This document summarizes the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of Australia. It finds that while Australia's macroeconomic policies are sound and incomes are rising, productivity growth has slowed due to declining commodity prices. Inequality has also risen in Australia. To address these challenges, the survey recommends boosting innovation through improving business conditions, strengthening R&D, and encouraging collaboration between businesses and research institutions. It also stresses the need to continue addressing high housing costs and widening income inequalities.