The document describes different types of animals categorized by their physical characteristics and habitat. It discusses the key differences between vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as subgroups of vertebrates such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. It also describes how animals are classified based on where they live (terrestrial, aquatic, arboreal, aerial) and what they eat (herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, parasite, scavenger). Adaptations for protection and endangered species are briefly covered.
Types of Changes ;Physical and chemical changes;Factors affecting changes ;Solubility and factors affecting it
Balanced diet; diseases and disabilities due to food deficiencies.
Types of Changes ;Physical and chemical changes;Factors affecting changes ;Solubility and factors affecting it
Balanced diet; diseases and disabilities due to food deficiencies.
Adaptation of different animals, Migration, Habitats, Hibernation, How do Pandas, penguins, tigers, camels, cactus lotus, have different adaptation features, Bears Hibernation, Squirrels, Black American Bear Hibernate, Birds Migration Reason of migration, Importance of Migration in birds. Protection of wildlife
Adaptation of different animals, Migration, Habitats, Hibernation, How do Pandas, penguins, tigers, camels, cactus lotus, have different adaptation features, Bears Hibernation, Squirrels, Black American Bear Hibernate, Birds Migration Reason of migration, Importance of Migration in birds. Protection of wildlife
Food variety ,Food materials and sources ,What do other animals eat? ,Plant parts and animal products as sources of food ,Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores
Magnets,Magnetic and Non-magnetic Materials, Poles of a magnet, Directions using poles of a magnet,
Making a artificial magnet , Attraction an repulsion between magnets,
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibres, their sources and significance for human health
Balanced diet; diseases and disabilities due to food deficiencies.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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2. Types of animals
• Based on the absence or presence of
backbone , animals can be divided
1. Animals with Backbone (Vertebrates )
2. Animals without Backbone (Invertebrates)
3. Invertebrates
• Animals that do not have a backbone are
called invertebrates.
– Examples are insects like spider and
scorpion, Worms, and slug and snail.
• Insects have six legs and their body is divided
into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen.
• Most insects have a hard outer covering made
up of a material called chitin.
4. Vertebrates
• Vertebrates can be divided into
1. Fish
2. Amphibians
3. Reptiles
4. Birds
5. Mammals
• Fish, amphibians, and reptiles are cold-blooded animals. This
means that their body temperature changes with the change
in the temperature of the surrounding
• Warm blooded animals : Animals that have same temperature
inside the body all the time.
– Birds and mammals are warm-blooded animals
5. Vertebrates
1. Fish
– Live in water
– Breathe through gills
– Have fins to swim
– Body is covered by scale
– Are cold-blooded animals
• Examples : cod,shark,mackerel
6. Vertebrates
2. Amphibians
– Lives both on land and water
– Breathe both through lungs and moist skin
– Are cold-blooded animals
• Example : Frog, toad, newt
7. Vertebrates
3. Reptiles
– Live mainly on land.
– Have scaly skins and reproduce by laying eggs.
are reptiles.
– Are cold-blooded animals
• Examples : Lizard, snake, and crocodile
8. Vertebrates
4. Birds
– Birds have a light body.
– They are covered with feathers.
– They have wings that help them to fly.
– Are warm-blooded animals
• Examples : Crow, sparrow, eagle, etc.
– Birds like ostrich, kiwi, and penguin cannot fly because
they have a heavy body. They are called flightless
birds.
• Hummingbird is the smallest bird in the world.
9. Vertebrates
5. Mammals
– Animals that give birth to babies (except the
platypus and anteater).
– Their bodies have hair and the mothers suckle
their young ones.
– They breathe through lungs and have four limbs.
– Are warm-blooded animals.,
• Examples : Human, elephant, horse, cow, dog.
10. Group of animals based place they live
Based on where animals live ,they are grouped
• Terrestrial Animals
– Live on land
• Aquatic animals
– Live in water
• Amphibians
– Live on both on land and in water
• Arboreal animals
– Lives mostly on tree
• Aerial animals
– Fly and spend a lot of time in the air
11. Terrestrial Animals
• Animals that live on land are called terrestrial
animals.
• These animals have features suitable for life
on land.
• They have legs which help them to walk on
land, and most of them have lungs as their
breathing organ.
12. Terrestrial Animals
Animals have adapted to live in different climatic
conditions.
• Freezing condition :Animals have a thick layer
of fat called blubber under their skin to keep
their body warm.
• Example: Seal, penguin, and Walrus are
adapted to live in freezing conditions
Seal Penguin
Walrus
13. Terrestrial Animals
• Cold Places: Animals that live in very cold
places have thick fur on their body, which
protects them from cold.
• Example: It is cold on the mountains and in
the polar regions. A yak lives in the mountains
and a polar bear lives in polar region.
Yak Polar bear
14. Terrestrial Animals
• Desert: Animals living in deserts have very
little hair on their body. These animals have
certain adaptations that prevent water loss
from their bodies.
15. Terrestrial Animals
• Hibernation :Animals like bear, frog, and snake
become inactive in cold winter months, since the
food is also scarce. This inactivity during winter
months or winter sleep is called hibernation
• Aestivation :Slowing down of activity or settling
down to along sleep by some animals during the hot
summer months.
16. Aquatic Animals
• Animals that live in water are called aquatic
animals.
• Most aquatic animals breathe through
gills, except whales and dolphins, which breathe
through lungs.
• Most aquatic animals have fins or paddles that
help them to swim.
• Example : Fish, octopus, turtle, and crab
Turtle Octopus Crab
17. Amphibians
• Animals that live both on land and in water.
• The back legs of a frog and toad are stronger than
their front legs. This helps them to jump, which is
how they move on land.
• They have webbed feet that help them to swim in
water.
• Example : Toad, Frog
18. Arboreal animals
• Land animals that live mostly on trees are called
arboreal animals.
• They have sharp claws to climb up and down the
branches and usually have strong, muscular limbs
and a tail for holding on to the branches.
• Example : Monkey and koala bear.
Koala bear
19. Aerial animals
• Animals that can fly and spend a lot of their time in the air are
called aerial animals.
• Their hollow bones make their bodies light.
• They have one set of limbs modified as wings to help them fly.
• The body shape of aerial animals is such that they able to cut
through the air easily.
• In the cold winter months, when the food become scarce
many birds fly towards warmer countries in search of food
and warmth. This mass movement of birds from a colder to a
warmer place is called migration
• Example : Almost all birds, except flightless birds, Bats
20. Animal Group based on food they eat.
• Based on the type of food animals eat, they can be
divided into five main groups
1. Herbivores : Animals that eat plants
2. Carnivores : Animals that eat the flesh of other
animals
3. Omnivores :Animals that eat plants as well as the
flesh of other animals
4. Scavengers : Flesh eating animals that feed on the
flesh of dead animals
5. Parasites : Some small animals get their food from
other living organisms
21. Herbivores.
• Animals that eat plants are called
herbivores.
• They have sharp teeth for biting and
cutting, and very strong teeth for grinding as
plant food needs to be chewed a lot as it is
very rich in a substance called cellulose.
• Example :Horse, Cow
22. Carnivores
• Animals that eat the flesh of other
animals are called Carnivores.
• Most carnivorous animals have very
sharp teeth for tearing out the flesh of its
prey.
• Example :Lion, tiger, snake, and lizard
23. Omnivores, Scavengers
• Animals that eat plants as well as the flesh of
other animals are called Omnivores
– Example :Crow ,bear and Human beings
• Scavengers are some flesh-eating animals feed
on the flesh of dead animals.
– Example :Vulture, hyena
24. Parasites
• Some small animals get their food from other
living organisms.
• They get their food by sucking the blood of
their host.
• They may live on or inside the body of their
host.
• Example : Fleas and lice live on the host body
, tapeworm, roundworm and hook worm live
inside the host’s body
25. Adaptations for protection
• Many animals have adapted themselves to the environment
and to protect themselves from their enemies.
1. Animals like elephant and hippopotamus have thick skin to
protect themselves from the hot climate.
2. Some animals have very strong legs and are able to run
very fast and can easily run away from danger. For
example, deer and gazelle
3. Some animals like chameleon, zebra, arctic fox, polar
bear, and frog can trick their enemies because their body
colour easily blends with their surroundings, thus confusing
their enemies. This is known as camouflaging.
4. A chameleon can also change its body colour according to
the surroundings. Grasshopper and the stick insect are
other examples of animals that show perfect camouflage.
26. Extinct and Endangered animals
• Some animals like the Dodo has already
disappeared from the Earth. Such animals are
called extinct animals
• Animals like the Giant Panda and tiger are in
danger of becoming extinct. Such animals are
called endangered animals.