase
employment and enhance skills
Reduce taxes on labour.
Reduce the duration of the home-care allowance.
Increase tapering of unemployment benefits and combine with
early and systematic job-search and reporting.
Phase out the unemployment tunnel, tighten disability pensions
and limit the new special pension scheme for those in
demanding jobs.
Strengthen the state mediator and local unions to raise local
flexibility in wage setting, without compromising competitiveness.
Strengthen foundation skills in vocational education and training.
41
42. Meeting the Fiscal Challenge
42
Source: OECD Calculations.
Gross government debt scenarios
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
50
100
150
200
250
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060
% of GDP% of GDP
No policy action Pension reform
Structural reforms Fiscal consolidation (€4bn 2016-19)
43. More Information…
www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-finland.htm
Disclaimers:
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without
prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers
and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.
43
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