The document discusses fats (lipids), covering their composition, classification, fatty acids, recommended dietary allowance, functions, digestion, metabolism, and storage. It emphasizes the role of fats in providing energy, aiding in the absorption of certain vitamins, and their impact on health, including the distinction between essential and non-essential fatty acids. Additionally, it addresses the consequences of fat deficiency and excess in the diet.

1. Fats ( Lipids)
Nursing Path
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2. Nutrient
 Carbohydrates
 Fats
 Proteins
 Vitamins
 Minerals
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3. FATS (Lipids)
 Composition
 Classification of fats
 Fatty Acids
 RDA of FAT
 Functions of Fat
 Digestion & Metabolism
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4. INTRODUCTION
 Fat => 9 Kcal/gm
 Vitamin A, D , E , K
 Insulation
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5. FATS
Glycerol
C3H5(OH)3
Fatty Acid
Composition of FATS
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6. Classification of
FAT / Lipid
Simple Compound Derived Miscellaneous
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7. Simple
LPIDS
FAT =
C3H5(OH)3 (Glycerol)
+
3 Fatty Acids
1 Fats &
Oils
2 Waxes
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8. Compound
FAT
Fat
+
P /Carbo
/ Protein
 Fat + Phosphorus
=Phospholipid
Fat + Carbohydrate
=Glycolipid
Fat + Protein
= Lipoproteins
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9. Derived Lipid
 Derived Lipid Produced from Fat & its Substances
Glycerol + Fatty Acids
 Glycerol :
 It makeup about 10% of Fat
 It is water soluble base Triglycerides
 During digestion Glycerol is removed & Available for Glucose
formation
 Fatty Acids :
 It is refined Fuel of Fat- Cell burns for Energy
 They may be Saturated or Unsaturated
 E.g. Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid, Arachidonic acid,
Palmitic acid, Myristic acid, Steric acid.
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10. Miscellaneous Fat
 Steroid :
 The are fat related Substances containing
Sterols
 E.g. Cholesterol
 Terpenoids :
 Terpenoids referred as Isoprenoids
 Naturally occurring large organic chemicals
 Carotenoids:
 Yellow to Red Pigment
 E.g. Carotenes , Xanthopylls.
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11. Fatty Acid
 Structure
CH3 (CH2)nCOOH
 Saturated Fatty Acids
CH3 –CH2-CH2-CH2 – COOH
 Unsaturated Fatty Acids
CH3 –CH=CH-CH2 – COOH
MUFA (Monounsaturated Fatty Acid) -Increase HDL
CH3 –CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH - COOH
PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid) – Decrease Tryglyceride.
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12. Fatty Acid
 Essential Fatty Acid
Linoleni acid
Linoleic acid
 Non-essential Fatty Acid
Palmitic acid
Oleic acid
Butyric acid.
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13. Trans Fat :
o Fat formed when oils are partially
hydrogenated
o Increase risk of Heart Disease
Triglycerides:
o They are ester of Glycerol with Fatty acid
o It is main form of Fat in food
o 80-90% of body lipid are Triglyceride
o They help to maintain body Temperature
o Excess calorie convert in to Triglyceride
Visible & Invisible Fats:
Visible: Ghee, Oils, Margarine
Invisible: Baked food, Ice-cream , Nuts
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14. Cholesterol :
o One of the Sterols
o Its found different concentration in
animal tissues & Blood
o It is synthesize in body by the Liver
o Body normally synthesized 2
gm/Day
o Normal level in Blood = 150- 250
mg/dl
o Cholesterol is precursor of the bile
salt
o It is restricted in Atherosclerosis.
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15. Recommended Dietary Allowance
(RDA)
Group Fat
(g/day)
Adult Man 20
Adult Women 20
Pregnant women 30
Lactating 45
Children (1-9 Year) 25
Children (10-18 Year) 22
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16. Functions of FAT
 Body Fuel
 Constituent of cell
Membrane
 Digestion, Absorption &
Utilization of
Vit.A,D,E,K
 Cellular Metabolic
regulator
 Protect internal organs
 As a compound of
mitochondrial
membranes
 Effect of Stomach
Fullness
 Proteins sparing effect
 Energy storage in
Adipose tissue
 As a Insulator
 Fatty acids –
Maintenance of
Membrane
 Regulation of cholesterol
 Delaying Blood clotting
time.
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17. Digestion & Absorption of Fat
Food Fat => Stmach =>
Emulsified Fat => Intstine =>
Mono, Diglyceride, Fatty acid, Glycerol =>
Absorbed in Blood => Liver, Tissue
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18. METABOLISM OF FAT
Anabolism =
Lipid →Adipose tissue (Lipogenesis)
Fatty acid + Glycerol
Fatty acid → Muscle → ATP
Glycerol → Liver cell → Glucose
Catabolism=
Fat → Fatty acid + Glycerol
Fatty acid → Energy
Glycerol → Broken down → Waste
product.
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19. STORAGE OF FAT
Lipid Storage:
 Liver
 Adipose
 Muscle
 Tissue
 Lipid enter in Liver via Lymph where
Proteins + Lipid =Lipoproteins
 Lipoproteins are four Types
1. Chylomicrons
2. Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)
3. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
4. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL).
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20. STORAGE OF FAT
 Lipid enter in Liver via Lymph where
Proteins + Lipid =Lipoproteins
 Lipoproteins are four Types
1. Chylomicrons
2. Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)
3. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
4. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
 Chylomicrons , VLDL, LDL → Transport Lipids from
Intestine to → Liver→ Tissue
 LDL  Bad Cholesterol
 HDL  Good Cholesterol
 Apart from lipoproteins, Triglycerides, Cholesterol &
Phospholipids are also synthesised in liver .
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21.  Deficiency of Fat in Diet
 Cause deficiency of essential fatty acids →
Lead to cessation of growth
 Cause Flaky skin
 Development of itchy sores on scalp
 Phynoderma or toad skin
 Excess Fat in Diet :
 Obesity
 Slow down digestion & absorption of Food
 Interferes in absorption of Calcium
 Cause ketosis.
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22. ThankYou
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