Until we know that large wind turbines/mills to generate electricity. But the technology advanced such that these wind turbines came to our home for our domestical use. In this ppt I discussed about new small residential wind turbines by which we can reduce our electrical bills and more. Have a look!
This is enegy taken from the natural air!
Can you believe electricity being created because of air!
It is practiced on heights or near sea's.
Go ahead and enjoy!
Wind power or wind energy is the use of wind to provide the mechanical power through wind turbines to turn electric generators and traditionally to do other work, like milling or pumping. Wind power is a sustainable and renewable energy, and has a much smaller impact on the environment compared to burning fossil fuels.
An alternate and eco-friendly energy source with a detailed explanation of types of turbines, their components along with the type of generator used, different wind farms, and production in India along with advantages and disadvantages.
Read more about it at:
http://windturbinesllc.blogspot.com/
http://knol.google.com/k/wind-turbines/-/25fjwptfb1ke6/0#knols
Connect with us!
http://twitter.com/windturbinesnet
http://www.facebook.com/windturbines.net
Hybrid power generation by and solar –windUday Wankar
With the development of industry and
agriculture, a great amount of energy such as coal, oil
and gas has been consumed in the world. Extensive
use of these fossil energies deteriorates a series of
problems like energy crisis, environmental pollution
and so on. Everybody knows that the fossil energy
reserves are finite, some day it will be exhausted.
It is possible that the world will face a
global energy crisis due to a decline in the
availability of cheap oil and recommendations to a
decreasing dependency on fossil fuel. This has led to
increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research
such as fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, biodiesel,
Karrick process, solar energy, geothermal energy,
tidal energy and wind. Today, solar energy and wind
energy have significantly alternated fossil fuel with
big ecological problems.
With the development of the science and
technology, power generation using solar energy and
wind power is gradually known by more and more
people. And it is widespread used in many developed
countries. The merits of the solar and wind power
generation are very obvious-infinite and nonpolluting.
The raw materials of the solar and wind
power generation derived from nature, and wind
power generation can work twenty-four hours a day,
solar power generation only works by daylight. In
addition, this kind of power generation has no
exhaust emission and there is no influence to the
nature. But it also has some shortcomings. Because
of the imperfect of the technology, equipment of the
solar and wind power generation is very expensive.
By far, it cannot be widely used.
In addition, solar and wind power
generation system affected by the changing of the
weather very much, so it has obvious defects in
reliability compared with fossil fuel, and it is difficult
to make it fit for practical use the lack of economical
efficiency .Because of these problems it needs to
increase the reliability of energy supply by
developing a system which interacts Solar and wind
energy. This kind of system is usually called windsolar
hybrid power generation system significantly
This is enegy taken from the natural air!
Can you believe electricity being created because of air!
It is practiced on heights or near sea's.
Go ahead and enjoy!
Wind power or wind energy is the use of wind to provide the mechanical power through wind turbines to turn electric generators and traditionally to do other work, like milling or pumping. Wind power is a sustainable and renewable energy, and has a much smaller impact on the environment compared to burning fossil fuels.
An alternate and eco-friendly energy source with a detailed explanation of types of turbines, their components along with the type of generator used, different wind farms, and production in India along with advantages and disadvantages.
Read more about it at:
http://windturbinesllc.blogspot.com/
http://knol.google.com/k/wind-turbines/-/25fjwptfb1ke6/0#knols
Connect with us!
http://twitter.com/windturbinesnet
http://www.facebook.com/windturbines.net
Hybrid power generation by and solar –windUday Wankar
With the development of industry and
agriculture, a great amount of energy such as coal, oil
and gas has been consumed in the world. Extensive
use of these fossil energies deteriorates a series of
problems like energy crisis, environmental pollution
and so on. Everybody knows that the fossil energy
reserves are finite, some day it will be exhausted.
It is possible that the world will face a
global energy crisis due to a decline in the
availability of cheap oil and recommendations to a
decreasing dependency on fossil fuel. This has led to
increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research
such as fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, biodiesel,
Karrick process, solar energy, geothermal energy,
tidal energy and wind. Today, solar energy and wind
energy have significantly alternated fossil fuel with
big ecological problems.
With the development of the science and
technology, power generation using solar energy and
wind power is gradually known by more and more
people. And it is widespread used in many developed
countries. The merits of the solar and wind power
generation are very obvious-infinite and nonpolluting.
The raw materials of the solar and wind
power generation derived from nature, and wind
power generation can work twenty-four hours a day,
solar power generation only works by daylight. In
addition, this kind of power generation has no
exhaust emission and there is no influence to the
nature. But it also has some shortcomings. Because
of the imperfect of the technology, equipment of the
solar and wind power generation is very expensive.
By far, it cannot be widely used.
In addition, solar and wind power
generation system affected by the changing of the
weather very much, so it has obvious defects in
reliability compared with fossil fuel, and it is difficult
to make it fit for practical use the lack of economical
efficiency .Because of these problems it needs to
increase the reliability of energy supply by
developing a system which interacts Solar and wind
energy. This kind of system is usually called windsolar
hybrid power generation system significantly
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a marine renewable energy technology that converts solar radiation to electrical power by the temperature difference between the deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface water.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion SystemsNaveen Kumar
OTEC or OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION, is a renewable energy technology that converts solar radiation to electric power by use of the world oceans. The use of OTEC as a source of electricity will help reduce the state’s almost complete dependence on imported fossil fuels. About one fourth of the 1.7 * 1013 watts of solar energy reaching the earth’s atmosphere is absorbed by sea water. OTEC can be considered as an indirect solar technology because the surface water are warmed by the sun. OTEC can also be used to produce ammonia, hydrogen, aluminium, chlorine and other chemicals.
Performance Evaluation of 830kW Wind Turbine and an Analysis of Various Param...Rohan Raibagkar
The project aimed at
1) Understanding the performance of wind power project of 830KW
2) Determining system reliability (Grid availability, Machine availability, System availability) and
operating hours of the wind conversion system from the data obtained at site
3) Analyzing the effect of various parameters like velocity, blade length, temperature, pressure, air
density on the power generation of a wind turbine
4) Forecasting or Predicting the performance of the wind turbine generators based on the above
parameters
This analysis can be used to existing sites which are nearby the above evaluated wind power project for Maximizing power generation
It helps us to understand effect of various parameters viz. air density, air pressure, air temperature, blade length, velocity on the power generation
According to the results, there is a high effect of air characteristics on the mechanical power.
The environment’s parameter has a massive effect on the generated power, which will lead the researchers to concentrate on it with highest priority
Complete one year data was used for the analysis of the wind power project
Results were executed using Matlab
Luis Vega from the National Marine Renewable Energy Center describes the technical and economic aspects of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-01.
Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power, solar power,
geothermal energy, hydro power and various forms of biomass. The popularity of renewable energy
has experienced a significant upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional power
generation methods and increasing realization of its adverse effects on the environment. Wind energy
has been harnessed for centuries but it has only emerged as a major part of our energy solution quite
recently and this report focus on utilizing wind energy by using vertical axis wind turbine.
wind energy Doubly-Fed Induction Generators and their characteristics, Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators. Generator-Converter configurations, Grid connectivity methods, Different types of Control structures, Simulation studies on Grid connected Wind turbine generator (WTG) systems. Energy storage systems for wind power conversion systems. Solar-wind hybrid power system.Doubly-Fed Induction Generators and their characteristics, Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators. Generator-Converter configurations, Grid connectivity methods, Different types of Control structures, Simulation studies on Grid connected Wind turbine generator (WTG) systems. Energy storage systems for wind power conversion systems. Solar-wind hybrid power system.
LOW EXPENSE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE USING PERMANENT MAGNETSIAEME Publication
Wind turbines are devices that convert the wind's kinetic energy into electrical power. The result of over a millennium of windmill development and modern engineering, today's wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of horizontal axis and vertical axis types. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power. Slightly larger turbines can be used for making small contributions to a domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, have become an increasingly important source of renewable energy and are used in many countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Knowledge engineering: from people to machines and back
Advancement in wind energy
1. ADVANCEMENT IN
WIND ENERGY
Ravi Damerla
SOLAR WIND TURBINE
VERTICAL AXIS
WIND TURBINE
HORIZONTAL AXIS
WIND TURBINE
Damerla Ravi Teja
IV. B.TECH – EEE
09221A0212
damerlaivar@gmail.com
www.ravidamerla.tk
2. Ravi Damerla
WIND ENERGY
I. Wind is abundant almost in any part of the world.
II. Its existence in nature caused by uneven heating on the surface of the earth as well
as the earth’s rotation means that the wind resources will always be available.
III. Wind energy is the most reliable and effective renewable energy resource for
responding to growing demand
3. Ravi Damerla
WHERE DOES WIND COMES FROM?
I. The wind is a by-product of solar energy.
II. Approximately 2% of the sun's energy
reaching the earth is converted into wind
energy.
III. The surface of the earth heats and cools
unevenly, creating atmospheric pressure
zones that make air flow from high- to
low-pressure areas.
Wind energy, like the other renewable energy sources, prevents the emission of
CO2; is a limitless resource and reduces nations’ energy dependence
4. Ravi Damerla
WIND POWER
I. Wind power is a measure of the energy available in the wind.
II. It is a function of the cube (third power) of the wind speed.
III. This relationship means that small differences in wind speed lead to large
differences in power.
EQUATION OF WIND POWER
I. The amount of power available in the wind is determined by the equation
I. w is power, r is air density, A is the rotor area, and v is the wind speed.
II. Air density varies according to elevation, temperature and weather fronts.
w = 1/2 r A v3
5. Ravi Damerla
I. The first use of a windmill to generate
electricity was in Cleveland, Ohio in
1888 by Charles F. Brush.
II. During the 1920’s modified propellers
were used to drive direct current
generators.
WIND AS ELECTRICITY
The First Wind Mill
PAST
6. Ravi Damerla
WIND AS ELECTRICITY
WIND TURBINES
HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND
TURBINE (HAWT)
VERTICAL AXIS WIND
TURBINE (VAWT)
I. Presently we are generating electricity with wind is based upon mainly on wind
turbines.
II. These wind turbines can be classified generally as commercial or residential.
III. The commercial or utility scale turbines typically tower above the ground at 60 to
200 feet where the air moves more freely.
IV. Wind turbines are able to capture and convert to electricity the clean, green
renewable energy that flows everyday at most places on Earth.
PRESENT
7. HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE ( HAWT )
PRESENT
I. This is the most common wind turbine design.
In addition to being parallel to the ground, the
axis of blade rotation is parallel to the wind
flow.
II. The commercial wind generators commonly have
three blades that help balance out the device and
reduce wear and tear on the bearings.
III. The horizontal axis wind turbine have a gearbox
that drives an electrical generator on the backside.
IV. The tip speed on the wind turbine blades can be as
much as six times the speed of the wind itself.
8. Ravi Damerla
I. Wind generators are much smaller in size
compared other types electrical generators.
II. Small size allows wind power to be very
versatile.
III. Wind power is a great compliment to a house
with a preexisting photovoltaic system.
IV. Serves as a great backup system.
V. Wind power gives off no harmful emissions into
the environment.
VI. The more time spent researching makes each
new wind turbine more efficient.
SOME LIST ABOUT HAWT
Some of the disadvantages of large commercial horizontal wind turbines is that
construction, transportation and installation can be quite expensive. Some local residents
may object to a wind farm disrupting the appearance of the landscape.
9. Ravi Damerla
I. The vertical axis turbines can be installed lower to the ground and may offer more
unique design than horizontal turbines with typical blades.
II. The energy provided by residential wind turbines can offset part of one's monthly bill
or in some instances will provide the homeowner the chance to sell power back to the
utility company.
III. Home wind generators, whether on the rooftop or in one's yard provide those with
houses the opportunity for individual energy independence including lower bills.
VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES ( VAWT )
HELIX
PLS - VAWT
10. Ravi Damerla
HELICAL WIND TURBINE
Helical wind turbines have grown in popularity recently
especially for home and urban use.
They look like DNA structures, other spiral designs which
catch the wind and produce electricity.
slower speeds along the blade tips
mounted on rooftops, in yards, at airports or other settings
depending upon the exact design and application
bird safety
less susceptible with crosswinds than bladed turbines
no tail-fan to keep them pointed in the optimal direction
beauty of the Helix Wind turbine
mounted lower, so installation costs will be lower, and regulations less significant.
11. Ravi Damerla
A MODEL APPROACH ON HELICAL WIND TURBINE
As the wind blows the long helical blade scoops catch wind from all directions forcing it
through the turbine.
In winds as low as 10 mph
the Helix system creates
electricity to power your
home or business
The turbine generator is connected directly to your home and as electricity is generated
your home is powered.
The success of the
commercial wind industry
has propelled significant
advances in small turbine
design, making these
systems more reliable,
quieter and safer than
those introduced in past
decades
12. Ravi Damerla
PLS – VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
PLS has provided the latest cutting-edge technological VAWT.
These VAWT can serve as a single source of energy generation or can be coupled together
with appropriate solar panels so as to become a complete off-grid solution.
13. Ravi Damerla
This new range of VAWT generators works on a proven Magnetic Levitation technology
to enhance efficiency.
The three wing-blades are built on similar principles as aircraft wings, which help the
turbine to rotate and generate energy at a very low wind speeds.
Major advantages with the VAWT system are
- Low start-up wind speed, Less Noisy
- Excellent structural stability as compared to HAWT
- Freedom from directional wind
- low maintenance
- there is no mechanical wear & tear
Pls introduced the 300W Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)
system at first and they are ready with a complete range of
VAWT systems generating up-to 3000W power
16. Ravi Damerla
DESIGNING
The world’s first self-contained hybrid system from the
Blue energy technologies.
fluoropolymer (a clear film) process capture sunlight
from any angle
Solar cells can be affixed to curved surfaces, making it
possible to completely cover, with productive solar
cells, the turbine’s curved wind vanes
The dome-shaped base enclosing its generator and
inverter
Generates electricity in breezes as low as 4 mph and is
designed to produce power in winds up to 90 mph
17. Ravi Damerla
ELEMENTS
Solar cell Encapsulation technology
- Differ from the solar panels now
-Covered by layers of pure fluoropolymer
-dirt resistance
-Non reflective
- impact resistance
Special Dendrite process creating a
microscopic field that captures sunlight
from all angles and steers the light onto
the cells without the use of extra optics or
bulky tracking devices
18. Ravi Damerla
Using solar cells on the wind vanes increases the power output of the wind turbine by
approximately 30-35% and allows electricity to be made even when the wind is calm.
Double – Helix shaped wind vanes :
Best use of family of Polyurethane Foam and carbon composites
called Baydur® for Solarwind™ Turbines up to 10 kW
molded 3D shapes with high intrinsic stiffness and high strength
can be produced
Aluminum molds are used resulting in a very safe and
environmentally friendly production process
strong, extremely lightweight and rigid molded parts can be
produced fast
Double – Helix shaped wind vanes
21. Ravi Damerla
Generator
A three-phase alternating current-
synchronously permanent magnet generator
has been specified.
especially designed for wind-powered
devices
The fixed winding of the rotor is continuously
activated through these magnets, so that the
generator immediately delivers power even
at low revolutions per minute
Current Transfer system for Solar
Slip-ring technology provides for the transfer
of electric currents produced by the
encapsulated solar cells
extremely long life with a minimum of
maintenance
Inverter
The inverter combines the solar
electricity and wind generated
electrically into one current
The Turbine Axis – Bearings
The axis is a hollow, re-enforced steel
mast, using a double frictionless
bearing system to decrease
resistance, while increasing efficiency
This bearing system allows self-
stabilization of the rotating turbine,
so that even in very high winds, the
heavy material stresses and loads are
reduced and remain perfectly
balanced
22. Ravi Damerla
Technical Advantages
Production Advantages
• Utilization of wind and sun energy in one
element
•Uses winds from all directions, even
turbulent winds
•self-regulating stability
•Solar cell surface has a Dendrite system
absorbing the sun light from all angles
•Stacked, segmented, identical sections
•Starts charging with very low wind speeds; as low as 4 mph
•No shutdown is necessary during heavy storms
•Produces about 50% more electricity than traditional horizontal propeller turbines
Cost Advantages
•Lower maintenance cost
•Lower repair cost
•Lower installation cost
•Lower insurance cost
ADVANTAGES
23. Ravi Damerla
CONCLUSION
The reality of global warming demands that we aggressively pursue visionary, innovative
methods to produce clean affordable energy while regenerating our environment’s health
Bluenergy Solarwind™ has created the world’s first hybrid system, which generates
electricity from solar cell encapsulated wind vanes in a double-helix shape – a natural
shape using nature’s forces
A generating system that is efficient, silent, in harmony with its environment, and safe for
plant, animal and human life
A small wind energy system can reduce a customer’s electricity bill significantly, or even
eliminate it completely
Over its 20- to 40-year life, a small residential wind turbine can offset approximately 1.2
tons of air pollutants and 200 tons of carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse" gases
24. Ravi Damerla
The reality of global warming demands that we aggressively pursue visionary, innovative
methods to produce clean affordable energy while regenerating our environment’s health
Bluenergy Solarwind™ has created the world’s first hybrid system, which generates
electricity from solar cell encapsulated wind vanes in a double-helix shape – a natural
shape using nature’s forces
A generating system that is efficient, silent, in harmony with its environment, and safe for
plant, animal and human life
A small wind energy system can reduce a customer’s electricity bill significantly, or even
eliminate it completely
Over its 20- to 40-year life, a small residential wind turbine can offset approximately 1.2
tons of air pollutants and 200 tons of carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse" gases
THANK YOU