The document discusses considerations for power plant selection and operation. It covers factors that influence plant design like variable load conditions. Selection depends on available water, proximity to load centers and populations, and accessibility. Cost considerations include fuels, labor, maintenance, taxes, and profits. Depreciation methods include straight line, percentage, sinking fund, and unit. Plant selection involves transportation, raw materials, markets, incentives, climate, waste disposal, utilities, site preparation, construction, labor, taxes, and living conditions.

1. jahangirabad institute of technology

2. Introduction
 The entire world is in the grip of energy crisis and cost of energy and
uncomforted due to increase in pollution as well as the depletion of
conventional energy resources
 A power plant is assembly of systems or subsystems to generate electricity.
 It is commonly accepted that the standard of living increases with increasing
energy consumption per capita.
 A power plant may be defined as a machine or assembly of equipment that
generates and delivers a flow of mechanical or electrical energy.
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3. Power and energy
Power is the rate of doing work, which equals energy per
time.
Energy is the capacity for doing work, generating heat,
and emitting light.
Electricity is the most convenient and versatile form of
energy.
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4. Sources of energy
Energy
conventional
Thermal energy Nuclear energy
Non-conventional
Solar energy
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5. review of thermodynamic cycles
Rankin cycle.
Modified Rankine cycle.
Re-heat cycle
Re-generative cycle.
Bryton cycle.
Diesel cycle
Joule cycle
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6. fuels and combustion calculations.
There are many types of fuels
 Uranium
 Coal
 Diesel
 Combustion calculation depends on fuels calorific value.
And chemical reactions.
UO2 + 4HF = 2HzO + UF4
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7. Load estimation, load curves
 Load curve shows the value of a specific load for each unit of the period covered.
 It is a curve showing the variation of power with time.
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8. terms and factors involved in power plant calculations
Factors
• Load Factor
• Utility Factor
• Plant Operating Factor
• Plant Capacity Factor
• Demand Factor
• Diversity Factor
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9. Effect of variable load on power plant
operation
 In addition to the effect of variable load on power plant
design, the variable load conditions impose operation
problems also, when the power plant is commissioned.
 In a steam power plant, the variable load on electric
generation ultimately gets reflected on the variable steam
demand on the steam generator and on various other
equipments.
 The operation characteristics of such equipments are not
linear with load, so, their operation becomes quite
complicated.
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10. Selection of power plant units.
Selection of power plant depend on these parameters
Availability of water.
Distance from load center.
Distance from populated
area.
Accessibility to site.
Waste disposal.
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11. Effect of plant type on
Costs
Rates
Energy element
Customer elements
Inventors profit.
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12. Power plant economics and
selection
 The capacity of a power plant depends upon the power demand
 The number of generating units should be so chosen that the
plant capacity is used efficiently.
 The thermal efficiency and operating cost of a steam power
plant depend upon the steam conditions such as throttle
pressure and temperature.
 The other factor, which influences the choice of hydropower
plant, is the cost of power transmission lines and the loss of
energy in transmission
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13. Economics in plant selection
The capacity of a power plant depends upon the power
demand.
The capacity of a power plant should be more than
predicted maximum demand.
The number of generating units should be so chosen that
the plant capacity is used efficiently.
Generating cost for large size units running at high load
factor is substantially low.
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14. Different cost of power plant
Cost of fuels.
 Labor cost.
Cost of maintenance and repairs.
 Cost of stores (other than fuel).
Supervision.
Taxes.
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15. Effect of plant type on customer
elements
Capital cost of secondary distribution system and
depreciation cost, taxes and interest on this capital cost.
Cost of inspection and maintenance of distribution lines
and the transformers.
Cost of labour required for meter reading and office work.
Cost of publicity.
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16. Investor’s profit
 By reducing initial investment in the power plant.
 By selecting generating units of adequate capacity.
 By running the power plant at maximum possible load factor.
 By increasing efficiency of fuel burning devices so that cost of
fuel used is reduced.
 By simplifying the operation of the power plant so that fewer
power-operating men are required.
 By installing the power plant as near the load centre as
possible.
 By reducing transmission and distribution losses.
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17. Depreciation and replacement
Depreciation accounts for the deterioration of the
equipment and decrease in its value due to corrosion,
weathering and wear and tear with use.
(1) Straight line method
(2) Percentage method
(3) Sinking fund method
(4) Unit method.
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18. Considerations in plant selection
Transportation
 Sources and costs of raw materials
 Prospective market for products
 Corporation long range planning
 Water source - quality and quantity
 Special incentive
 Climatic conditions
 Pollution requirements(Waste disposal)
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19. Continue…
Utilities - cost, quantity and reliability; fuel - costs,
reliability and availability
Amount of site preparation necessary(site conditions)
Construction costs
 Operating labor
 Taxes
 Living conditions
 Corrosion
 Expansion possibilities
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20. jahangirabad institute of technology
Depreciation and
replacement
The following methods are used to
calculate the depreciation cost:
 Straight line method
 Percentage method
 Sinking fund method
 Unit method.

21. considerations in plant selection
Considerations in plant selection
Regular and abundant supply of water or quantity of water
Presence of lakes
Location of industrial and commercial centers
Transport and communication are important
Demand of power
Capital investment
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22. jahangirabad institute of technology