Since 2000, the quality of life of Colombians has improved markedly. Macroeconomic and social policies have sustained strong GDP growth and reduced poverty.
Following years of unsustainable economic policies, Argentina has undertaken ambitious reforms. Further wide-ranging structural reforms are needed to respond to challenges still lying ahead. Protecting the poor and ensuring that growth is inclusive and sustainable are key priorities.
Following years of unsustainable economic policies, Argentina has undertaken ambitious reforms. Further wide-ranging structural reforms are needed to respond to challenges still lying ahead. Protecting the poor and ensuring that growth is inclusive and sustainable are key priorities.
Luxembourg is an advanced economy with the highest per capita income in the OECD, reflecting the dynamic services sector, notably in banking and other financial services.
Economic growth of around 7½% makes India the fastest-growing G20 economy. The acceleration of structural reforms, the move towards a rule-based policy framework and low commodity prices have provided a strong growth impetus.
Sweden's output has been lifted by an expanding labour force, investment and a recent pick-up in productivity.Unemployment is receding, although it remains relatively high for vulnerable groups, notably the foreign-born.
Portugal has undertaken an ambitious structural reform programme since 2011. Reforms have spanned across a wide range of policy areas, product markets, labour markets, taxes, regulations and the public sector.
Luxembourg is an advanced economy with the highest per capita income in the OECD, reflecting the dynamic services sector, notably in banking and other financial services.
Economic growth of around 7½% makes India the fastest-growing G20 economy. The acceleration of structural reforms, the move towards a rule-based policy framework and low commodity prices have provided a strong growth impetus.
Sweden's output has been lifted by an expanding labour force, investment and a recent pick-up in productivity.Unemployment is receding, although it remains relatively high for vulnerable groups, notably the foreign-born.
Portugal has undertaken an ambitious structural reform programme since 2011. Reforms have spanned across a wide range of policy areas, product markets, labour markets, taxes, regulations and the public sector.
Boosting private investment for growth and competitiveness in Argentina. A view from the OECD
OECD EMnet Business Meeting on Latin America
Buenos Aires, 14 November 2017
Presentation by OECD Chief Economist, Laurence Boone, on Inclusive Growth at the farewell conference in honor of Governor Karnit Flug, The Van Leer Institute in Jerusalem, 4 November 2018
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
1. OECD ECONOMIC SURVEY
OF COLOMBIA 2017
Boosting inclusive growth
25 May 2017, Bogota
@OECDeconomy
@OECD
www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-colombia.htm
2. Main findings
The economy has been resilient to the fall in commodity prices
Raising productivity and making growth more inclusive are key to lifting
living standards
A solid macroeconomic policy framework sustained growth
The landmark 2016 tax reform will boost investment and reduce the
dependence on oil revenues
Reforms to strengthen the business environment and the quality of
education, to reduce informality and increase women’s work
opportunities would raise productivity and reduce income disparities
3. Living standards have improved
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators database.
4. Poverty has declined
Source: DANE, Encuesta Continua de Hogares (2002-2005) y Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares
(2008-2015).
5. Growth has been robust
Source: OECD Productivity Statistics database.
6. The shock to the terms of trade was large
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
Q1 2007 Q1 2008 Q1 2009 Q1 2010 Q1 2011 Q1 2012 Q1 2013 Q1 2014 Q1 2015 Q1 2016
Index, 2007=100Index, 2007=100
LAC-4 Colombia
Note: LAC-4 refers to the unweighted average of values for Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. Series calculated
as a 4-quarter centred moving average.
Source: OECD Economics Department database.
8. Inflation is coming down
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Y-o-y % changesY-o-y % changes
Inflation target range
Inflation Core Inflation Inflation expectations 12-months forward
Source: OECD Economics Department database and Banco de la República.
9. The tax reform is a step in the right direction but
more revenue is needed
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
IRL
LVA
SVN
CZE
HUN
POL
EST
FIN
ISL
TUR
GBR
CHE
DNK
SVK
SWE
CHL
KOR
AUT
ISR
NLD
NOR
ESP
CAN
NZL
GRC
LUX
PRT
JPN
AUS
MEX
DEU
ITA
COL**
BEL
FRA
USA
COL*
%
%
Statutory corporate income tax rates as of 2016
Note: *COL refers to 2017 and **COL refers to 2019.
Source: OECD Tax database.
10. Key recommendations
Further improve macroeconomic resiliency
• Raise more revenue in the medium term.
• Approve the law awarding the financial
superintendence regulatory powers over
holding companies of financial
conglomerates.
12. Informality is high
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
CHL CHN BRA TUR CRI ZAF ARG COL MEX
% A. Employees
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
CRI MEX ZAF COL ARG
%B. Self-employed
2013 or latest available year
Note: Informality among employees is defined as the share of employees not contributing to the pension system.
Informality among self-employed is defined as the share of self-employed who did not register their business.
Source: OECD (2016).
14. Formal workers earn much higher wages
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Thousands
Formal workers Informal workers Average worker
Gross earnings in thousands of Colombian pesos, 2008-13
Note: Formal workers are employees and self-employed people aged 15-64 who pay pension contributions.
Source: OECD calculations based on GEIH of DANE.
15. Tax reforms have helped the formal job creation
-5
0
5
10
15
-5
0
5
10
15
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Y-o-y % changesY-o-y % changes
Job creation at national level, annual changes
Abolition health care contribution employers
Abolition payroll taxesFormalisation and Job Creation Law
Informal Formal
Note: Formal job creation is defined as the year-to-year change in the number of workers (including
employees and self-employed) contributing to the pension system.
Source: OECD calculation based on GEIH data sourced from DANE.
16. The female employment to population ratio is
below the OECD average
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
ISL
SWI
SWE
NOR
DNK
DEU
CAN
NLD
NZL
GBR
EST
FIN
AUT
AUS
LTV
JPN
ISR
USA
CZE
PRT
SVN
LUX
FRA
OECD
BEL
HUN
IRL
POL
COL
SVK
KOR
ESP
CHL
ITA
MEX
GRE
TUR
%%
Employment to population ratio of women aged 15-64, 2015
Source: OECD Labour Force Statistics database.
17. The gender gap is declining, but still high
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
% points CHL MEX OECD COL
Male minus female employment to population ratios, in percentage points
Source: OECD Labour Force Statistics database.
18. Key recommendations to create better quality jobs
• Further reduce taxes and fees on wages (non-wage
labour costs).
• Simplify procedures for company registration and the
affiliation of workers to social security.
• Ensure the provision of affordable, good-quality child
care and affordable long-term care for elderly relatives or
those with disabilities.
• Expand access to and make greater use of active labour-
market programmes.
20. Productivity is too low to support growth
0
20
40
60
80
0
20
40
60
80
OECD EU CHL MEX BRA COL CHN IND
%
%
GDP per person employed, as percentage of the US, constant 2010 PPPs, 2015
Source: OECD Productivity Statistics database.
21. Income inequality remains high
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
DNK
ISL
NOR
CZE
FIN
SVK
SVN
SWE
AUT
NLD
BEL
FRA
LUX
CHE
DEU
HUN
IRL
POL
GBR
NZL
AUS
CAN
ITA
KOR
PRT
LVA
GRC
JPN
ESP
EST
ISR
TUR
USA
MEX
CHL
CRI
COL
P90/P10 ratio, 2014 or latest available year
Note: The P90/P10 ratio is the ratio of income of the 10% of people with highest income to that of the
poorest 10%.
Source: OECD (2016), OECD Employment Outlook.
22. Many students do not attain basic skills
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
SGP
JPN
EST
FIN
CAN
HGK
KOR
NZL
SVN
AUS
GBR
DEU
NLD
CHE
IRL
BEL
DNK
POL
PRT
NOR
USA
AUT
FRA
SWE
OECD
CZE
ESP
LVA
LUX
ITA
HUN
ARG
ISL
ISR
SVK
GRC
CHL
URU
ROM
TUR
CRI
COL
MEX
IDN
Student performance in sciences
Mean science score in PISA, 2015
Source: OECD, PISA 2015 Database.
23. Improving skills will boost growth
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
EST
KOR
FIN
JPN
POL
CAN
NLD
CHE
DEU
IRL
SVN
AUS
DNK
GBR
USA
CZE
AUT
PRT
BEL
NOR
ESP
NZL
OE…
HUN
ISL
LUX
SWE
FRA
ITA
SVK
GRC
ROU
ISR
CHL
TUR
CRI
MEX
MNE
URY
ARG
BRA
COL
PER
% points% points Long-run growth increase
Note: "Long-run growth increase" refers to increase in annual growth rate (in percentage points) once the whole
labour force has reached higher level of educational achievement.
Source: OECD (2015), Universal Basic Skills: What Countries Stand to Gain, OECD Publishing.
24. Few students enrol in professional and
technical degrees
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
ZAF
BRA
COL
GBR
KOR
LAC
JPN
ARG
NZL
THA
OECD
HUN
IRL
MEX
CRI
RUS
GRC
ESP
IDN
DEU
ISR
EST
FRA
CHN
ISL
CHL
TUR
PRT
DNK
SWE
NOR
LUX
FIN
SVK
CHE
AUS
SVN
ITA
CZE
BEL
AUT
NLD
%%
Percentage of students in secondary education enrolled in vocational programmes
Percentage of students in tertiary education enrolled in technical programmes
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Data for 2012.
25. Skill mismatches remain high
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
High School Dimploma or less Technical degree Bachelor's degree Graduate degree
%%
Composition of labour supply and demand by level of education in Colombia
Supply Demand
Source: Colombian Atlas of Economic Complexity (Lora, 2015).
26. The education system could do more to
promote social mobility
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
JPN
EST
FIN
KOR
ESP
CAN
PRT
GBR
LVA
SVN
POL
DEU
AUS
USA
NLD
NZL
IRL
OECD
CHE
DNK
BEL
FRA
ITA
NOR
AUT
CZE
SWE
TUR
LUX
HUN
GRC
SVK
ISL
ISR
ARG
CHL
URY
MEX
COL
CRI
BRA
PER
%%
Share of resilient students across OECD and LAC countries
As a percentage of all students
Note: A student is classified as resilient if he or she is in the bottom quarter of the PISA index of economic, social
and cultural status in the country/economy of assessment and performs in the top quarter of students among all
countries/economies, after accounting for socio-economic status.
Source: OECD, PISA 2015 Database, Table I.6.7.
27. Key recommendations to enhance the quality and
outcomes of education
• Provide more public support to skills training in regions
lagging behind.
• Establish a national curriculum for school education and
professionalise teachers’ careers.
• Provide more public support to increase enrolment rates
of disadvantaged children in less developed regions.
• Expand early childhood education.
30. The quality of infrastructure needs to be
improved
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
FIN
BEL
ESP
DNK
NZL
USA
NOR
DEU
GBR
SWE
CAN
PRT
JPN
KOR
IRL
LVA
FRA
OECD
CHL
LUX
AUS
SVN
CHE
ZAF
GRC
CHN
ITA
TUR
AUS
MEX
CZE
IND
IDN
POL
HUN
ISR
COL
SVK
CRI
BRA
IndexIndex
Ports
Note: Index scale 1-7, from lowest to highest quality.
Source: World Economic Forum (2015).
31. Business regulation remains restrictive
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
ScopeofSOEs
Gov'tinvolvement
innetworksectors
Directcontrol
Governance
ofSOEs
Involvementin
businessoperation
Pricecontrols
Commandand
controlregulation
Licensesand
permitssystem
Comm.and
simplification
Admin.burdens
forcorporations
Admin.burdens
forsolepropr.firms
Barriersin
servicessectors
Legalbarriers
toentry
Antitrust
exemptions
Barriersin
networksectors
BarrierstoFDI
Tariffbarriers
Diff.treatment
offoreignsuppl.
Barriersto
tradefacilitation
IndexIndex
OECD average Colombia
State Control Barriers to entrepreneurship Barriers to trade and
investment
Product market restrictiveness, 2013
Note: Index scale 0-6, from least to most stringent.
Source: OECD, Product Market Regulation Database.
32. Regulation is restrictive in the electricity,
transport and railway sectors
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
AUS
CRI
BRA
CAN
ISR
PER
CHE
ARG
AUT
DNK
FIN
DEU
IRL
JPN
LUX
MEX
NZL
NOR
SVK
SWE
GBR
OECD
HUN
BEL
CZE
EST
ISL
KOR
NLD
POL
PRT
SVN
ESP
CHL
GRC
COL
FRA
TUR
ITA
IndexIndex
Road
Note: Index scale 0-6, from least to most stringent.
Source: OECD, Product Market Regulation Database.
33. The court system is slow to resolve
commercial disputes
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
NZL
KOR
NOR
RUS
LUX
SWE
JPN
FIN
MEX
CHE
AUS
FRA
HUN
AUT
DNK
ISL
USA
EST
PER
DEU
GBR
CHN
LVA
IDN
CHL
BEL
ESP
NLD
OECD
PRT
CAN
TUR
ECU
ARG
PRY
VEN
CZE
IRL
POL
PAN
SVK
URY
BRA
CRI
ISR
ITA
SVN
COL
IND
GRC
DaysDays
Time required to enforce a contract, 2014-15
Source: World Bank, Doing Business Database, 2015.
34. Key recommendations to boost infrastructure
investment and improve the business framework
• Sustain the increase in public investment.
• Finance more infrastructure programmes on a regional basis.
• Implement the road infrastructure program (4G) and
guarantee that Private-Public-Partnerships continue to have
proper cost-benefit analysis.
• Remove regulations on public ownership and vertical integration in
electricity, vertical integration and market structure in rail.
• Introduce a court or a division of a court dedicated solely to
commercial cases and facilitate case management through electronic
case management tools.
35. Disclaimers:
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such
data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West
Bank under the terms of international law.
This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the
delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.
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www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-colombia.htm
OECD Economics
OECD
Editor's Notes
Slide 1: I crafted all the bullet points by combining the titles of key recommendations to make sentences.