This document is the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of New Zealand. It finds that while New Zealand's well-being and economic growth are high, productivity growth is low and labor productivity continues to lag compared to other advanced economies. It provides several key policy recommendations to boost productivity growth, make economic growth more sustainable, and help workers and businesses adapt to changes in the labor market.
Sweden's output has been lifted by an expanding labour force, investment and a recent pick-up in productivity.Unemployment is receding, although it remains relatively high for vulnerable groups, notably the foreign-born.
Sweden's output has been lifted by an expanding labour force, investment and a recent pick-up in productivity.Unemployment is receding, although it remains relatively high for vulnerable groups, notably the foreign-born.
Economic growth of around 7½% makes India the fastest-growing G20 economy. The acceleration of structural reforms, the move towards a rule-based policy framework and low commodity prices have provided a strong growth impetus.
Luxembourg is an advanced economy with the highest per capita income in the OECD, reflecting the dynamic services sector, notably in banking and other financial services.
Economic growth of around 7½% makes India the fastest-growing G20 economy. The acceleration of structural reforms, the move towards a rule-based policy framework and low commodity prices have provided a strong growth impetus.
Luxembourg is an advanced economy with the highest per capita income in the OECD, reflecting the dynamic services sector, notably in banking and other financial services.
Making globalisation work for all: Policy responses and the role of multilate...OECD Berlin Centre
Präsentation des OECD-Generalsekretärs Angel Gurría anlässlich des Treffens der Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel mit den Leiterinnen und Leitern der Internationalen Organisationen in Berlin, 12. Juni 2018
While growth has picked up, more needs to be done for Japan to overcome two key challenges – a record high government debt ratio and an accelerating decline in its working-age
population.
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network #pi coins #legit #passive income
#US
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
3. Economic growth is strong but less so in per
capita terms
3
1. Real GDI equals real GDP adjusted for changes in the terms of trade.
Source: OECD June 2017 Economic Outlook database; OECD Income Distribution database.
4. Unemployment is low
4
1. Four-quarter moving average series.
Source: OECD, Labour Force Statistics database.
6. House prices are high relative to incomes
6
Source: OECD, Housing Prices database.
7. Labour productivity growth is low
7
1. 1996-2015 for Austria; 1995-2014 for Australia, Ireland, Japan, Portugal and Spain.
2. Average of the 20 countries for which data are available.
Source: OECD (2017), Productivity database; OECD (2017), Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth 2017.
8. Labour productivity continues to lag
8
1. Population-weighted average for the top 17 OECD countries for labour productivity, calculated using 2010
purchasing power parity exchange rates.
Source: OECD (2017), Productivity database; OECD (2017), Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth 2017.
9. Non-residential investment per capita is low
9
1. Data for gross non-residential capital formation are in current prices and were converted into a common currency using
2010 purchasing power parity exchange rates. The labour force includes only people aged 15-64. Data for the OECD
exclude Chile, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Latvia, Luxembourg, Mexico, Norway,
the Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Turkey.
2. Excluding investment related to the Canterbury earthquake rebuild.
Source: OECD, Economic Outlook and Labour Force Statistics databases; A. Wood et al. (2016), 'The Canterbury
Rebuild Five Years on from the Christchurch Earthquake', RBNZ Bulletin, Vol. 79, No. 3, February.
10. NZ employment is shifting to high-skilled
occupations
10
Source: M. Handel (2012), Trends in Job Skill Demands in OECD Countries, OECD Social, Employment and Migration
Working Papers, No. 143; Statistics New Zealand, 2013 Census QuickStats about work and unpaid activities, Table 11.
11. Automation potential in New Zealand is greatest for
low-skilled workers
Share of workers in jobs at high risk of automation,¹ 2015
11
1. Workers are at high risk of automation if at least 70% of their tasks are automatable.
Source: OECD calculations based on the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) (2015); M. Arntz et al. (2016), 'The Risk of
Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis', OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working
Papers, No. 189, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jlz9h56dvq7-en.
12. New Zealanders have high problem-solving
skills in technology-rich environments
12
1. For the exact year of reference of the data, see footnote 2 in Figure 24. Data indicated as Belgium correspond to
Flanders; GBR1 = England and GBR2 = Northern Ireland.
Source: OECD (2016), Skills Matter: Further Results from the Survey of Adult Skills, Table A2.6; OECD Survey of Adult
Skills (PIAAC) database (2012 and 2015).
13. Tertiary education attainment is below the
OECD average
13
Source: OECD (2016), Education at a Glance 2016: OECD Indicators, Table A1.3.
14. Many NZ workers are overqualified for their jobs
Percentage of mismatched workers,¹ by type of mismatch, 2012 and 2015²
14
1. Qualifications mismatch occurs when a worker has a higher or lower level of qualification than is required for his/her job.
Field-of-study mismatch occurs when a worker has a qualification in a different field than required for his/her job.
2. For the exact year of reference of the data, see footnote 2 in Figure 24. Data indicated as Belgium correspond to
Flanders; GBR1 = England and GBR2 = Northern Ireland.
Source: OECD (2016), Skills Matter: Further Results from the Survey of Adult Skills, Figure 5.7; OECD Survey of
Adult Skills (PIAAC) database (2012 and 2015).
16. 16
Household indebtedness is high
1. Including debt on rental properties.
Source: Reserve Bank of New Zealand, Statistics on Households.
Add a debt-to-income limit to the Reserve Bank’s macro-prudential toolkit, so long as benefits exceed
costs.
17. 17
GHG emissions per capita are high
Source: OECD (2017), OECD Environment Statistics database.
Increase the price of carbon to a level consistent with New Zealand’s intended transition to a low
carbon economy.
Adopt alternative pricing or regulatory measures to reduce regulatory emissions.
Support research in new mitigation technologies, especially for farming.
18. 18
Pollution from dairy farming is reducing
water quality
1. Kg of nitrogen per hectare of total agricultural land. The gross nitrogen balance calculates the difference between the nitrogen inputs entering a farming
system (i.e. mainly livestock manure and fertilisers) and the nitrogen outputs leaving the system (i.e. the uptake of nitrogen for crop and pasture production).
Source: OECD/Eurostat Agri-Environmental Indicators Database; OECD Aglink database, www.agri-outlook.org; Statistics New Zealand; UK-Milk
Development Council - LTO NEDERLAND.
Introduce pollution charges or cap-and-trade measures.
Expand water trading and pricing to ensure scarce water goes to its best use.
19. Other key recommendations to make growth
more sustainable and greener
o Gradually reduce net public debt in line with the government’s fiscal
strategy. Increase spending that enhances well-being and reduces taxes
within the constraints of this strategy.
o Bring forward the planned increase in the age of eligibility for public
pensions, lengthen the transition period, and then index the pension age
to life expectancy.
o Intensify the protection of threatened species by continuing to develop a
National Policy Statement on biodiversity.
19
21. Inward FDI is low for a small country
As a percentage of GDP, 2016 or latest available data
21
Source: OECD, Foreign Direct Investment database.
Progressively narrow screening of foreign direct investment.
Continue to reduce compliance costs and boost predictability for investors.
22. The effective marginal corporate tax rate is high
22
Source: Oxford University Centre for Business Taxation, CBT tax database.
Undertake a tax review that considers corporate and personal income tax settings and potential new
tax bases.
23. House prices have soared in Auckland, limiting
agglomeration economies
23
Source: Real Estate Institute of New Zealand.
Enhance councils’ incentives to accommodate growth, for example by sharing a tax base linked to
local economic activity.
Apply user charging more broadly for infrastructure, including congestion charging.
24. Expenditure on R&D is low
2015 or latest year available
24
Source: Statistics New Zealand; OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators database, http://oe.cd/msti.
Increase fiscal support for business research and development.
Maintain or increase long-term support for successful collaboration between research institutions and
industry.
25. Other key recommendations to increase
productivity
o To strengthen competition, consider refocusing competition law on the
effects of potentially anti-competitive conduct, as opposed to its intent,
and provide the Commerce Commission with the power and resources to
undertake market studies.
25
27. PISA scores have fallen, especially in mathematics
27
Source: OECD, PISA Results, various years; S. May, J. Flockton and S. Kirkham (2016), PISA 2015 - New
Zealand Summary Report, Ministry of Education.
Improve mathematics teaching by supporting professional development and evidence-informed
teaching and raising initial teacher education quality and entry standards.
Review minimum numeracy requirements for school qualifications and the minimum education
required by all school leavers.
Help schools to make more effective use of ability grouping strategies.
28. Most over-qualified workers are also field-of-study
mismatched, 2012 and 2015¹
28
1. For the exact year of reference of the data, see footnote 2 in Figure 2.8. Data indicated as Belgium
correspond to Flanders; GBR1 = England and GBR2 = Northern Ireland.
Source: OECD (2016), Skills Matter: Further Results from the Survey of Adult Skills, Figures 5.8a & 5.8b; OECD
Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) database.
Merge Careers New Zealand into the Tertiary Education Commission to increase the extent to which
young people choose study fields in demand and tertiary institutions adapt their programmes to
employer requirements.
29. Many NZ workers are skill-mismatched for their
jobs, reducing productivity
29
Source: M. Adalet McGowan and D. Andrews (2017), 'Skills Mismatch, Productivity and Policies in New Zealand:
Evidence from PIAAC', OECD Economics Department Working Papers (forthcoming); OECD calculations based
on the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) (2012 and 2015).
0
4
8
12
16
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
POL
CAN
BEL
SWE
USA
FRA
NLD
DNK
JPN
FIN
EST
KOR
GBR
SVN
NOR
SVK
TUR
AUS
DEU
ISR
AUT
NZL
IRL
CZE
LTU
ESP
ITA
GRC
CHL
Share of workers with skill mismatch (%, LHS)
Gains to labour productivity from reducing skill mismatch (%, RHS)
Ease housing supply restrictions – inadequate infrastructure and urban planning laws - to improve
the allocation of workers to jobs.
30. Greater support for displaced workers could
reduce layoff costs they face
o More workers are likely to be displaced in future as a result of technical
change.
o Stock of displaced workers is 1.1% of workforce, similar to other OECD
countries, but re-employment rate after two years is high.
o Most do not qualify for the means-tested unemployment benefit, half do
not receive redundancy pay and few benefit from activation measures.
o Displaced workers incur larger earnings losses when re-employed in New
Zealand than in most other countries.
So:
o Consider introducing unemployment insurance, or alternatively longer
notice periods and mandatory notification of layoffs.
o Consider expanding training, guidance and counselling for displaced
workers.
30
31. More Information…
Disclaimers:
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of
the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries
and to the name of any territory, city or area.
www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-new-zealand.htm
@OECDeconomy
@OECD