This document describes a student project to design and build a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). It provides background on wind energy and different types of wind turbines. It then details the design and construction process for the VAWT, including conceptual designs, fabrication of blades and supports, and testing specifications. The summary concludes that VAWTs provide an efficient and low-cost way to harness wind power for small-scale energy production.

1. RAYAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
RAILMAJRA, ROPAR (PUNJAB)
VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
Project by:
Niramoy Ganguly
(6281113497)
Jatin Singh
(6281113488)
Hardeep Singh
(6281113479)
Puneet Meelu
(6281113501)
Teacher Incharge:
Mr. M.K. SIngla
Mr. Jujhar Singh

3. WIND ENERGY
 Wind energy is a converted form of solar energy.
 The sun's radiation heats different parts of the
earth at different rates-most notably during the
day and night, but also when different surfaces
(for example, water and land) absorb or reflect at
different rates.
 This in turn causes portions of the atmosphere to
warm differently.
 Hot air rises, reducing the atmospheric pressure
at the earth's surface, and cooler air is drawn in
to replace it.
 The result is wind.

4. WIND TURBINES
• Wind turbines are a rotating machine that will spin
and convert kinetic energy from the rotation in the
wind into mechanical energy or electricity to use to
power your house or anything else.
• There are various type of wind turbines these days.
• If they power machines directly such as a well pump
then they are considered wind mills.
• If the energy produced is instead converted to
electricity then the source is considered a wind
turbine or wind generator.
• Wind Turbines have subcategories like
 Horizontal Wind Turbines
 Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

5. HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND
TURBINE
 HAWT have the main rotor shaft and electrical
generator at the top of a tower
 must be pointed into the wind.
 Small turbines are pointed by a simple wind
vane, while large turbines generally use a wind
sensor coupled with a servo motor.

6. VERTICAL-AXIS WIND TURBINES
 Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT) use rotors
that run vertically.
 Three well-known types of VAWTs are the
1. Darrieus Wind Turbine - a model that collects
wind in cups dragging a turbine around,
and that looks much like a 'giant
eggbeater
2. Giromill Wind Turbine - a subtype of
Darrieus turbine with straight, as opposed
to curved, blades.
3. Savonius Wind Turbine - a dragtype devise
consisting of two or three scoops causing a turbine to
spin,

7. DARRIEUS WIND TURBINES

8. GIROMILL WIND TURBINE

9. SAVONIOUS WIND TURBINE

10. ADVANTAGES

11. ADVANTAGES
 You may place the generator, gearbox etc. on the
ground, and you may not need a tower for the
machine.
 You do not need a yaw mechanism to turn the rotor
against the wind.
 A VAWT can be located nearer the ground, making it
easier to maintain the moving parts.
 VAWTs can operate with winds from all directions
 VAWTs have lower wind startup speeds than HAWTs.
 VAWTs may be built at locations where taller
structures are prohibited.

12. ADVANTAGES
 VAWTs may be built at locations where taller
structures are prohibited.
 VAWTs situated close to the ground can take
advantage of locations where hilltops,
ridgelines, and passes funnel the wind and
increase wind velocity.
 VAWTs may have a lower noise signature.
 The installation cost is far lesser as
compared to so both HAWT and Solar Power
systems.
 Since the system is vertically standing up,
the occupied surface area is smaller
compared to HAWT and much smaller than
Solar Power panels.

14. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
SOLAR POWER AND WIND POWER
Solar Power Wind Power
For the average domestic system, costs
can be around Rs 3,60,000- Rs
5,40,000 per kW installed
Systems up to 1kW will cost around
Rs 1,08,000
A larger area is required for the same
amount of power generation
A smaller area is needed for the same
amount of power generation
Requires a whole day of clear skies for
the system to work efficiently
Not affected by the type of day as it
operates in low wind speeds
Solar-based power currently costs over
Rs 15 per KWh
Wind-based power costs around
Rs 3 – 4 per KWh

15. THE MAKING OF VAWT

16. MATERIALS
 1 bicycle rims - 22 inch
 0.3 Galvanized metal sheet (for making the
turbines)
 1 Alternator
 Angle Iron M.S. (10 feet or 120 inch) – 40*2 mm
 Angle Iron M.S. (15 feet or 180 inch) – 20*2 mm
 Rope belt - length dependant on setup (79 ")

17. FIRST PHASE
( CONCEPTUAL DESIGNING WITH CATIA &
AUTOCAD)

18. FIRST PHASE
( CONCEPTUAL DESIGNING WITH CATIA &
AUTOCAD)
Schismatic layout for cutting of the Galvanized Sheet

19. SECOND PHASE
( FABRICATION OF BLADES AND THE
TURBINE)

20. SECOND PHASE
( FABRICATION OF BLADES AND THE
TURBINE)

21. THIRD PHASE
( FABRICATION OF THE SUPPORT
BASE)

22. THIRD PHASE
( FABRICATION OF THE SUPPORT
BASE)

23. FOURTH PHASE
(REDESIGNING THE BASE)

24. FOURTH PHASE
(REDESIGNING THE BASE)

25. FIFTH PHASE
( FABRICATION OF THE BASE
PULLEY)

26. SIXTH PHASE
( FABRICATION OF EXTERNAL
FRAME)

27. ENERGY PRODUCTION
SPECIFICATIONS
Rotor size: 42.5 mm D x 170 mm L.
Operational Voltage 12V DC (connected to battery)
Power Rating.
 10 mph (4.5 m /s) = 0.75 A x 12V = 8 Watts
 20 mph (9.0 m /s) = 3.0 A x 12V = 36 Watts
 30 mph (13.5 m /s) = 5 A x 12V = 60 Watts

28. ENERGY PRODUCTION
SPECIFICATIONS
12V Charge rate per 24 hours
 10 mph (4.5 m /s) = 0.75 A x 24 hours = 18 Ah
 20 mph (9.0 m /s) = 3.0 A x 24 hours = 72 Ah
 30 mph (13.5 m /s) = 5 A x 24 hours = 120 Ah
 This can vary due to size and condition of battery

29. PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
 Considering the input involved in the making of
VAWT, it can be easily constructed and put to
use at home.
 As we have seen the cost involved in its making,
it proves to be cheaper than tapping any other
non-conventional source of energy, hence proving
it to be the future of power generation.
 The only trouble in its successful application
across the globe is ‘Constant Wind Velocity’.
 So practically speaking, this turbine would
efficiently in those areas which have constant
wind flow, be it at any velocity. Intermittent
wind flow will reduce its efficiency.

30. CHIEF AREAS WHERE ITS
INSTALLATION AND WORKING
WOULD BE EFFICIENT
 Coastal Areas
 Deserts
 Open Fields
 Farms
 Hilly Areas
 Polar Regions
 High stories buildings in cities, etc.
As these regions have constant wind velocity
almost all throughout the year, so this turbine
would work efficiently.

31. CONCLUSION
 The project “Vertical Axis Wind Turbine” is easy to
implement in normal house hold and industrial
application.
 From the project it can be concluded that wind
turbines have a large base of applications in power
production.
 Wind power is an untapped resource and it can easily
suffice our power needs in the coming future
 As we already concluded that power production using
wind energy costs much cheaper at Rs. 5 per KWh as
compared to solar energy ( above Rs. 15 per KWh).
 So wind energy can be easily regarded as a cheap and
efficient energy source of the future

32. CONCLUSION
 Here we have developed a mode which is capable
of producing enough mechanical power required
to generate electricity using an alternator.
 This is just the miniature version of turbines
which are used for heavy power generation.
 Our project aims at introducing the new concept
of tapping this wind energy in an easy efficient
and unconventional way